#我来唠家常#
▲ Old streets and alleys. Photo by Yang Jun
-The Legend of the Gentleman of Things-
By asking the people of Yi about the sinking of water, it has been thousands of years in the Qin and Han dynasties
"It's hard to walk! It's hard to walk!"
The Chu and Han dynasties competed, the "three points of land", natural disasters flooded the city, and the northerners moved south...... It's hard to imagine that these labels actually converge in a small place in Anhui - Chaohu Lake.
▲ 巢湖红石嘴公园。 摄影/sunsystem
What is so special about her? The glory and sorrow in it all start from tens of thousands of years ago.
The last sad song of the overlord of Western Chu
Chaohu Lake, the name is legendary. She has recorded the development and evolution of human beings, witnessed the birth and implementation of urban planning ideas, participated in the fall and replacement of many dynasties, and accompanied the rise and end of historical heroes.
The initial "story" benefited from her geography. It is located in the intersection of the north and south biota, with water areas all over the place, mountains but not high, rich and diverse species resources, and is an ideal place for human survival.
▲ Chaohu Scattered Soldiers Qingshuitang Ancient Spring, the environment can be said to be very good. Photo by Yang Jun
Because of this, many ancient humans chose this place as a place of activity. According to research, the Hexian ape people here can compete with the Lantian people who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago this year; the Yinping Man ruins record the development stage of human beings from "Homo erectus - Homo sapiens"; the ancient culture of Hanshan Lingjiatan made one of the earliest cities in China 5,000 years ago "see the sun through the clouds", the ruins not only have ordinary residential areas and courtyard areas, but also specially set up tomb areas and gathering and sacrificial areas, which have the primary level of urban "planning", and the subtlety of the jade making process that appears in them is admired by modern experts.
▲ I don't know if the ape will be beautiful by this morning light. Photo by Zhao Zhong
The stories and accidents of the rise and fall of national dynasties are also well known in this land.
"Justice Bracket Chronicles" records, "There is Chaohu Lake in Chao County, Luzhou, that is, "Shangshu" 'Cheng Tang Felling Tree, put it in Nanchao', the battle of Mingtiao defeated the Xia army, Xia Wei fled, and died in Nanchao, thus the Xia Dynasty collapsed.
According to Jin Du pre-said in the "Zuo Biography", "Nest, Wu and Chu effect, there is a nest city in the east of the six counties of Lujiang", the former Chaohu City is located at the junction of Wu and Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period, guarding the east and west, and is the throat of the north-south passage. "Tens of thousands of stones of county rice are exported to Yangzhou, and the wheels are successively discharged, out of Chaohu Lake, into the river", King Chu Huai regards it as an important post station on the business line, Bantang Town, Chaohu City, in the Western Zhou Dynasty is the transit place for copper materials from the south to the north. With such a status, how can it not lead to the struggle between countries in the old days.
▲ Chaohu Hongshizui Park. Photo by Ji Xueyun
Originally, this place was still a nest country, when Wu and Chu contended, they first surrendered to Chu, and then the king of Wu sent troops, surrounded the nest land, destroyed the nest city, and captured the prince of Chu here. The inscription of the ancient Zhaoguan in Hanshan County also records the famous general Wu Zixu of the Chu State in order to escape the pursuit, "passing the Zhaoguan overnight rush whitehead" situation, if there is no escape, there will be no wonderful story with Fan Li and Gou Jian.
Chaohu City, which "once produced nine dukes and eighteen marquis", was not blown. Among them, the most famous is Yafu Fan Zeng's nest, auxiliary Chu anti-Qin, more dramatic, Chu and Han rivalry in Chaohu City and the county Wujiang River side to draw an end, the West Chu overlord Xiang Yu Wujiang self-slaughtering song and now the melodious bell of the county overlord temple as if time and space travel intertwined coexist.
