1. What materials are generally used in stamping dies?
The general stamping dies are made of:
Upper and lower supporting plates, upper and lower feet, upper and lower mold bases: generally made of A3, Q235 and other "soft materials", which play the role of supporting the entire mold, facilitating the frame mold, blanking, etc.
Upper and lower templates: upper and lower templates play the role of fixed knife edges, blocks, subs, ejector pins, etc., external positioning, internal positioning, floating guide pins, dual-purpose pins, guide plates, floating blocks are also fixed on the lower template, the hardness requirements of the lower template must be about HRC58~62, and the hardness is too low will affect the punching quality. THE THICKNESS IS GENERALLY 25~40MM. Some knife edges are cut directly on the template, that is, the knife edge is directly dug on the template, if the knife edge is missing, broken, worn, and there is a burr edge, it is not good to repair the mold; there is also a practice of digging into the block, that is, the knife edge is dug on a block (the block is used to be called "the knife edge of the lower die"), and then the knife edge of the lower die is loaded into the lower template. THE HEIGHT SHOULD BE GUARANTEED TO BE AS HIGH AS THE LOWER TEMPLATE, AND THE ERROR SHOULD BE WITHIN PLUS OR MINUS 1~2, PREFERABLY WITHIN PLUS OR MINUS 0.005MM, WHICH CAN BE ACHIEVED BY THE GENERAL GRINDER MASTER OR FITTER MASTER. Too much will mark the product (molding).
The upper and lower backing plates, the backing plates are generally made of CR12. According to the need, the thickness of the upper and lower backing plates of each set of molds is different, look at the punching force, if the punching hole is less, the upper and lower backing plates can be appropriately made thinner 8~10MM, if the punching holes are more, it is necessary to make a thicker one, generally about 17~20MM. The lower backing plate is mainly blanking holes, spring vias, screw vias, guide pillar ventilation holes, etc.
THE UPPER AND LOWER SPLINTS, THE UPPER AND LOWER SPLINTS ARE MAINLY USED TO FIX PUNCHES, PUNCHES AND GUIDE PILLARS, GENERALLY 17~20MM. The hardness of the material of the stamping die splint generally does not need to be particularly high, and the soft material can be used generally, but it is not good if it is too soft, and it may pull the hanging table of the punch directly into the splint and break the splint. Therefore, when designing a stamping die, it is necessary to consider the structure of the die, the selection of the mold material, the tonnage of the selected punch, the size of the punching gap, etc., from the punching process of the workpiece to be processed, so as to make the burr of the finished workpiece smaller and prolong the service life of the die.
Baffle plate, stripper plate, etc., CR12 can be used for baffle plate, but the stripper plate must use hard material such as CR12MOV. The baffle plate and the stripper plate are locked together by M6 or M8 screws to tie the pin, and the baffle plate is mainly some vias, punch vias, guide pillar vias, etc. The stripper plate mainly plays the role of stripping, pressing and correcting the punch. Generally, we use strippers to guide punches, guide pillars, and punches. In the case of aluminum production, because the aluminum chips are easy to jump into the stripping plate, the punch is brushed, or the punch is stuck, the punch is broken, and the stripper is pulled out of the stripper, etc., so the stop plate must be used to guide the punch, and the stripper plate is appropriately enlarged by 10~20 on one side; or the stripper plate is made of two sections, the upper section is used to correct, and the lower section is also unilaterally enlarged by 10~20. THE GENERAL THICKNESS OF THE BAFFLE PLATE IS 8~17 MM, WHICH IS ALSO BASED ON THE NUMBER OF PUNCHING HOLES AND THE SIZE OF THE FORCE TO BE SUBJECTED, AND THE GENERAL THICKNESS OF THE STRIPPER PLATE IS 20~25MM.
Dies, punches, also known as punches or knife edges, are used to wash away excess material, cut off, or cut, puncture, and stretch. Such as: stretching punch, bending punch, slider insertion, salad punch, convex bag punch, budding punch, riveting die riveting punch and so on...... The hardness of the die punch material is higher, and the commonly used die punch materials are: CR12MO1V1, CR12MOV, SKD-51, SKD-11, W6MO5CR4V2 (tungsten steel), etc......
Second, what materials are usually used for stamping dies
1. Carbon tool steel
The carbon tool steels that are more used in the mold are T8A, T10A, etc., which have the advantages of good processing performance and low price. However, the hardenability and red hardness are poor, the heat treatment deformation is large, and the bearing capacity is low.
2. Low-alloy tool steel
Low-alloy tool steel is based on carbon tool steel with an appropriate amount of alloying elements. Compared with carbon tool steel, it reduces quenching deformation and cracking tendency, improves the hardenability of steel, and has better wear resistance. The low-alloy steels used to make molds are Crwmn, 9MN2V, 7CRSIMNMOV (code CH-1), 6CRNISIMNMOV (code Gd), etc.
3. High-carbon and high-chromium tool steel
The commonly used high-carbon and high-chromium tool steels are CR12 and CR12MOV, CR12MO1V1 (code D2), which have good hardenability, hardening and wear resistance, and the heat treatment deformation is very small, which is a high wear-resistant micro-deformation die steel, and the bearing capacity is second only to high-speed steel. However, the carbide segregation is serious, and repeated upsetting (axial upsetting, radial pulling) reforging must be carried out to reduce the inhomogeneity of carbide and improve the use performance.
4. High-carbon medium chromium tool steel
The high-carbon medium-chromium tool steels used for molds include CR4W2MOV, CR6WV, CR5MOV, etc., which have low chromium content, less eutectic carbides, uniform carbide distribution, small heat treatment deformation, and good hardenability and dimensional stability. Compared to high-carbon, high-chromium steels where carbide segregation is relatively severe, the performance is improved.