1. The masonry wall is constructed without frame eyes
Process method: first weld a T-shaped flat iron at the end of the scaffold steel pipe crossbar, the masonry height to the erection point, and the erection point should be selected at the intersection of the vertical ash joint and the horizontal seam;
2. A new process for supporting structural columns and ring beams without frame eye templates
Process 1:
Φ14 pair bolts (Φ15 PVC plastic pipes) are embedded in the cross-section of the "GZ" formwork support for fixing the formwork, which replaces the frame eye left in the masonry, and improves the overall masonry effect of the wall. Specific construction process operation: "GZ" formwork is made of 12mm thick full-surface plywood, and 3 50mm×80mm usually wooden flutes as a whole, that is, "GZ" uses a stereotyped template on each side. When supporting the formwork, the tie bolt is embedded in the "GZ" section, and each layer on the outside of the end is locked with 4 groups of 50mm×80mm short wooden squares, and the inner yin corner part is usually supported by 100mm×100mm wooden square support. Brick-concrete structure "one" shape and L-shaped corner, T-shaped corner, should use this method. Point me: The dictionary of "Common Quality Problems and Prevention of Safety Hazards" is free of charge.
Process 2:
(1) The combined shaped steel template is adopted, the template is locked with a short steel pipe and a special wall bolt, and the special wall bolt is welded with a steel pipe sleeve or a slotted stop head at one end of the Φ12 steel bar, and the other end is threaded.
(2) When building the wall, the plastic pipe is embedded in the frame eye that is left according to the requirements of the specification, and the plastic pipe is withdrawn after the masonry is completed to form a reserved hole.
(3) Φ12 special bolts are inserted into the reserved hole when supporting the formwork, and the wire end can be tightened with a nut.
Process 3:
Ring beam hard frame formwork support process:
(1) When the wall is built, the Φ16PVC plastic pipe is buried at the brick under the ring beam, and after the masonry is completed, gently rotate the line pipe and pull it out to form a Φ16 mounting hole, with a spacing of 800-1000mm.
(2) Install a special tool made of ∟40×4 angle steel, and wear Φ14 bolts in the mounting hole to fix it.
(3) Install the ordinary composite steel formwork, tighten the bolts and adjust the straightness of the formwork.
Structural column formwork support process:
(1) In masonry construction, at a distance of 240mm from the structural column on the horizontal ash joint, a Φ16mm installation hole is left with a Φ16PVC plastic pipe, and the vertical spacing is not more than 800mm.
(2) After the acceptance of the reinforcement of the structural column, the combined formwork is installed.
(3) Install a special mold made of ∟50×5 angle steel, and fasten it with Φ14 wall bolts.
Process 4:
According to the thickness of the wall, the PVC pipe of the corresponding length is intercepted, the rubber plug head is set at both ends, so that the size of the outer edge of the two plug heads is exactly the cross-sectional size of the concrete component, the tie bolt rod is worn to fix the template when the formwork is supported, the concrete is poured, when the template is removed, the rubber plug head is taken out, and the hole is filled with 1:2 cement mortar. Another method is to prefabricate a 5mm thick flat iron, one end of the flat iron is made into a hook of 5cm long 90 degrees, and when the wall formwork or scaffolding is erected, the flat iron is penetrated into the brick joint embedded in the wall, and the same effect is used with the wall.
Merit:
a. The moldless mold process requires less molding, high mold turnover rate, cost saving, and convenient template installation and disassembly.
b. There are no eyes left on the masonry, which improves the overall strength of the wall.
c. The concrete surface is flat, smooth and consistent in color, which effectively eliminates the common quality problems of concrete slurry and polluting the wall.
d. The process of conventional frame eye is omitted, the labor cost is reduced, and the conditions are created for shortening the construction period.
3. The application of frame beams, columns, and plate joints to shape templates
Method 1: The joints of beams, columns and plates are supported by a combined small steel template and a special-shaped corner template, and sponge strips are placed at the joints of the template. The special-shaped corner template is customized according to the actual situation.
