Recently, the third-generation superconducting quantum computer "Origin Wukong" independently developed by the mainland has been successfully equipped with the first "anti-quantum attack shield" in China, using PQC (Post Quantum Cryptography) hybrid encryption method. This encryption provides strong security for quantum computers.
By introducing new encryption technology, Origin Wukong will be able to defend itself more effectively against attacks by other quantum computers, thus ensuring the security of its operating data.
PQC (post-quantum cryptography) is a next-generation encryption technology that can defend against attacks by quantum computing on public key cryptography algorithms.
Its core goal is to explore the security of cryptographic algorithms in quantum environments, and to construct cryptographic systems that are secure in classical and quantum environments.
With the rise of quantum computers, traditional cryptography is facing great challenges.
At present, traditional cryptographic algorithms such as RSA and ECC are facing the risk of being quickly cracked. NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) has been working on PQC standardization since 2016.
The emergence of PQC technology effectively prevents encrypted information from being stolen or cracked, which is mainly based on mathematical principles, focuses on software and algorithms, and relies on computational complexity. It can be easily standardized, integrated, and low-cost, and can provide a full range of solutions including encryption, authentication, and digital signatures.
PQC technology integrates a variety of cryptography principles and mathematical structures to perform secure encryption and signature operations, so as to effectively defend against the potential threat of "store first, decrypt later".
At the beginning of 2023, researchers at the Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden used neural networks to successfully crack the NIST-nominated Crystals-Kyber algorithm, which is the fourth time that the PQC algorithm has been cracked, indicating that there is still a need for further exploration in the field of quantum security.
Principles of Quantum Cryptography Communication:
Source: Tianfeng Securities
From the perspective of industrial progress, the industrial value of quantum communication is mainly reflected in quantum physical encryption products and technologies, such as quantum key distribution (QKD), post-quantum cryptography (PQC), and quantum random number generator (QRNG).
Focusing on the three key markets of QKD, PQC and QRNG, the global quantum communication market is expected to reach $19.68 billion by 2030.
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An overview of the quantum communications industry
Quantum is an indivisible basic unit, a concept in the microscopic world that cannot be further subdivided, and non-divisible elementary particles such as photons can be called quantized existence. Two important properties of quantum information are important references to information science. Two important properties of quantum information are important references to information science. One is the "superposition" of quantum, and the other is quantum "entanglement".
A complete quantum communication system consists of several key components: quantum sources that generate quantum information, quantum hosts that receive it, and quantum encoding and decoding, which are responsible for converting quantum information into qubits and converting those bits back into readable information, respectively.
Quantum communication has the characteristics of indecipherability and absolute security, and the use of quantum communication technology to encrypt classical communication to ensure information security has become the focus of global quantum communication research under the current situation that quantum teleportation is difficult to achieve.
Quantum communication industry chain
The quantum communication industry chain consists of three main links: the manufacturing of core components of quantum communication, the supply of quantum communication equipment and solutions, and the operation of quantum communication networks.
The core devices in the upstream of the industrial chain include chips, light sources, single-photon detectors, quantum random number generators and other parts. The midstream consists of the equipment layer, the network construction layer, and the operation layer.
The main manufacturers involved in the upstream link in the mainland include Guodun Quantum (providing chips, light sources and quantum random number generators), Qike Quantum (focusing on the research and development of quantum random number generators), Extreme Technology, and Hengtong Optoelectronics (mainly producing crystals, optical fiber and cables and other products).
Diagram of the quantum recognition industry chain:
资料来源:ICV TA&K
The midstream link includes core equipment, network construction integration, secure network operation, and post-quantum cryptography (PQC). From a global perspective, PQC headquarters in the United States, the European Union and China are relatively concentrated, and the main players in this link include companies such as Xingtang Communications, Muchuang Integrated Circuit and Mo'an Technology.
At present, the quantum communication industry is in the early stage of promotion, and components and equipment suppliers will benefit significantly in the short term.
Among the representative manufacturers of the industrial chain, Guodun Quantum is a pioneer in the industry, focusing on the development of quantum core equipment, and has expanded to infrastructure network construction, industry application, standard formulation and other fields. In terms of research and development of key quantum technologies, China Telecom has led the compilation of five quantum communication industry standards, and has the core technology of quantum encryption with quantum keys and national cryptography algorithms.
Founded in 2016, CAS Quantum has successfully realized the full line of the "National Wide-area Quantum Secure Communication Backbone Network", and is building a cloud platform integrating quantum communication technology on the eight hub nodes of the national "Eastern Data and Western Computing".
Qike Quantum is a member of the Quantum Information Standards Working Group, a founding member of the Quantum Technology Industry-University-Research Innovation Alliance and the Quantum Computing Industry Intellectual Property Alliance, and has participated in the formulation of more than 30 national and industry standards in the field of quantum information. #量子通信##量子##科技##财经#
Quantum communication industry pattern and leading combing
Quantum technology has made many breakthroughs in the field of information security communication, which has driven more and more projects from the laboratory research stage to the commercial application stage.
Global giants are also accelerating the layout of the quantum field, such as Google Chrome's adoption of the PQC algorithm, IBM's release of the quantum security route, and the launch of the EuroQCI project by the European Union.
According to a study by the UK government's Office of Science, the current global quantum communication application is still in its early stages. With the continuous improvement of technology and the increasing miniaturization of terminal devices, the application scope of quantum communication will gradually expand to many fields. In the next 10 to 15 years, quantum-resistant cryptography and post-quantum cryptography technology are expected to completely replace the current cryptographic system, bringing industry-wide changes. In the long run, new applications such as quantum cloud computing and quantum sensor networks are expected to be born, thereby accelerating the entry into the era of quantum Internet.
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