Abstract:The electronic components industry is the basic supporting industry of the electronic information industry, with a huge overall market scale and extremely rich categories. With the vigorous development of the downstream industry, the market size of electronic components has also risen steadily. In 2022, the market size of the mainland electronic components industry will be 2,295.4 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 3.9%. In recent years, the mainland policy is very supportive of the development of electronic components and their downstream industries, and the development of electronic components has broad prospects.
1. Definitions and Classification
Electronic components are a general term for parts and devices used in electronic circuits. Electronic components are the basic elements in an electronic circuit, usually individually packaged, and have two or more leads or metal contacts. Electronic components must be connected to each other to form an electronic circuit with a specific function, and one of the common ways to connect electronic components is to solder to a printed circuit board. There are many classifications of electronic components: according to function, including active components, passive components, according to materials, including semiconductor components, electronic vacuum tubes, resistors, capacitors, inductors, according to the packaging form, including chip packaging, plug-in packaging, pad packaging, according to the working frequency, including low-frequency components, high-frequency components.
Second, industry policies
1. Competent authorities and regulatory system
The competent authorities for the electronic components industry are the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. The main responsibilities of the National Development and Reform Commission include: formulating and organizing the implementation of the national economic and social development strategy, Medium- and long-term plans and annual plans put forward the objectives and policies for the development of the national economy and the optimization of major economic structures, and put forward proposals for the use of various economic means and policies; promote the strategic adjustment and upgrading of the industrial structure, put forward development strategies and plans for important industries of the national economy, guide industrial development, promote industrialization and informationization, formulate industrial plans, guide the formulation of industrial technical regulations and industry standards, and promote the development of high-tech industries; implement macro guidance for technological progress and industrial modernization, and guide the digestion and innovation of major technologies and major complete sets of equipment introduced。
The main responsibilities of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China include: proposing strategies and policies for the development of new industrialization, coordinating and solving major problems in the process of new industrialization, formulating and organizing the implementation of development plans for industry, communications and informatization, promoting the strategic adjustment, optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure, promoting the integration of informatization and industrialization, and promoting the construction of a scientific research and production system for weapons and equipment that combines military and civilian use and integrates military and civilian use; formulates and organizes the implementation of industrial plans, plans and industrial policies for industry and telecommunications, and proposes to optimize the industrial layout. Formulate and organize the implementation of plans, policies and standards for high-tech industries involving biomedicine, new materials, aerospace, information industry, etc., guide the technological innovation and technological progress of the industry, transform and upgrade traditional industries with advanced and applicable technologies, organize the implementation of major national science and technology projects, promote the industrialization of relevant scientific research achievements, and promote the software industry. information service industry and emerging industry development, etc.
The self-regulatory organization of the electronic components industry is the China Electronic Components Industry Association. China Electronic Components Industry Association has resistive potentiometer branch, capacitor branch, electronic ceramics and devices branch, magnetic materials and devices branch, electronic transformer branch, inductive device branch, piezoelectric crystal components and materials branch, hybrid integrated circuit branch, sensitive components and sensors branch, electrical plug-in components branch, control relay branch, micro motor and components branch, photoelectric cable and optical devices branch, electroacoustic branch, There are 15 branches of electronic protection components, and the main responsibilities include playing the role of a bridge between government departments and enterprises (institutions), carrying out industry investigation and research, strengthening industry self-discipline, fulfilling the purpose of serving enterprises, carrying out international exchanges and cooperation, and organizing the evaluation of new products and scientific and technological achievements in the industry entrusted by government departments or authorized by relevant government departments.
2. Industry-related policies
In recent years, the national policy has vigorously supported the development of electronic components, especially the improvement of the supply level of electronic components. In December 2021, the State Council issued the "14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of the Digital Economy", proposing to focus on improving the supply level of core electronic components and strengthening the self-sufficiency of key products. Subsequently, in September 2022, the State Council issued the "Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the Management System of the Electronic and Electrical Industry" to encourage greater support for the upgrading of basic electronic industries such as electronic components and breakthroughs in key technologies. Under the guidance and support of policies, the technology of the electronic components industry in mainland China will be updated and upgraded to improve the quality of product supply. In July 2023, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the "Implementation Opinions on Improving the Reliability of the Manufacturing Industry", proposing to focus on components, promote the integration of industrial chain, innovation chain and value chain, and require focusing on improving the reliability level of electronic components used in electronic equipment.
3. Industry barriers
1. Customer authentication barriers
The stability and reliability of the quality of electronic components have an important impact on the quality of downstream products such as consumer electronics, household appliances, power facilities, and automobiles. Electronic component enterprises need to obtain the strict system certification of downstream customers and meet the special standards and product production requirements of customers, and most of the end users in the downstream high-end market are well-known manufacturers in various industries, and these manufacturers have established a strict supplier screening system, which often requires huge time costs and upfront investment from both sides. The process of becoming a qualified supplier usually needs to go through the stage of sample certification, on-site factory audit, small batch trial production certification, and mass production, and the certification procedure is complex.
2. Technical and technological barriers
The electronic components industry has high technical and technological barriers, which are mainly reflected in the selection of manufacturing processes, materials and processes, product accuracy, and product update speed. The R&D and production of electronic components require a long time of process accumulation, and enterprises need to continuously debug the manufacturing process in the production process to ensure product quality and improve product yield.
3. Barriers to production scale
In addition to the high requirements for the stability and reliability of electronic component products, brand customers also have higher requirements for product production capacity, model and variety. Generally, large-scale enterprises have thousands of specifications of electronic component products, and it is difficult for manufacturers with incomplete specifications or poor comprehensive supporting capacity to produce economies of scale, high production costs, and it may be difficult to meet the large-scale needs of downstream customers.
Fourth, the industrial chain
1. Analysis of the industry chain
The upstream of the electronic component industry chain is mainly raw materials such as electronic materials, semiconductor materials, and magnetic materials. Electronic materials provide basic conduction, insulation and support functions for electronic components to ensure the normal operation of electronic components; semiconductor materials are the core part of electronic components, responsible for the processing and transmission of information, and are the key to realize the intelligence of electronic equipment; magnetic materials are widely used in inductors, transformers and other components in electronic components to convert and control electromagnetic signals. The performance and quality of these raw materials directly affect the performance and reliability of electronic components, and are the basis for the sustainable development of the electronic components industry. The midstream is the production and manufacturing of electronic components. The downstream is widely used in new energy vehicles, home appliances, communication equipment, electrical machinery, military industry, aerospace and other fields. With the continuous development of the mainland economy, the application field of electronic components continues to expand, the market demand continues to increase, and the development prospects are broad.
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