Method 2: Take bamboo plywood to shape the template.
4. Concrete flanging of the bathroom and the overall construction method of cast-in-place concrete on the floor
In order to improve the waterproof performance of the toilet and bathroom, the concrete flanging is required to be poured with the concrete of the floor in the form of hanging formwork.
5. Application technology of sponge strip in formwork engineering
Process method: In the construction of formwork engineering, before the installation of the structural column and ring beam formwork of the brick-concrete structure, paste the soft foam sponge strip or the hard sponge strip with double-sided tape on the wall surface of the lower side of the structural column and the ring beam.
Advantages: It can effectively prevent wall pollution caused by the overflow of concrete cement slurry.
6. The method of brick masonry with inclined roof at the top of the filling wall
Process method: pre-cut the top brick for masonry, so that the upper and lower contact surfaces of the inclined top brick are flat, and the horizontal plane is at an angle of 60 degrees when the masonry is placed obliquely.
Advantages: The upper and lower parts are flat, which ensures that the thickness of the horizontal ash joint of the masonry is about 10mm, and avoids the common quality problem of excessive thickness of the ash joint. The top brick is at an angle of 60 degrees to the horizontal plane, and the masonry is more dense, so that the masonry is better integrated. It avoids the common quality problem of the joint between the contact part of the infill wall and the frame beam after plastering. The construction is convenient, the masonry is neat, and the appearance quality is good.
7. The special-shaped bricks in the masonry adopt cutting or prefabrication construction methods
Process method: The seven-point head used in the wall is generally prefabricated by the brick yard or cut with a toothless saw on the construction site, and the lowest skin brick of the protruding part of the horsetooth brick is also cut into a 45-degree inclined plane with a toothless saw.
Advantages: The lowest skin brick of the protruding part of the horsetooth is cut into a 45-degree inclined plane, which is convenient for concrete pouring and compacting, and improves the visual quality of the wall.
8. Application technology of skin number rod in masonry construction
Process method: The leather number rod is made of 3cm×5cm wood planing, and there is an adjustable base under the skin number rod, and the skin number rod should have clear marks such as ash seams, tendon positions, wall structure changes, etc., and are fixed and stable.
9. The wooden bricks of doors and windows are constructed with precast concrete blocks
The traditional door and window frame fixing method is to pre-embed wooden bricks in the wall, because the wall is now mostly perforated brick masonry, and the wooden bricks are not fixed firmly, now it is changed to precast concrete block, and the cross-sectional size is consistent with the block, and the precast concrete block is built into the position where the wooden bricks were originally placed during the wall masonry, and the door and window frame can be fixed on the precast concrete.
10. The fixing method of the position of the reinforcement of the structural column
At the top of the structural column, a steel bar tic-tac-toe fixed frame is arranged, and the well-shaped frame is fixed together with stirrups on the inner side of the reinforcement skeleton, so that the spacing of the main reinforcement of the structural column is ensured, and the tool-type well-shaped frame is used in turnover, and the displacement of the steel bar in the process of concrete pouring and vibration can be effectively prevented. The reinforced tic-tac-toe frame is made according to the size of the structural column. Φ8 or Φ10 steel bars are spot welded into tic-tac-toe brackets with electric welding machines. The two sides of the tic-tac-toe frame are close to the brick wall, and the other two sides are close to the template, so ensure that the size is accurate before installation. After the tic-tac-toe frame is placed, it is tied to the reinforcement of the structural column together with the stirrups, and finally the formwork is installed. Point me: The dictionary of "Common Quality Problems and Prevention of Safety Hazards" is free of charge.
11. Anti-pollution practices for steel reinforcement projects
Before pouring concrete, the PVC plastic pipe is sleeved on the column reinforcement (the root of the pipe is the concrete pouring elevation), which can effectively prevent the cement slurry from exposing the column reinforcement, and is convenient for concrete construction.