▲ Huanglin Touzui on the south bank of Chaohu Lake, many stories here are related to water. Photo/Visual China
After that, Chaohu Lake is also full of presence, the Three Kingdoms have Yuan Shu appointed Zhou Yu as the head of the nest, and Cao Cao Siyue Chaohu is not successful. Chaohu Lake in the Song Dynasty became an important place for the north and the south to compete for, and it was said that "building a boat Chaohu Lake to invade Jiangzuo", and Zhao Shanjun, a general of the Southern Song Dynasty's resistance to Jin, pointed out that "Hefei is in danger of Chaohu Lake, so as to pass".
Even Li Hongzhang at the end of the Qing Dynasty lamented that "the danger of Anhui is the lake", and the Chinese Huai Army, which made outstanding contributions to the major battles in the follow-up, was organized and trained in the waters of Chaohu Lake.
The general trend of the world is just a matter of division and integration
In 2011, the prefecture-level Chaohu City was "divided into three", with the Chaohu District as the main Chaohu City, and the Chaohu City was set up as the county-level Chaohu City, and was assigned to Hefei together with Lujiang County, which allowed Hefei to be one of the five freshwater lakes Chaohu Lake surrounded by it, Wuwei County and Shenxiang Town of He County were merged into Wuhu, and He County (except Shenxiang Town) and Hanshan County were governed by Ma'anshan.
▲ Suddenly become a little brother? Cartography / Paprika
Since then, in addition to the name of the lake, the name Chaohu Lake refers to the county-level Chaohu City.
The adjustment of the administrative division is not the first time that the county-level Chaohu City and Hefei City have been combined.
▲ After the merger, the goods of the two places do have a larger market. Photo/Visual China
After Qin Shi Huang unified the six countries, the county system was implemented, and there are five counties in today's Chaohu City, including Lugao County, Juchao County, and Xiang'an County, which belong to Jiujiang County. During the Qin and Han dynasties, Juchao County was not the location of Chaohu City at the county level today, and the jurisdiction of the Tongxian County Administrative Region to which it belonged at that time was too extensive, involving Anhui, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi and other places, so it could not be said to be divided and merged.
During the Three Kingdoms and Jin Dynasty, due to the frequent and complex regional adjustments at that time, their relationship also changed from time to time. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Chaohu City was subordinate to Hefei for the first time in history, and their names were Qi (Chaohu City) and Hezhou (Hefei City) at that time.
▲ People who cross the river may not care about separation. Photo by Yang Jun
During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the two of them were also "entangled" most of the time. In the Sui Dynasty, Hezhou was changed to Luzhou, and Xiang'an (now Chaohu City) was changed to Lujiang County. In the Tang Dynasty, the names of Chaozhou and Chaoxian appeared for the first time, although in the years of Wude and Zhenguan, Chaohu City experienced a series of adjustments such as merging the two counties and changing the name of the county, but it was generally under Hefei. During the Two Song Dynasty, Chaoxian was no longer subordinate to Luzhou, but became under the command of the Wuwei Army at the same level as Luzhou, and was upgraded to the Zhenchao Army in the later period.
In the three dynasties of the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the affiliation between Chaohu City and Hefei City at the county level has hardly changed. After the twenty-fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1364 AD), Chao County was again subordinated to Hefei County. In the Ming Dynasty, Luzhou was the administrative district of Tongxian County, and its governing office was always in Hefei County, and Chao County was subordinate to Wuwei Prefecture under its rule. In the Qing Dynasty, although Chao County was adjusted to the same level as Wuwei Prefecture, it was still subordinate to Luzhou Prefecture.
▲ Chaohu Gaolin River is still changing with the times, and it flows freely. Photo by Yang Jun
It can be seen that the period of "lingering" between Chaohu City and Hefei at the county level is mostly a time when the situation was stable and prosperous in ancient times, although it is impossible to know the detailed reasons for this plan of various dynasties, but it can also be speculated that Chaohu City has probably played a positive role in the social and economic development of Hefei.
"The dragon king is angry" and sinks the place
In addition to "fighting, killing, and merging", a water capital city at the bottom of Chaohu Lake has aroused people's infinite reverie for "Trapping Chaozhou and Changlu Prefecture", which has cast a veil of mystery over Chaohu Lake.
