Huang Qunhui: The new quality productivity is an advanced productivity that conforms to the new development concept
Learn to think about peace
★★★★★
In September 2023, at the symposium on promoting the comprehensive revitalization of Northeast China in the new era, General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the concept of "new quality productivity", and then published a series of important expositions on new quality productivity. General Secretary Xi Jinping's important exposition on the new quality of productive forces, inheriting and developing the Marxist theory of productive forces, is the latest progress in the sinicization of Marxist theory of productive forces, further enriches the theoretical system of Xi Jinping's economic thought, and has great guiding significance for promoting the high-quality development of China's economy in the new era and new journey. Promoting high-quality development is the last word in the new era. The mainland's economy has shifted from a stage of high-speed growth to a stage of high-quality development, and new theories are needed to guide the practice of promoting high-quality development. The new quality productivity has been formed and demonstrated in practice as a strong driving force and support force for high-quality development, and the theory of new quality productivity has been formed by summarizing and summarizing it theoretically, laying a theoretical foundation for promoting high-quality development in the new era.
Different from human economic and social development in the general sense, high-quality development is guided by the new development concept, which requires development to have five characteristics: innovation as the primary driving force, coordination as an endogenous feature, green as a universal form, openness as the only way, and sharing as the fundamental purpose. General Secretary Xi Jinping summarized the new quality of productivity as the quality of advanced productivity that plays a leading role in innovation, gets rid of the traditional economic growth mode and productivity development path, has the characteristics of high technology, high efficiency and high quality, and conforms to the new development concept. This means that the new quality productivity is a productivity with a higher level of development led by innovation, and it is a productivity that meets the requirements of the concept of innovative development, coordinated development, green development, open development and shared development, and promotes high-quality development.
First, the development of new quality of productive forces requires innovation to be the primary driving force and play a leading role
Innovation is the first driving force to lead development. Productivity is the development of production capacity and its factors, and new quality productivity is the development of innovation ability and its constituent elements, which means that innovation plays a leading role in new quality productivity and is its key characteristic. On the basis of inheriting and developing the Marxist theory of the development of the productive forces of political economy, this has deepened the theoretical understanding of technological progress in promoting economic growth and the development of human society.
Innovation is a purposeful, creative, and complex high-level practical activity, corresponding to human practice activities such as material production practice, social relationship practice, and scientific experiments, including scientific innovation, technological innovation, institutional innovation and other basic forms. Innovation is a permeable factor of production, which can improve the ability of laborers, promote capital accumulation, and improve the means of labor, especially the tools of production, can transform scientific knowledge into productive forces, trigger changes in the means of production, and promote the change of production relations, and can incorporate huge natural forces and natural science into the production process, so that the production process is scientific, and then play a huge role in promoting the improvement of productivity and economic development.
From the perspective of economic growth, innovation generally refers to the activity of introducing a new combination of production factors and production conditions into the production system, including new products, new technologies, new demand, new supply, new organizations, etc. Innovation is the root cause of the improvement of total factor productivity, through innovation, we can get rid of the extensive traditional economic growth mode that simply relies on the increase of the number of factors, promote the change of quality, efficiency and power, and realize the transformation of economic growth mode from quantitative expansion to quality improvement.
Today's world is in the process of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, and global scientific and technological innovation is unprecedentedly intensive. The new generation of information technology represented by artificial intelligence, quantum information, mobile communications, Internet of Things, and blockchain, the life science technology represented by synthetic biology, gene editing, brain science, regenerative medicine, etc., the new energy technology with the goal of clean, efficient and sustainable, and the advanced manufacturing technology integrating robots, digitalization, and new materials are accelerating the transformation and development of the manufacturing industry to intelligence, service-oriented, and green, thereby promoting the comprehensive transformation of human production and lifestyle. The emergence of original and disruptive scientific and technological innovation achievements has brought about the in-depth expansion of the breadth, depth and frequency of the combination of physical and non-physical elements in the structure of productivity factors, promoted the accelerated iterative leap of productivity, and reflected a qualitative state different from the development of traditional productivity. The proposal of the new quality productive forces has grasped the far-reaching trend of change in the world today and profoundly revealed the driving force for the development of human society in the future.