12. The construction joint retention construction practice of the stair slab
Construction practice: when staircase formwork, according to the construction specification, the stair tread construction joint should be left in the staircase cast-in-place floor span within one-third of the range, the stair tread construction joint crosses the lower part of the template, the root steel bar spacing and specifications are slotted, the stuck steel bar is not displaced and perpendicular to the bottom mold, and a steel bar or plastic cushion block consistent with the thickness of the protective layer is paddled under the main reinforcement of the bottom plate, which is used to ensure the thickness of the protective layer of the main reinforcement of the bottom plate.
13. Concrete curing technology for cast-in-place columns
Process practice: after the concrete is poured, effective maintenance measures should be taken in a timely manner according to the construction technical plan, which should be covered and moisturized within 12 hours, and the concrete cured by watering should be able to keep the concrete in a wet state by watering the number of times, and the curing water should be the same as the mixing water. When the concrete surface is inconvenient for watering or using plastic sheeting, it is advisable to apply curing agent.
14. Stair tread yang angle protection technology
Process practice: The height and width of the stair tread are constructed in strict accordance with the design requirements. The sunny corner of the stair tread is provided with a long finished copper or plastic angle strip, angle steel, a steel bar with a diameter of 6mm, the corner strip is buried in the surface layer when plastering, so that the corner strip is flat and consistent with the outer surface of the surface layer, and the upper plane of the outer end of the stair tread is provided with inlaid veneer brick water retaining edge, and a drip groove is arranged below.
15. The floor brick at the floor drain is cut on all sides to find the slope and obey the practice
Process practice: when the floor of the bathroom and kitchen floor is sloped and paved with floor tiles, the floor drain should be sloped on all sides according to the design requirements, and the floor tiles at the circular floor drain or square floor drain should be divided into four, cut diagonally, and find the slope paving. The traditional practice of floor tiles at the floor drain is that the edges and corners of the whole brick are protruding or concave, which affects the visual effect and drainage quality. After the original construction method is improved, the drainage quality is improved, the slope phenomenon is prevented, and the visual effect is increased.
16. The construction method of inlaying plastic strips at the upper mouth of the baseboard
Process Practice:
(1) After the screed is completed, clean the wall and sprinkle water to moisten.
(2) Wall pasting cakes and elastic lines.
(3) Hang the line with 1:2 cement mortar or stucco gypsum powder inlaid with plastic strips.
(4) Wipe the corner.
(5) Follow-up construction.
Advantages: The inner kicking angle line adopts a new type of line, the line color separation is clear, reduces mutual pollution, and also avoids the trouble caused by the later decoration of the residential project where the dark kicking angle line is handed over to the wall.
17. Prevent the construction practice of ground brick uplifting
Before paving the floor tiles, paste 8~10mm thick benzene board along the perimeter of the wall to form an elastic contact surface between the wall and the floor. The ground tile jointing material is made of cement fly ash joint, the joint width is 3~5mm, and the ratio is 1:2.
18. Indoor wall brick sticking base brushing construction practice
Special plastering tools are used to paste the base layer of ceramic tiles, and a flat groove with a width of 3mm is launched or other effective brushing measures are taken. The adhesive layer is firmly pasted to prevent the tile from hollowing, and the effect is remarkable.
19. Anti-leakage practice at the root of the upper and lower water pipelines
Process method: Before the kitchen and bathroom floor is made as a leveling layer, a fine stone concrete arc slope is made at the root of the pipe. During waterproof construction, a waterproof additional layer is made, and the waterproof layer is 20mm below the ground surface layer. The bottom of the PVC pipe should be made of plastic casing, with a net height of 20mm, and the inner diameter is 25~40mm larger than the outer diameter of the drainage pipe.
Advantages: The waterproof layer directly achieves the position of the water blocking platform, which eliminates the common problem of pipe root leakage and the pipe root is beautiful and tidy.
20. New technology for reserved holes and plugging holes in upper and lower water level risers
Process Practice:
(1) Make a simple hole plugging mold with iron plate.
(2) Install the mold with the riser as the support.
(3) Pouring hole concrete.
(4) Dismantle the mold, clean it, brush the oil, and store it.