This has to start from Chaohu Lake, "Luohu" first appeared in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, probably to distinguish the place name "Chao" and the name of the Yi "鄛", and dedicated to the lake name, later simplified to "Chaohu". It is bordered by the remaining veins of the Dabie Mountains in the west, the Jianghuai watershed in the north, and the Yuxi River in the south to join the Yangtze River.
▲ There are countless small rivers around Chaohu Lake. Cartography / Paprika
In 2001, cultural relics lovers discovered that a large number of pottery shards had been piled up on the beach of Tangjiazui along Hubin Avenue in Chaohu Lake. After questioning the villagers, it was found that they also often found pottery, jade, silver and other items here. Judging from the collected coins, there are jade axes and stone adzes from the Shang and Zhou dynasties (or the late New Era), ant nose coins from Chu during the Warring States Period, as well as Qin half taels and Han five baht, and the latest is Dabu Huangqian in the Western Han Dynasty.
The distribution range of the cultural relics can extend to 4 kilometers away from the lake, and a large number of bricks and tiles have been found. Lu Longteng, who edited "Chaohu Chronicles", also wrote, "In the winter of the seventh year of Kangxi, the lake dried up. There are Luxizui grain transport soldiers in the southeast of it more than ten miles to see the big bricks in the lake in the soil, digging tens of thousands of bricks in the ancient city, in the county, its land and Gaolin opposite".
▲ The jade artifacts on display in the Chaohu Museum and the jade seal "Seal of Lu Ke" more than 2,000 years ago, don't think about going to the lake to pick up treasures now. Photo/Visual China
In the Qin and Han dynasties, bricks and tiles were the privileges of noble places, and there was a saying of "Qin bricks and Han tiles". The existence of "Guo" was also found in the underwater nest city, according to the "building the city to defend the monarch, building Guo to protect the people", if it does not have an important political function, it is a highly defensive military fortress. According to analysis, the scale of this high-grade residential site is probably between Bo and Hou.
The Tang Dynasty poet Luo Yin passed through Chaohu Lake and left a poem of "Asking the people of Yi about sinking water, it has been thousands of years in the Qin and Han dynasties". Why did such a city fall to the bottom of the lake? Folklore has it that because people angered the dragon king, Chaozhou City was sunk into the water. Chaohu Lake, also known as Jiaohu Lake, is also because when Chaozhou fell, the villager named Jiao Mu sacrificed himself to save others, so the lake was named "Jiao", and the mountain in the lake was named Laoshan.
▲ Swipe left and right to view the panoramic view of Laoshan Island, the two small islands in the distance are shaped like shoes, so they are called Shoe Mountain. Photo by Shi Yaochen
The real reason for this is largely inseparable from a series of "accidents" caused by nature and man-made.
Chaohu Lake has a geographical memory of "uneven dryness and wetness" in history, and what Yin Shida of the Ming Dynasty has seen and heard in the "Chaoxian Chronicles", "The father said that the lake is dry and Chaozhou is now, how can it be the report of drought in this year, and the mirage is a cloud for the tower?...... The west of Laoshan was formerly known as Chaohu, and the east of Laoshan was called Chaozhou". This alternation of wet and dry seasons causes the lake to rise and fall, and the lake surface to expand and contract, which is very easy to cause flooding during the wet season.
In addition, in order to resist Cao's army, Sun Wu built the Dongxing embankment, flooded the upstream area, and built a new city in Hefei, laying a hidden danger for the "trapped Chaozhou". From the name of Zhegao Town (ancient as "Lugao") located in the northeast of Chaohu Lake, we can also know one or two, "Lu" is onomatopoeia, "Gao" is the meaning of the waterside highland. Nowadays, it is the embankment (i.e., Binhu Avenue) built in the northeast of the lake that blocks the extension of Chaohu Lake to the east and northeast.
▲ Swipe left and right, 3 angles to see the temple in Chaohu Lake. Photo by Shi Yaochen
Immediately followed by the records of the surrounding areas of Chaozhou, "on the first and twenty-seventh days of the first month of the second year of Chiwu (239), the earth shook", "In the second year of Chiwu, the wind and rain suddenly worked overnight, such as ten thousand horses galloping, Xiao Shi, and the temple was facing east". This scene is probably a sudden flood caused by the rain in the sky, the water of the Misu River being blocked by the Dongxing embankment, the earthquake blessing, the ground crack and sinking in Chaozhou, and sleeping in the water forever.
