Cold work die steel and its heat treatment
Cold work dies are mainly used for blanking, stretching, bending and other processes of metal or non-metallic materials. The working parts are subjected to a variety of mechanical forces such as tension and compression, bending, impact, fatigue, friction, etc.
Main failure modes: fracture, collapse, wear, adhesion (occlusion), gnawing, softening, etc.
The main performance requirements of cold work die steel: high deformation resistance, fracture resistance, wear resistance, fatigue resistance, and adhesion resistance
Commonly used materials include:
碳素工具钢，T10A，T12A
低合金钢，9MN2V、Crwmn、9SICR、GCR15
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高合金钢，CR12、CR12MOV
The main characteristics of alloy steel: Martensite phase transformation point Ms with high C content, more alloying elements, and lower alloying elements
Cold work die steel and its heat treatment
Characteristics of cold work die steel heat treatment: heating method (preheating or stepped heating), heating medium (using controlled atmosphere furnace, vacuum furnace), cooling method (gentle cooling method to reduce deformation), surface treatment (cryogenic treatment, nitriding), inter-process protection (timely cleaning)
Heat treatment of carbon tool steel: used for small simple cold work mold working parts with not too high requirements, (T8a, T10a), T10A is the most widely used, with high strength and toughness. CARBON TOOL STEEL HAS POOR HARDENABILITY, AND THE HARDENED LAYER IS 1.5~3.0MM AFTER CONVENTIONAL QUENCHING.
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Heat treatment of low-alloy steel: commonly known as oil-quenched steel, this type of steel generally has a low quenching temperature, cools in oil, has small deformation and good dimensional stability.
主要材料有：鉻钨锰钢（Crwmn，9crwmn），锰钒钢（9MN2V），高碳鉻钢（CR2），鉻硅钢（9SICR）
Heat treatment of high-alloy steel: mainly high-alloy and high-carbon steel, with extremely high hardenability and micro-deformation, also known as micro-deformation steel, is a high-grade cold work steel.
代表钢号CR12，CR12MOV，CR12W，CR5MOV等
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Heat treatment of flame quenching cold work die steel: specially developed to simplify the production process of large and extra-large cold work molds, its heat treatment characteristics are: quenching temperature range is very wide (880-1150 °C), suitable for manual operation; The hardenability is very high, the surface hardness is high after air cooling, and the core performance is also good; The tendency of quenching deformation is small.
The difference between cold work die steel and hot work die steel: cold work die steel focuses on hardness and wear resistance. The carbon content is high, and the alloying elements are mainly to increase hardenability and improve wear resistance. Hot work die steel has appropriate hardness requirements, focusing on red hardness, thermal conductivity, and wear resistance. Therefore, the carbon content is low, and the alloying elements are mainly to increase hardenability, improve wear resistance and red hardness.