Advantages: The mold is easy to make, quick to install, stable, easy to dismantle, can be used in turnover, and can eliminate the common problems of plugging hole expansion mold and unequal quality of pipe roots.
21. The method of fixing the wooden door frame of the rear plug
Construction Practices:
(1) The length and width of the plastering requirements at the door must be accurate, according to the size of the door and window openings after plastering, each side reserves 1.5~2mm gap to determine the size of the wooden door frame.
(2) The wooden door frame is temporarily fixed after vertical leveling, and then the Φ6 round hole is vertically punched along the length of the wooden door frame with a percussion drill, and the depth of the round hole into the wall is not less than 70mm, and the number of fixed points is required according to the specification.
(3) Cut the Φ6.5 steel bar into 105mm long, cut one end obliquely, and then drive it into the wall with a hammer, and the other end is embedded in the wooden frame surface 1~2mm.
(4) After filling the joints between the wooden frame and the wall with elastic materials, it is closed with seam glue.
Merit:
(1) It saves the wood of reserved wood bricks and improves the installation firmness of wooden door frames.
(2) Ensure the flatness of plastering on both sides of the wooden door frame.
(3) It avoids the pollution and damage caused by plastering of the Xian'an wooden door frame, which is conducive to the protection of the finished product.
22. Construction practices to prevent wall cracks
In order to prevent or alleviate the common quality problem of wall cracking, 60mm thick horizontal and vertical cast-in-place reinforced concrete belts or window sill lower pressure reinforcement and other construction technical measures are set at the elevation of the first floor and the top layer of the masonry, which can effectively prevent wall cracks.
23. Vacuum water absorption construction technology for cast-in-situ large-area plane concrete
Process method: pave the suction pad on the concrete surface after pouring, vibrating and leveling, and start the vacuum equipment to suck out the free water from the concrete.
Advantages: Concrete vacuum water absorption is an advanced technology to speed up the construction progress, which shortens the construction period and accelerates the construction progress while improving the strength of concrete.
24. Masonry masonry adopts the method of scraping joints with original slurry
The traditional wall sweeping process is omitted, and the method of raw pulp jointing with masonry is adopted.
25. Concrete shear wall and column formwork reinforcement construction practice
When the concrete shear wall and column formwork are erected, the tension bolt with PVC pipe and plastic plug head is used to strengthen the formwork, which effectively prevents the slurry running and leakage in the process of concrete pouring and vibration, and can easily extract the screw, which improves the screw turnover rate. At the same time, a bell mouth is formed at the plug head, which is more convenient for the plugging of the bolt hole.
26. Planting and application method after pulling knot tendons
In the masonry of the infill wall of the frame structure, the tie bar at the junction of the infill wall and the frame column is popularized by the construction practice of post-planting method of structural glue, which changes the traditional practice of embedding iron parts and steel bars in the column, so as to ensure the accuracy of the position and elevation of the tie bar. Point me: The dictionary of "Common Quality Problems and Prevention of Safety Hazards" is free of charge.
27. The application technology of stucco gypsum instead of cement mortar or mixed mortar in indoor plastering project
Construction practice: stucco gypsum is divided into the bottom layer of stucco gypsum and the surface layer of stucco gypsum, the bottom layer of stucco gypsum is used for plastering the wall of the base, leveling, the thickness depends on the flatness and verticality of the base, can cover the base layer, the thinnest part is not less than 5mm. The operation method is the same as the cement mortar plastering method, and it can also be mechanically stirred, sprayed, and then manually scraped and leveled, and the surface layer is used to cover the surface of the screed layer, and a thin layer is scraped with a steel trowel to enable the sand pit on the surface of the screed layer to be filled, and the surface can be smooth, and the thickness is about 1~2mm.
