In the 80s of the last century, it was called the "spring of science", but in this spring we encountered a big hailstorm: the completely self-developed Yunshi was forced to dismount. The reason for getting off the horse was not because of lack of money, but because we were fooled by the United States and Europe, and in order to make way for the planes of the United States and Europe, we abandoned our martial arts and took the initiative to give up Yun Shi.
Today's people are still proud of the self-developed C919 large aircraft, but they do not know that many parameters of the C919 have not caught up with the Yun-10 more than 40 years ago. The maximum range of the Y-10 is 7,000 km, and the C919 is 5,500 km. The take-off weight of the Yun-10 is 110 tons, and the C919 is only 72 tons. The maximum speed of the Yun 10 is 900 kilometers per hour, and the C919 is 840 kilometers per hour.
The most rare thing is that the localization rate of the Yun-10 fuselage is 100%, and the localization rate of the avionics system has also reached 96%, which surpasses today's C919. Obviously, we had our own big plane in the 80s, but why did we take such a long detour?
Yun 10 began to be developed in the 70s, and in that era, it was a "qi" project, a face-to-face project representing the image of a great power. The state has invested a huge amount of 540 million yuan in it, and countless scientific researchers have dedicated their youth to it. The Pakistani brothers also deliberately forced the landing of a Boeing 707 in good condition in the country, and then announced its scrapping to serve as a research sample for us.
From the first hand-drawn paper in 1975 to its first flight in 1980, it took only five years to develop the Yun-10. In the following four years, it flew 130 sorties in China, appeared on the snowy plateau and the desert Gobi, withstood the test of various harsh climatic conditions, and proved that it was a reliable large aircraft.
The entire design process was attended by tens of thousands of scientific research workers from 262 units from 21 provinces and cities, and no foreigner participated, which can be said to be the purest domestic large aircraft. Even Jossatt, the Boeing engineer who came to visit, admitted that this was indeed a good plane.
However, after 1985, without any organization announcing the official discontinuation of the Yun-10, the Yun-10 was inexplicably idle, and it was thrown into the sun and rain at the airport in Shanghai, and no one cared about it, until it was finally abandoned.
[Ma Fengshan, the chief designer of Yunten]
The entire R&D team was also disbanded, and even sent to the street to sell atlases, and the R&D system that had been established with great difficulty was destroyed in one fell swoop. What is the reason for all this? Looking back now, they have been fooled by the United States and Europe, and they have been fooled.
At that time, it was the so-called "honeymoon period" between us and the United States and Europe, and all walks of life were clamoring to introduce foreign capital and engage in joint ventures, such as the automobile industry and the aircraft industry, as if independent research and development were inferior.
Boeing was worried that Yun-10 would become its competitor and was unwilling to make a joint venture, so we approached McDonnell Douglas. However, the early McDonnell Douglas 82 had no core technology at all, and was just an assembly plant. From 1985 to 1995, it took 10 years for McDonnell Douglas to lose a McDonnell Dalwellwell 90 project, and finally had a little bit of intellectual property.
Unfortunately, the McDonnell Douglas 90 program was only two years into operation before McDonnell Dalwells went bankrupt and was acquired by Boeing. Boeing asked us to destroy all technical data, stop using the equipment and production lines we had just purchased, and the dream of a joint venture that had been borrowed for more than ten years to lay eggs came to naught.
In accordance with Boeing's requirements, we obediently emptied the electronic drawings of nearly 50,000 drawing numbers, 85 tons of paper technical data, 7 million words of functional test documents, and 8.6 million words of process standards of the four aircraft factories, and since then we have lost the ability to manufacture large aircraft by ourselves.
At this time, Yun Shi had already turned into a pile of scrap metal at the airport. Ma Fengshan, the chief designer, ran around, demanding that the large aircraft must have independent intellectual property rights, independent research and development, and grasp it in his own hands. But in the eyes of some people, it seems as if Yun Shi never existed.
[The cockpit of the Yun-10 does not look far behind now]
Without McDonnell Douglas, they found Airbus again, and they wanted to go all the way to the dark on the road of joint venture. However, Airbus is even darker, first using deception to open up the market, and then blatantly violating the contract after selling the plane, and charging us an additional $1 billion in technology transfer fees, otherwise don't think about building it. We invested 4.6 billion yuan in the AE100 passenger aircraft project, but in the end, we didn't even build a prototype.
The successive deceptions made us finally wake up, foreigners are unreliable after all, and large planes still have to rely on themselves. In 2002, the domestic regional aircraft project was approved, and it has been 17 years since Yun Shi got off the ground.
How many 17 years does a person have in his life? Ma Fengshan, the chief designer of Yunshi, only lived to be 61 years old, and spent one-third of his life running around. The time of the Yun-10 project was earlier than Airbus, and Airbus only took 20 years to share the domestic market with Boeing.
The eighties were the spring of science, but there were also hailstorms in the spring, and there were no less. At that time, we were on the same starting line as the international advanced technology, but later we were fooled by the foreigners and abandoned the city, and when we woke up again, we had wasted half a lifetime of a generation.