Scientific and technological innovation can give birth to new industries, new models and new kinetic energy, and is the core element of the development of new quality productive forces. New technologies with digitalization, informatization, intelligence, greening, and integration as the basic characteristics are promoting qualitative changes in traditional laborers, labor materials, labor objects, and their combinations, and have become new production factors that constitute new quality productivity. New factors of production and their new combinations have given birth to a large number of new industries and new models, and the in-depth transformation of these future industries, emerging industries and traditional industries that have sprung up like mushrooms after a rain has promoted the industrial system from tradition to modernity as a whole, and promoted the formation of a modern industrial system. The construction of a modern industrial system is also a process of cultivating new quality productivity factors driven by scientific and technological innovation and promoting the transformation of future industries, emerging industries and traditional industries. Therefore, leading the construction of a modern industrial system with scientific and technological innovation is the basic path for the development of new quality productive forces.
The development of new quality productivity, especially to attach great importance to the construction of a modern industrial system empowered by artificial intelligence technology. Artificial intelligence is based on the development of key elements such as computing power, algorithms and data, leading a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation of strategic technology, can gradually make machines have human intelligence, with penetration and synergy, subversive innovation, independent generation and efficient empowerment, has a significant and far-reaching impact on human economic and social development, is a typical representative of new quality productivity. In the future, the mainland should further accelerate the all-round and in-depth empowerment of new industrialization with artificial intelligence, build a large model and industrial knowledge base for key industries such as equipment manufacturing, electronic information, raw materials, energy and power, and consumer goods, and vigorously develop intelligent products with scenario applications as the traction, and realize the deep integration of artificial intelligence and manufacturing with the intelligent transformation of the whole process of manufacturing.
Second, the development of new quality productive forces requires the optimal combination of production factors and the coordinated and balanced structure
The concept of coordinated development in the new development concept is a methodology on development issues of universal significance. From the perspective of philosophical methodology, the concept of coordinated development follows the materialist dialectic that things are universally connected, and believes that economic and social development is an integral movement in which various elements of development are interconnected and interact, and the entire development process must be grasped from the perspective of internal connection. To adhere to the concept of coordinated development, it is necessary to learn to "play the piano", enhance the integrity, coordination and balance of development, and realize the optimal combination of development factors and the balanced and coordinated development structure.
The new quality productivity is based on the leap of laborers, labor materials, labor objects and their optimal combinations, and its function process is the process in which new types of workers with corresponding knowledge, skills and qualities act on new labor objects through new labor tools. The development of new quality productivity should not only promote the development of new types of workers, new labor objects, new labor tools and other new factors from quantitative change to qualitative change through innovation-driven, but also realize the jump of reasonable matching and optimal combination of new production factors, so as to form a production function with higher efficiency and better level, and promote the sustained and rapid improvement of total factor productivity. Guided by the concept of coordinated development, the development of new quality productive forces should properly handle the relationship between laborers, labor materials, and labor objects from the perspective of universal connections, and form a development strategy and policy system in which all factors of production promote and adapt to each other. It is necessary to give full play to the role of new-type laborers as the active main body of the new quality productive forces, carry forward the spirit of scientists, entrepreneurs, and craftsmen, and vigorously cultivate new-type laborers; it is necessary to fully understand and grasp the attributes of new labor objects such as data, and adapt to the new challenges and new requirements between people and between people and nature in the era of digital intelligence; and attach great importance to artificial intelligence, robots, the Internet of Things, At the same time, it is also necessary to realize that the effective play of the efficiency of new labor tools also depends on the creative labor of new workers, the rich scenarios of new labor objects, and the strong support of new infrastructure.
The development of new quality productive forces requires that the carrying of its industrial structure and the layout of its regional structure should pay attention to balance and coordination. From the perspective of the industrial carrier of new quality productivity, to accelerate the construction of a modern industrial system, we should pay attention to grasp the completeness, advancement and safety of the industrial system, while accelerating the cultivation and expansion of emerging industries and the layout and construction of future industries, we should attach importance to the application of scientific and technological innovation achievements to specific traditional industries and industrial chains, focus on transforming and upgrading traditional industries, scientifically lay out scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, promote the deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy, and create a digital industrial cluster with international competitiveness. From the perspective of the regional distribution of new quality productive forces, it is necessary to optimize the distribution of productive forces, promote regional coordinated development, and form a regional economic layout and territorial space system with complementary advantages and high-quality development around the regional coordinated development strategy, major regional strategy, main functional area strategy, and new urbanization strategy. It is necessary to develop new quality productive forces according to local conditions, selectively promote the development of new industries, new models and new kinetic energy according to local resource endowments, industrial foundations, scientific research conditions, etc., transform and upgrade traditional industries with new technologies, and actively promote high-end, intelligent and green industries.