Advantages: The plastering layer of water mortar or mixed mortar is prone to common quality problems such as hollowing and cracks in the construction, and at the same time, after delivery, due to the shrinkage and deformation of cement, cracks appear in the plastering surface layer. The stucco gypsum has good characteristics such as early strength, fast hardening, fire prevention, thermal insulation, strong adhesion, automatic adjustment of indoor humidity, and delicate and comfortable surface appearance and feel. Because it has a slight expansion and a large cohesion, it can effectively prevent plastering cracks, peeling and falling off, and at the same time, the requirements for the plastering base are not high, and it can be directly plastered without coating any interface agent or cement slurry on the surface of the base layer.
28. New process of cold-drawn chrome plating of stair railings
Process method: adopt the new process of cold-drawn chrome plating of stair railings, and use the steel bar that is 4mm thicker than the diameter of the original design steel bar to form the diameter of the design steel bar and then chrome plating.
Advantages: The stair railing is made of round steel and directly chrome plating, which often has shortcomings such as rough surface, poor brightness and easy rust. After adopting this process, the finish, brightness and rust resistance of the railing can be greatly improved.
29. The yang corner part of the plastering surface layer of the decoration project adopts the construction method of inlaying the L-shaped yang angle strip
Construction practice: after completing the construction of the plastering screed layer according to the design requirements, paste the L-shaped yang angle strip to the yang angle part, use the method of hanging the line to control and check the quality of pasting, require the full length of the yang angle strip to hang the paste and be fully sticky, allow intermittent pasting, and the surface layer plastering is replaced by the yang angle instead of the ash tendon, and the sharp corner of the yang angle strip is smoothed. If plastering is done with plaster materials, you can directly paste the L-shaped yang angle line to the yang corner part, and then wipe the surface.
Classification of Yang Angle Bar:
1. Plastic corner strips used for plastering walls such as walls, columns, beams, doors and windows;
2. Sunny corner strip for tile wall.
Merit:
1. After the yang angle line is inlaid in the yang angle part, the angle line is straight, obvious, beautiful and the overall effect is excellent.
2. During the construction operation, the positive angle line is used instead of the ash bar, which is more convenient for the operation of the operator and ensures the control of the plastering quality.
3. It can effectively protect the yang corner.
30. Scraping paint construction practice for wooden door leaves
Process Practice:
(1) Clean up the grassroots level
(2) Scrape the oil
(3) Scrape and batch putty
(4) Grinding and smoothing
(5) Painting
(6) Patch putty
(7) Grinding is smooth and smooth
(8) Paint and scrape
(9) Fine grinding
(10) Paint, and then scrape and scrape with a large board according to the drying situation.
Advantages: The large slab scraping process is used to make the paint surface smooth and smooth, bright, consistent in color, thick in texture, and also eliminate common quality problems such as whiskering and falling.
31. Application technology of whole wire boom in installation engineering
Material characteristics: The whole wire boom is a first-class round steel in the factory for full rod threading, galvanized finished rods. At the construction site, it can be intercepted according to the length of use, and then a nut, washer, expansion pipe and internal expansion bolt are installed at one end of the screw rod to form a self-expanding anchor end, so as to play the role of having a suspension boom.
Advantages: The process is easy to operate on site, fast to install, and has good quality after installation.
32. The hot-dip galvanized pipe adopts groove connection technology
Process practice: hot-dip galvanized pipe to promote groove connection technology, the technology uses high-quality rubber sealing ring, the joint is high-strength corrosion-resistant ductile iron, the life exceeds the pipe itself, the flange of the groove joint and the groove ring around the pipe end are toothed, and then locked with high-strength bolts.
Advantages: The technology has the advantages of easy operation, fast installation speed, no need for secondary galvanizing and rust removal, convenient maintenance in the later stage, and saves 10%~20% of the total construction cost compared with the traditional connection technology.
33. Application technology of centrifugal cast iron pipe in drainage pipeline
The centrifugal cast iron pipe has a dense structure, thin pipe wall, light weight, and the interface is connected by stainless steel clamp and rubber ring, which is convenient for loading and unloading. Compared with socket cast iron pipes and PVC pipes, it has the characteristics of easy maintenance, anti-leakage, anti-corrosion, anti-aging, noise reduction and long service life.
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