April 21 TOEFL Test Recall | Oral Writing Recreates the Original Question?!

April 21 TOEFL test recall, let's take a look at today's test questions!

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The development of ceramics in Jingdezhen

Admire the exquisite craftsmanship and practical value of Jingdezhen porcelain, and then analyze the cause and effect of why a strong porcelain industry developed in Jingdezhen (Jingdezhen has good clay materials, a large number of forests for kiln firing, and a convenient water system to facilitate the transportation of porcelain to the whole country, etc.). Then, a large number of details are used to describe the historical process of the development of Jingdezhen's porcelain industry, which is not only superb and complex, but also reaches a large-scale industrial level. Then it enters the third paragraph, which begins to describe the new heights reached by Jingdezhen porcelain in the Yuan Dynasty. Anyone who understands porcelain knows that the blue and white culture of the Yuan Dynasty is famous all over the world, and the Yuan Dynasty is the era when Chinese porcelain is famous, and it is exported to West Asia and even Europe. First of all, in the Yuan Dynasty, porcelain in Chinese history first used multi-color to draw patterns on the surface of porcelain, and then fired and glazed, that is, multi-color glazed porcelain appeared (the previous porcelain was basically monochrome, and there was no pattern decoration, let alone glaze, even though Tang Sancai in the Tang Dynasty had three colors, but it could not be called porcelain in the real sense, because Tang Sancai had more soil, more like stone than porcelain). Therefore, it was only from the Yuan Dynasty that China had glazed porcelain with multi-color patterns in the true sense, such as diamond blue pigment imported from Afghanistan, which was first used in porcelain pattern firing. Then analyze the reason, why the Yuan Dynasty China Jingdezhen porcelain has such a rapid development, that is because the Yuan Dynasty rulers occupied a vast territory through killing and conquering, opened up the Asia-Europe trade route, so that a lot of pigment raw materials can flow into China, and the porcelain produced in China can also flow into the international market

Impressionists and their paints

By the mid-19th century, supplying artists to Europe had become a regular trade, with its own well-defined distribution channels. Previously, pigments (substances that give pigments their color) were often classified as imported spices or medicines (because some artists' materials also had medicinal uses), so they were sold by grocery stores that dealt in both food and medicine. But as paint manufacturing became more and more a problem of chemical synthesis (production) rather than grinding natural colors, it became an industry where most retailers did little more than off-the-shelf paints provided by packaging manufacturers.

The Greek city- states: Sparta and Athens

Of the hundreds of city-states that developed during the Archaic era, (800-479B.C.) , Sparta and Athens stand out for their contrasting lifestyles and their role in the history that follows in Greece. Sparta, as the main symbol of Doric civilization, chose to guarantee its integrity and future through a strict and uncompromising policy. The first Spartans were slaves of the Helots, who were the original inhabitants of the southern Peloponnese. In order to prevent a rebellion and control the Yorothians (the Helots outnumbered the Spartans ten times numbered), the vigilant Spartans were forced to keep their army on constant alert. As a result, Sparta established a strictly hierarchical society of well-trained, strong, athletic men, women, and children. The Spartans also established a true oligarchy: a constitutional government governed by five officials elected annually by a small group of citizens. The ruling class, obsessed with maintaining social order, banned immigration by law, restricted material abortion, and restricted creativity. Sparta was admired for its loyalty, brave soldiers, and stable social order. But Sparta contributed little to the richness of Greek art.

Speaking section

Task 1

Imagine there are two places to choose to be your home. One is a noisy place but is close to restaurants, shopping centers and public transportation; the other one is a quiet area which is far from these things. Which would you like to choose?

Task 2

A letter from a student saying that he wants students to choose their own roommates instead of being assigned by the school, and then this listening refutes, saying that the first is that if the student chooses by himself, it may cause conflicts, because some people like to be quiet, some people may like to listen to music, etc., and the second is that if the student chooses by himself, there may not be a way for them to break out of their comfort zone, because what is self-improvement in college and so on.

Task 3

【S1】The third question is about that, it should be a hierarchy, and then the example is given a kind of deer, and then the size of its antlers represents its rank. Then he can be the big antlers, he can attract more of the opposite sex, and then in the winter, its antlers may fall off, and then those that don't fall off will have an advantage

【S2】The dominance hierarchy in the third question, Dear is a DH animal, it is up to Antler to determine the status and then choose a female but the antlers will fall off, and the mela deer without horns will not be able to attract female

Task 4

【S1】Question 4 is about some of the negative effects that a company's logo may bring. Then the first one gives the user a negative impression of his product, and then the example given is that the toothpaste he used some darker dirty colors, and then this is contrary to the function of the toothpaste itself, so the product also does not sell well. And then the second example is a company that sells mobile phones, and then the logo he uses may be those phones that look more outdated, so that user feels that the company can't keep up with the times.

【S2】The fourth question is: the company's ineffective logo, one point is that the logo is the opposite of the message conveyed by the brand, and the other point is that the logo is outdated

【S3】The last question is about when the logo doesn't work, giving two examples, one is that the logo of the toothpaste is black to make people feel contradictory, and the other is the logo of the phone, which is a very old phone that makes people feel outdated

Writing section

Integrated Writing

The walls of an ancient city have no defensive role (the architecture of the Andes is not used for fortress purposes)

It is not considered for defense in the reading, for the following reasons:

1. There is a place in the building itself that is not a fence and is easy to be attacked2. There are many entrances and exits to the building, while a normal defensive fortress has only one entrance

3. A man who does not have enough water defenses cannot resist a protracted war of the enemy

Hearing thinks yes, refutes them one by one:

1. There is a good reason why some fences are partially walled and some are not. There is no need for walls where there are natural barriers, such as cliffs. And in places that are vulnerable to attack, such as gentle slopes, walls are designed

2. Although there are multiple exits, each one has a good view. As soon as an enemy appears, you can quickly spot them and have time to block the exit. In addition, each entrance and exit is not wide, which also reduces the difficulty of closing the city gates

3. Lack of water resources does not become an obstacle. Those who attack the Andes will not resort to protracted warfare. The area is very arid, not only do the defenders not have enough water, but the attackers are also limited. So, as soon as the attack fails, they will retreat

Academic discussions

last week, we started talking about decisions that university administratorshave to make regarding spending. They often need to decide how to allocate their funds, including renovating existing facilities, offering new amenities, and soon. For example, a university could spend money to upgrade a sports stadium, build a new performing arts center, or doa variety of other things. What is themost important thing university administrators should consider when making decisions regarding spending?.