Third, the development of new quality productivity requires green and low-carbon development and harmonious coexistence between man and nature
The concept of green development in the new development concept theoretically answers the question of the relationship between man and nature in the economic and social development of mankind, and deepens the understanding of the law of harmonious coexistence between man and nature in the Chinese-style modernization. In a general sense, productivity refers to the ability of human beings to transform and use nature, while the new quality productivity itself is green productivity, which is the production and development capacity based on the basic concept of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and requires that the production activities of human society must respect nature, conform to nature, protect nature, and seek human development under the premise of following the law of natural development. General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the important thesis that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, that protecting the environment is to protect productive forces, and that improving the environment is to develop productive forces, which is an important connotation of the theory of new quality productivity.
The new quality productivity itself is an important discourse on green productivity, which scientifically reflects on the modernization theory of human society and the compatibility between development and environment, and contains great theoretical value. On the one hand, this is the inheritance and innovation of the Marxist theory of productive forces, which includes the ecological environment in the category of productive forces, and opens up a new realm of Marxist ecological outlook and Marxist political economy. On the other hand, the inclusion of ecological environment and other factors into the production function expands the two-way transformation path of "lucid waters and lush mountains and golden mountains and silver mountains", and regards the ecosystem as an important part of the economic and social system, which is also a scientific summary of the understanding of the regularity of the relationship between man and nature for thousands of years and a rational sublimation of the ideological understanding of the relationship between man and nature.
The development of new quality productivity requires the establishment of an overall view, a long-term view, and an overall view, firmly establish and practice the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, unswervingly follow the path of ecological priority and green development, attach great importance to the appreciation of "natural capital", and accelerate the green transformation of development mode. It is necessary to accelerate the innovation of green technology and the promotion and application of advanced green technology, strengthen the green manufacturing industry, develop the green service industry, expand the green energy industry, promote industrial ecology and ecological industrialization, create efficient ecological and green industrial clusters, form and improve the green and low-carbon supply chain, vigorously advocate a green and healthy lifestyle in the whole society, promote the comprehensive green and low-carbon transformation of the economy and society, and provide a strong impetus for sustainable development.
Fourth, the development of new quality productive forces requires global openness, integration, and interconnection
The concept of open development in the new development concept has further deepened the understanding of the law of economic globalization and enriched and developed the theoretical connotation of Marxist political economy on the world economy. Marx and Engels' important expositions on world trade, world market, and world history have revealed the nature, logic, and process of economic globalization, and constitute the theoretical basis for the concept of open development. Proceeding from Marx's theory of productive forces, economic globalization and opening up are also inevitable requirements for the development of productive forces and socialized large-scale production. In the process of economic globalization, due to the development of comparative advantages and the expansion of product market boundaries, the scale of production has been expanded, the division of labor has been further refined, the level of specialization has been further improved, the factors of production have been further concentrated, production costs have been further reduced, and product quality has been further improved, thus promoting a substantial increase in production efficiency and total output. In particular, due to the global flow of factors of production and the global exchange of people, knowledge and ideas, technological innovation and technological diffusion have been strongly promoted, thus greatly promoting the development of productive forces.
In the context of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, modern information technology has accelerated the emergence of a fully connected society, and the globalization characteristics of socialized large-scale production and the development of productive forces have become more and more distinct. With the interconnection of software and hardware infrastructure such as land, sea, air, and digital, the boundaries and fields of productivity development continue to expand and integrate. At the same time, around global technical problems such as artificial intelligence and technological governance, open cooperation is also a magic weapon for mankind to cope with common challenges and achieve prosperity and development. All this requires the development of new quality productive forces, and we must adhere to the concept of open development, constantly broaden the boundaries of the factor system of productive forces in the process of opening up, support the upgrading of the structure and system of productive forces, and drive the overall coordination and comprehensive development of their functional systems of productive forces, so as to continuously cultivate and expand new quality productive forces in the process of economic globalization.