The "karma and coincidence" of these series finally "Chaohu Chronicles" cloud, "The lake fell into the 23rd day of July in the second year of Wu Chiwu".
▲ Chaohu Hongshizui Park, which is also one of the water conservancy projects in Chaohu Lake. Photo by Ji Xueyun
As for why "Changluzhou", it is because the Fengle River and Hangbu River originating from Dabie Mountain, carrying a large amount of sediment, continue to accumulate in the southwest of Chaohu Lake, expanding the land area of Luzhou (now Hefei), so it is named.
One falls, one grows, and Chaohu Lake connects the two things in series. After a long time, "Trapping Prefecture and Changlu Prefecture" have become "symbiotes" that appear together.
After the waves, the mountains, lakes and food accompany it
The culture of Chaohu Lake is compatible with the north and south, connecting the east and the west. The southward migration of the northern people caused by the Yongjia Rebellion and the Anshi Rebellion spread the northern culture here, and the official dialect of Hongchaopian Jianghuai is the best proof. Now everything tends to be calm, and the mountain culture, lake culture, and food culture derived from the development have created a vivid Chaohu Lake.
▲ Nangui Mountain quietly has insight into everything. Photo by Yang Jun
Chaohu City is surrounded by green mountains, and its appearance is like a turtle and a lying cow, so it is summarized as "five cows and three turtles". "A tower supports the heavens and is a lying cow, and the words in the evening pavilion are permitted. Ten views and three mountains, drums and flags and phoenixes nodding", this Chaohu ballad contains a number of scenery, which is only more than 50 meters high Woniu Mountain, is the nest father, Xu You secluded place, expounded the "mountain is not high, there are immortals and spirits" cultural charm, Drum Mountain, Qishan echo each other from afar, with the charm of "Flag and Drum Equal".
▲ Shucheng S351 interchange, today's Chaohu Lake is also very modern. Photo by Ji Xueyun
This land of rich people is naturally indispensable to the contribution of Chaohu Lake, and people have formed a big lake culture with water as the soul from the process of relying on water, controlling water and using water. Among them, the most famous Chaohu Lake gift is the "Chaohu Lake Three Whites" - white rice shrimp, white silk fish, and whitebait. The body of the white rice shrimp is transparent, it is brown spots, but after death, the whole body becomes white, it looks delicate and beautiful, its carapace is very thin, it can be swallowed directly after a little chewing, its fresh taste, it is unreachable; the body of the white silk fish is slender, the fine scales are silvery-white, it is the fresh and original taste of the fish, and steaming is the best cooking method; the whitebait is even smaller and more cute, because the ice crystal is transparent, it is also called "ice fish", "glass fish", it is the superior auxiliary material.
▲ I can't eat so many fish! I can only dry it. Photo by Zhao Zhong
Many people believe that morning tea is the "exclusive" of the people of Liangguang, and the ancient town of Zhegao, which is hidden in Chaohu Lake, also has a study on morning tea. Cold dried shreds, egg potstickers, three fresh pots, and fried noodles are the four essential morning tea items for Zhegao people. The morning tea here is influenced by the culture of the Central Plains, and it is not so light, for example, the chili pepper is a perfect match for dried silk and dough, and the bright red color is sprinkled on the "pure" soy products, which can play a beautiful symphony of heavy taste and small freshness.
▲ Guzhen morning tea - egg pot stickers, fried noodles, and cold dried tofu shreds. Photo by Yang Jun
Sanxian pot is a wonderful delicacy that integrates sight, hearing, taste and smell. Shops that adhere to the ancient method will use the freshly fried millet pot and put it into the three fresh soups, the sizzling sound makes people feel the deliciousness from the hearing, and when the pot is full of soup, swallow it in one bite, the rice fragrant soup spreads wantonly in the mouth, and the crispy and soft magical taste makes people get great satisfaction.
The city has had its glory days, but it has also suffered from stormy waves. If you can savor it, you may find traces of the wonderful history that this land carries.