The performance and use of stamping die materials
Due to the different working conditions of various types of stamping dies, the requirements for the materials of the working parts of the molds are also different.
1. Requirements for punching die material
For the working parts of the thin plate punching die, the material is required to have high wear resistance and hardness, and the thick plate punching die is required to have high wear resistance, compressive yield point, in order to prevent the die from breaking or chipping, it should also have high breaking resistance, high bending strength and toughness.
2. Requirements for the material of the drawing die
The material of the mold working parts is required to have good anti-adhesion (anti-seizure), high wear resistance and hardness, certain strength and toughness, and good cutting performance, and the deformation should be small during heat treatment.
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3. Requirements for cold extrusion die material
The mold working parts are required to have high strength and hardness, high wear resistance, and a certain toughness is also required to avoid impact breakage. Since there is a large increase in temperature during extrusion, it should also have a certain resistance to heat fatigue and heat hardness
11.2.2 Types and characteristics of stamping die materials
The materials used to manufacture stamping dies include steel, cemented carbide, steel-bonded cemented carbide, zinc-based alloys, low melting point alloys, aluminum bronze, polymer materials, and so on. At present, most of the materials used to manufacture stamping dies are mainly steel, and the types of materials commonly used for die working parts are: carbon tool steel, low alloy tool steel, high carbon high chromium or medium chromium tool steel, medium carbon alloy steel, high speed steel, matrix steel and cemented carbide, steel-bonded cemented carbide and so on.
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- Carbon tool steel
The carbon tool steels that are more used in the mold are T8A, T10A, etc., which have the advantages of good processing performance and low price. However, the hardenability and red hardness are poor, the heat treatment deformation is large, and the bearing capacity is low.
2. Low-alloy tool steels
Low-alloy tool steel is based on carbon tool steel with an appropriate amount of alloying elements. Compared with carbon tool steel, it reduces quenching deformation and cracking tendency, improves the hardenability of steel, and has better wear resistance. The low-alloy steels used to make molds are Crwmn, 9MN2V, 7CRSIMNMOV (code CH-1), 6CRNISIMNMOV (code Gd), etc.
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3. High-carbon and high-chromium tool steels
The commonly used high-carbon and high-chromium tool steels are CR12 and CR12MOV, CR12MO1V1 (code D2), which have good hardenability, hardening and wear resistance, and the heat treatment deformation is very small, which is a high wear-resistant micro-deformation die steel, and the bearing capacity is second only to high-speed steel. However, the carbide segregation is serious, and repeated upsetting (axial upsetting, radial pulling) must be carried out to reduce the inhomogeneity of carbide and improve the use performance.
4. High-carbon medium chromium tool steel
The high-carbon medium chromium tool steels used for molds include CR4W2MOV, CR6WV, CR5MOV, etc., which have low chromium content, less eutectic carbide, uniform carbide distribution, small heat treatment deformation, and good hardenability and dimensional stability. Compared to high-carbon, high-chromium steels where carbide segregation is relatively severe, the performance is improved