Rape Expert Steering Group of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center
Recently, there have been several rounds of short-term heavy rainfall in the main rapeseed producing areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, resulting in soil moisture in most parts of Hubei, northern Hunan, and southern Jiangxi. According to the forecast of the meteorological department, there is still a large-scale continuous rainfall process in early to mid-April, which can easily lead to water accumulation in the field, which may cause the aggravation of sclerotinia sclerotinia and the early aging of plants in the later stage. "Qingming" has passed, and rapeseed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River has entered the late stage of growth and development, which is a critical period for yield formation. In view of the current weather characteristics and the growth of rapeseed, all localities should focus on "rushing to drain water, promoting fruit set, and increasing grain weight", strengthen disaster prevention and mitigation and pest control, and go all out to relieve disasters and win a bumper harvest of summer rapeseed.
(1) Clean up ditches and drain stagnant water in the fields. Due to the dual effects of low temperature rain and snow in the early stage and short-term heavy precipitation in late March, the soil water content in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River tends to be saturated, and some low-lying fields have been slightly damaged. In view of the recent rainy weather, the peripheral ditches should be cleaned up in time, and the drainage should be rushed and the moisture should be dispersed quickly, so as to maintain the appropriate soil moisture, improve the vitality of the root system, prevent premature aging, and prevent secondary disasters. In particular, in areas with low terrain and poor natural drainage, it is necessary to transfer and transport all kinds of drainage and irrigation facilities as soon as possible, and make preparations for emergency drainage.
(2) Promote one promotion and four preventions, and consolidate the effectiveness of prevention and control. At present, the coverage rate of one promotion and four prevention in the main producing areas is more than 8 percent, which effectively promotes the re-erection and growth of frost wilted plants, but rapeseed in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River is still in the flowering stage, and even rain is not conducive to flowering and pollination, which is easy to cause segmented fruiting. It is necessary to seize the gap between fine weather and carry out the second round of one promotion and four prevention, and at the same time foliar sprays of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, brassinolide and other growth regulators to improve plant resistance and consolidate the effectiveness of sclerotinia prevention and control.
(3) Increase the application of horn fruit fertilizer to promote grain filling and firming. 70% of the energy required for rape in the grain filling and fruiting stage comes from the photosynthesis of the horn carp, and the application of horn fertilizer is conducive to enhancing the growth and development stamina of rapeseed and significantly increasing the grain weight. Especially in the case of the decrease in the number of pods caused by continuous rain, the foliar spray of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium sulfate mixture (150 g/mu each) can effectively promote grain filling and firming, make up for the decrease in silica with grain weight increase, and ensure the high yield of rapeseed.
(4) Timely collection to ensure that the particles are returned to the warehouse. For those harvested in sections, 80% of the plants in the whole field rape turned loquat yellow, and the horn fruit grains in the middle of the main inflorescence turned color and ripened in time, and after 5-7 days of drying, they were dried by a pick-up machine or manually threshed; For the rainy weather that may occur in the later stage, all localities should plan in advance, strengthen meteorological research and judgment, seize the weather window period to organize mechanical operations, seize the time to collect, and ensure that the particles are returned to the warehouse.
Source丨Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
General Duty丨Liu Xinhuan Editor丨Congshen