I happened to see a map on which the same river was marked with two names, "Lancang River" and "Mekong River". Looking at the map carefully, I found that the original place was different, even if it was the same river, it was different. And after learning about it, I realized that there are not a few such cases, and I also knew about the world heritage of "three parallel rivers".
The three rivers here refer to the Jinsha River, the Lancang River and the Nu River.
The Jinsha River is the largest river in mainland China and the third largest river in the world. It is named because the sandy soil in the river is yellow (in history, the Jinsha River is the place where sand gold is produced, and in the history of the Ming Dynasty, Mu's Tusi mined rock gold and sand gold in the area where the three rivers flow together, and paid a large amount of gold to the emperor of the Ming Dynasty. ）。 It is also known as rope water, flooded water, Lushui, Sichuan-Tibet boundary river. The birthplace of the Jinsha River (that is, the birthplace of the Yangtze River) in the 70s of the 20th century was set in the western section of Tanggula Mountain in Qinghai Province. The 2008 survey recommended that the song should be the upper source and the song should be the positive source. (The Yangtze River has many names from its source to its estuary.) The source section is called Naqinqu Tuotuo River and Tongtian River, the upstream is called Jinsha River, the Sichuan River is called below Yibin, and the Yangtze River is called Yangtze River in the estuary section. ）
The Lancang River is a large river in Asia that flows through 6 countries and is the fifth largest river in the mainland. It originates from the Gongzemu Miscellaneous Snow Mountain on the northern slope of the Tanggula Snow Mountain in Qinghai, enters Yunnan from Deqin, and is called the Mekong River after leaving the country (the Lancang River and the Mekong River are the same river. ), passing through Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam, before finally emptying into the South China Sea. It is the largest international river in Southeast Asia, the most important transnational river system in Asia, the seventh longest river in the world, the third longest river in Asia, and the longest river in Southeast Asia. Because there are 9 outlets to the South China Sea from Vietnam, Vietnam calls it the Ciru Long Giang. More than 300 million people live in the basin. Five of ASEAN's 10 member states are located in the Mekong River Basin.
The Nu River is one of the major rivers in southwest China, also known as the Lujiang River, and the upper Tibetan language is called "Naqu River", which originates in Jirepaige, at the southern foot of the Tanggula Mountains on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It penetrates deep into the interior of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, runs diagonally through the plain and shallow valleys of eastern Tibet from northwest to southeast from the first bay of the Nu River, flows southward into Yunnan Province, passes through the Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Baoshan City, and Dehong Dai Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, flows into Myanmar and is renamed the Salween River, and finally flows into the Andaman Sea in the Indian Ocean.
The parallel flow of the three rivers refers to the natural wonder of these three great rivers flowing parallel for hundreds of kilometers without intersecting in the Diqing Tibetan Ziqia Prefecture and the Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture in the northwest of Yunnan Province, China, passing through the deep canyons of the Hengduan Mountains, the Nu Mountains, and the Gaoligong Mountains, during which the shortest straight-line distance between the Lancang River and the Jinsha River is 66 kilometers, and the shortest straight-line distance between the Lancang River and the Nu River is 18.6 kilometers. It is the largest World Heritage Site in China. (The confluence of three rivers is not the same thing as the confluence of three rivers into one river, and the confluence of three rivers is when three rivers flow in parallel for a long distance and then flow into the East China Sea, the South China Sea, and the Indian Ocean, respectively.) ）
The three parallel rivers have jointly nurtured the "riverside culture" for thousands of years
In 1988, the "Three Parallel Rivers" was designated as the second batch of national-level scenic spots. In July 2003, it was inscribed on the World Heritage List in accordance with the natural heritage selection criteria N(I) (IT) (IIT)(IV).
Why are the sources of these three rivers in Tanggula Mountain, and why is there so much water in Tanggula Mountain?
Tanggula Mountain, located in the northeast of China's Tibet Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province border (Qinghai-Tibet Plateau), the eastern section is the boundary mountain between Tibet and Qinghai, and the southeast extends to the Yunling and Nu Mountains of the Hengduan Mountains. Tibetan means "mountain on the plateau", also known as "Dangla Mountain", in Mongolian means "high mountain that eagles can't fly over", is a mountain range in the middle of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau that runs nearly east-west.
