"Cherry", as the "first fruit of spring branches", has been sold in major supermarkets in Qingjiang Crane residence, mainly from cherries cultivated in greenhouse facilities around the country. Cherries planted in the open field are also gradually reaching the post-ripening stage, and they are probably available in large quantities during the rice transplanting season.
Cherries are loved as a delicious and nutritious fruit.
Picture 01~02): The first fruit of spring branch (cherry)
However, the post-ripening period of cherries is also a "rampant" period when various pests frequently harm cherry fruits. The presence of pests not only threatens the yield of cherries, but also affects the quality of cherries.
In this issue, Qingjiang Crane will focus on and chat with all the teachers about the related topics of cherries in the "first fruit of spring branches", aiming to elaborate on the types, hazard characteristics and prevention and control measures of cherries in the post-ripening period. I hope it will be helpful to you, and actively participate in the interaction, forward and share the pictures and texts of this issue.
Picture 03~04): Cherry disease or insect infestation
The main pests that damage cherries in the post-ripening period are:
There are many kinds of pests in the post-ripening stage of cherries, including but not limited to cherry wasps, aphid pests, moth pests (such as leaf miner), leafhopper pests (such as small green leafhoppers), branch pests (such as wood moth, red-necked beetle) and scale shellfish (bulb scale) pests.
These pests have different habits and damage characteristics, causing different degrees of damage to cherry trees.
01) Cherry fruit bees that mainly eat cherry fruits:
Feeding on cherry fruits causes deformation and denting of the fruits, which seriously affects the commercial value of the fruits. It can cause cherry fruit drop and rotten fruit in the later stage. Makes the cherry fruit lose its edible value.
Image 05∽06) Heartworm in cherry fruit
02) Aphid pests that mainly harm the tender shoots of cherry leaves:
Common aphids on cherry trees include tobacco aphid, vegetable aphid, peach aphid, mealen aphid, and tumor aphid. A "common" feature of their harm to cherry trees is that they use the "stinging and suctioning" mouthparts to suck the juice on the new shoots of cherry leaves, resulting in leaf curling, yellowing, wilting and shrinking of the new shoots, affecting the photosynthesis of the leaves and lignification of the new shoots, and then reducing the yield and quality of cherry fruits.
The second is that after the damage of aphids, there are often "honeydew" residues in the affected area, which is easy to cause "coal stain disease" of cherry tree fruits and virus diseases of tree plants.
03) Moth pests that mainly harm leaves:
In addition to pests such as aphids, there are also lepidopteran moths that harm the leaves of cherry trees. For example, dead leaf moth, leaf miner moth, willow moth, peach moth, sword pattern armyworm, etc.
Picture 07~08): moth larvae on cherry leaves
Moth pests mainly eat the leaves of cherry trees with larvae, resulting in incomplete leaves, affecting the decline of photosynthesis and tree yield and production. When the damage is severe, it causes the cherry tree to fall its leaves early.
04）同翅目叶蝉科叶蝉类害虫：
There are many small species, the most common such as the small green leafhopper. Sucking the sap of the leaves can cause the leaves to lose green and yellow, and in severe cases, the whole cherry tree can die. The whole cherry leaf is pale and sheds the main branch early.
05) Branch pests that mainly eat cherry branches and phloem xylem:
The most common ones are the woodworm moth and the red-necked longhorn beetle, where the larvae feed on the trunk, causing the trunk to be hollow and wilted, easy to break, and in severe cases, the whole cherry tree can die.
06) Scalp pests that have the same effect as aphids:
Image 09~10): Aphid damage on cherry leaves
The scale insects that harm on cherry trees mainly include "mulberry white scale" and "ball scale". Their common feature is to suck the sap of cherry branches and secrete honeydew, induce coal pollution, affect the photosynthesis and respiration of cherry trees, cause tree weakness, and cause trunk death when seriously affected.
Efficient control measures for various pests in the post-ripening stage of cherries:
In view of the harm of pests in the post-ripening stage of cherries, we need to take a series of effective prevention and control measures.