China will unswervingly promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, open up to the outside world on a wider scale, in a wider range of fields and at a deeper level, build a new system of openness at a higher level, actively participate in the global governance system, and promote the joint efforts of all countries to build a community with a shared future for mankind and a community of broad interests.
Fifth, the development of new quality productivity requires people-oriented, shared and inclusive
The concept of shared development in the new development concept theoretically answers the fundamental purpose of socialist economic development, and requires that social fairness and justice be promoted, so that the fruits of development can benefit all people more and more fairly, and that development is for the people, development depends on the people, and the fruits of development are shared by the people. The essence of the concept of shared development is to adhere to the people-centered development philosophy, embody the historical materialism that the people are the fundamental force to promote development, and embody the fundamental socialist principle of gradually realizing common prosperity and the Chinese characteristics of Chinese-style modernization.
Comrade Deng Xiaoping pointed out in his speech in the south in early 1992: "The essence of socialism is to emancipate the productive forces, develop the productive forces, eliminate exploitation, eliminate polarization, and ultimately achieve common prosperity. This profoundly reveals the relationship between the development of productive forces and shared development. The level of development of the productive forces constitutes the material basis for shared development, and the premise for a society to achieve shared development is to have a high level of productive forces, and a higher level of productive forces is needed to achieve common prosperity for all the people, and the future communist society must be built on the basis of highly developed productive forces. However, this is not to say that sharing can only be achieved if the level of productivity in a communist society is reached. The development of productive forces is a dynamic process, and shared development is also a dynamic process. Adhering to the concept of shared development includes not only the realization of "sharing for all" in terms of shared coverage, but also the realization of "joint construction and sharing" in which democracy and everyone participates in the way of sharing and the realization of "gradual sharing" from low level to high level and from unbalanced to balanced in the process of shared development. Therefore, the process of productivity development is compatible with the process of shared development.
Guided by the concept of shared development, the development of new quality productive forces requires adhering to its ultimate goal of the free and all-round development of human beings and the common progress of human society, and practicing the concept of productive force development in which everyone participates, builds by all, and enjoys by all. As the latest form of productive forces, the development of new productive forces is to better meet the people's growing needs for a better life as the fundamental purpose of development, fully embody the people-oriented orientation, and pursue the realization of human value and common prosperity of all people. Especially under the trend of artificial intelligence and digitalization, it is necessary to explore a new quality productivity development model that is intrinsically unified in the context of innovative development, coordinated development and shared development in the context of the digital economy. On the one hand, we should strive to achieve new and major breakthroughs in the innovation of key technologies for new quality productivity, and on the other hand, we should actively prevent and eliminate the digital infrastructure gap between urban and rural areas and between different groups in society, promote the diffusion and application of digital technology in different industries, different regions and different groups to the greatest extent, and promote the skills of workers to better adapt to the progress of digital technology through policy-based education and training, so that the dividends of the digital economy can benefit the public to the greatest extent.
[Huang Qunhui: Member of the Chang'an Street Reading Club, Director of the Institute of Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]
Note: Authorized to publish, this article has been selected and included in the "Chang'an Street Reading Club" theoretical learning platform (People's Daily, People's Political Consultative Conference Daily, Beijing Daily, Xinhuanet, CCTV, National Party Media Information Public Platform, Vision, Beijing Time, Surging Government Affairs, Phoenix News Client "Chang'an Street Reading Club" column synchronization), reprinting must be uniformly marked "Chang'an Street Reading Club" theoretical learning platform source and author.
Editor-in-charge: Qiu Shiyi, preliminary review: Cheng Ziqian, Chen Jiani, re-examination: Li Yufan
Chang'an Avenue live
In order to thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we are now jointly carrying out relevant party building reading and learning activities for the party schools (administrative colleges), cadre colleges, Marxist colleges, and new era civilization practice centers (institutes, stations) where the central and state organs, central enterprises, and provinces, cities, counties (districts) are located. Recently, with the approval of relevant departments, it has been officially agreed that the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and the State Supervision Commission, the Organization Department of the Central Committee, the Working Committee of the Central Committee and State Organs, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the China Securities Regulatory Commission, the State Administration for Market Regulation, the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League and other designated units have joined the "Chang'an Street Reading Club" Party Building Reading Cooperation Mechanism, and jointly undertook the "Chang'an Street Reading Club" series of reading and learning activities.