The Tanggula Mountains, tall and straight, stretching for thousands of kilometers, are covered with snow all year round, and these snow and ice melt in the summer as the temperature rises, forming a large amount of meltwater. Moreover, Tanggula Mountain is located on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with a towering terrain, forming a strong water vapor cycle. In winter and spring, temperatures in the region are extremely low, while summers are relatively warm and humid. These climatic conditions contribute to the formation of precipitation, including rain, snow and hail, which further increases water resources. On the other hand, glacial meltwater not only flows directly into rivers through surface rivers, but also infiltrates and moves through underground rock formations, forming rich groundwater resources.
Chinese mainland 40 million years ago, the earth's tectonics and crustal movements changed, and the Sanjiang area was originally part of the Tethys Sea in the ancient Mediterranean ———. Due to the northeast drift of the Indian plate and the insertion under the Eurasian plate, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau uplift and the Hengduan Mountains are sharply squeezed, uplifted, and cut through the mountains and rivers, thus forming a unique wonder in the world of three rivers flowing in parallel
From 1911 to 1950, the British botanist and geologist F. Kingdon Ward made eight expeditions to the secret areas of southeastern Tibet, northwest Yunnan, and southwestern Sichuan.
"Three parallel rivers" are such a long distance, why is there no synthesis of one river?
The following two factors:
1. Geological Structure:
The collision of the Indian subcontinent plate with the Eurasian continental plate led to the sharp squeezing and uplift of the Hengduan Mountains. This kind of plate
The folded terrain formed by movement, coupled with the erosion and cutting action of flowing water, forms the topographic characteristics of high mountains and deep valleys. The continuous uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau makes the downward erosion of rivers strong and the lateral erosion weak, which is also one of the important reasons for the formation of the phenomenon of "three parallel rivers".
2. Climatic and environmental factors:
The "three rivers flow in parallel" area are high and the valleys are deep, and the mountains are generally trending
Perpendicular to the southwest monsoon or southeast monsoon, causing the mountains to windward
There is more precipitation on the slope and less precipitation on the leeward slope. This climatic difference progresses
This step exacerbates the topographical features of the river valley, making it difficult for rivers to merge.
Attached: China's top 10 longest rivers:
1: 6,300 kilometers of the Yangtze River
2: 5,464 kilometers of the Yellow River
Three: 4,909 kilometers of the Lancang River
Four: Heilongjiang 4440 kilometers
Five: 3,240 kilometers of Nu River
Six: 2,840 kilometers of the Brahmaputra River
Seven: 2,320 kilometers of the Pearl River
Eight: 2,179 kilometers of Tarim River
Nine: 1,345 kilometers of the Liao River
Ten: 1050 kilometers of Haihe River
At this point, some people think that the Brahmaputra River has the same origin as the Ganges, and that it should be considered a river when it finally merges and flows into the sea, or they are arguing about which is the tributary and which is the main stream. In fact, the origin of the Brahmaputra and the Ganges is related to the Himalayas, but the origin of the Brahmaputra is much simpler, that is, the Jemayangzong Glacier located at the northern foot of the mountain range, and the origin of the Ganges River is not only in the southern foothills of the Himalayas, but also in the Deccan Plateau in southern and central India. Obviously, these two rivers are not the same river, let alone the same river, they have different origins, different areas of flow, including the amount of water reserves.
The Brahmaputra River is more than 2,900 kilometers long, flowing through the southern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the "roof of the world", with a basin area of 935,000 square kilometers, which is an international water system. The Brahmaputra River is 2,057 kilometers long in China, ranking fifth among China's famous rivers, with a basin area of 240,480 square kilometers, ranking sixth in China, and an annual runoff of 140 billion cubic meters, second only to the Yangtze River and the Pearl River, ranking third in China. It originates from the icy mountains on the northern slope of the middle Himalayas at an altitude of more than 5,300 meters, flows from west to east to the southern part of the Tibetan Plateau, and finally flows out of the country near Bashika. The Brahmaputra River is the longest plateau river in China and one of the highest rivers in the world.
The Ganges, also translated as the Ganga River, the Qianga River, and the Gangdis River in Chinese, is a large river in South Asia, originating in the southern foothills of the Himalayas on the Sino-Indian border, and the upper source of the Ganges River is the Bhagirathi River and the Alaknada River, both originating from the southern slope of the western section of the Himalayas, flowing through the Indian states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, After West Bengal, it entered Bangladesh and was renamed the Padma River, meeting the Jamuna River downstream of the Brahmaputra River in Bangladesh, and finally flowing into the Bay of Bengal, and its section into the sea is called the Meghna River. 】
#春日生活打卡季#