First of all, strengthen orchard management, keep orchards clean, remove pests and diseases in a timely manner, and reduce the breeding environment of pests. Do not allow insect fruits to remain in the orchard.
Secondly, the rational use of biological control methods, such as the introduction of natural enemy insects, the application of biological pesticides, etc., to achieve the purpose of controlling the number of pests. Many biological pesticides have more effective effects on the control of a variety of pests on cherry trees.
Picture 11~12): The damage of pests to new shoots
However, in the minds of fruit farmers, biological pesticides do not have pyrethrins, and organophosphorus pesticides have good effects. The reason is that biological pesticides have poor insecticidal speed and cannot be "immediate". In fact, this is a mistake in understanding.
In addition, physical control methods can also be used, such as setting up yellow boards to trap aphids, installing insecticidal lamps to trap moth pests, etc. In terms of chemical control, pesticides with low toxicity, high efficiency and short residue period should be selected, and operated in strict accordance with the instructions for use to avoid pollution to the environment and fruits.
Chemical control measures for various pests of cherries and the selection of commonly used pesticides, and the concentration range used:
01) About cherry aphids, small green leafhoppers, scale insect pests:
Picture 13~14): The current situation of leaf residue eaten by pests
It can be sprayed with 400~500 times of 1.8% avermectin imidacloprid emulsifiable concentrate, 2000~3000 times of 6% avermectin acetamiprid water emulsion, or 4000~5000 times of 12.5% avermectin acetamiprid microemulsion, or 5000~6000 times of 30% avermectin acetamiprid water dispersible granules, or 20% spirometallethyl dinotefuran suspension 2000~3000 times, or 40% fenvalerate pyroxidine emulsifiable concentrate 2000~3000 times liquid, or 3.5% avermectin fipronide emulsifiable concentrate 1000~1500 times liquid spray, or 4% avermectin acetamiprid emulsifiable concentrate 2000~2500 times liquid spray stem and leaf treatment.
02) About cherry tree branch pests:
It can be sprayed with 1200~1500 times of 20% avermectin chlorpyramide wettable powder, or 1500~2000 times of 12% emamectin salt fenfenapyr suspension, or 1500~2000 times of 20% high-efficiency chloroflufludioxianidin suspension.
Picture 15~16): Heartworm on cherry pulp
During the dormant period of cherry trees in winter, after hollowing out the wormholes, inject the agent into the wormholes or worm tracts with 2000~3000 times of 15% avermectin chlorpyrifos EC, or 20% phoxanthion malathion EC 2000~3000 times, or 30% phosphine chloride EC 3000~3500 times. Or mix the medicine with the soil to make the medicine mud, plug it in the wormhole or insect channel, and then wrap it with plastic film to "fumigate".
03) About cherry tree moth pests:
It can be sprayed with 20.5% avermectin pyrethuron suspension 2000~4000 times, or 12% emamectin chlorfenfenapyr suspension 1000~1500 times, or 20% avermectin chlorpyreno wettable powder 1200~1500 times, or 45.5% avermectin butyletherurea suspension 2000~3000 times, or 6% avermectin chlorantraniliprole suspension 2000~3000 times, or 5% emamectin fluorinyl urea microemulsion 2000~3000 times liquid spray stem and leaf treatment.
Picture 17~18): Comparison before and after cherry insect infestation
Words written at the end of "Cherry Pest":
The control of pests in the post-ripening stage of cherries is a comprehensive prevention and control system project, which requires the comprehensive use of a variety of means.
Only by strengthening orchard management and rational use of biological, physical and chemical control methods can we effectively control the number of pests, ensure the yield and quality of cherries, and make cherries "upgrade".
At the same time, we should also pay attention to environmental protection and food safety issues, and try to choose control methods and pesticides that are harmless to the environment and fruits, so as to provide consumers with healthy and delicious cherries.
Through the implementation of the above measures, I believe that we can effectively prevent and control cherry ripening pests and contribute to the sustainable development of the cherry industry.
Picture 19~20): Cherry fruit with strong growth and development