As a popular product in the spring fruit market, the quality and yield of large cherries directly affect the economic benefits of fruit farmers.
However, cherry brown rot, branch blight, scab scab, brown spot perforation and physiological fruit drop occur frequently during the leaf-opening stage of large cherries, which pose a serious threat to the healthy growth of cherry trees and the quality of fruit harvesting.
Picture 01~02): Large cherries grown in the open field
In this issue, Qingjiang Crane will continue to pay attention to and chat with all the teachers about the fungal diseases and physiological fruit drop that are prone to occur during the leaf development period of cherries. The causes of these diseases and the prevention and control measures are discussed and shared in detail, in order to provide effective prevention and control strategies for the majority of fruit farmers. I hope you like and actively participate in the interaction, forward and share the pictures and texts of this issue.
Identification of large cherry brown rot in the field and its chemical control measures:
01) Identification of large cherry brown rot in the field:
Brown rot is the most common fungal disease of large cherries during the leaf-spreading stage, which mainly damages the leaves and fruits of cherry trees.
When the disease occurs, the leaves of the large cherry appear brown lesions (the lesions are not obvious at the beginning, and then the lesions show symptoms and gradually spread to the whole leaves, and there is gray-white powder on the leaves. There are similarities with powdery mildew, note the difference.
Picture 03~04): Cherry blooming period
Depressed brown rot spots appear on the surface of cherry fruits (young fruits). At first, it is a brown lesion, and then it spreads to the whole fruit, causing the fruit to shrink and become a grayish-white powder. The disease often develops into a dead fruit.
02) Chemical control measures for cherry brown rot in the field:
In order to effectively prevent and control brown rot, fruit farmers should regularly clean up the fallen leaves and diseased fruits in the orchard to reduce the breeding of pathogenic bacteria.
Strengthen the pre-flowering pruning of cherry trees and the proper pruning during the growing season, maintain ventilation and light transmission conditions between the trees, and avoid moisture trapped in the orchard (relative humidity can be controlled at 60%).
After flowering, spray the cherry tree with the corresponding fungicide, and use copper-containing fungicides for foliar spray to enhance the resistance of the tree.
Picture 05~06): The first fruiting period of cherries
For example, after the cherry tree flowering, you can spray 800~1000 times of 20% copper quinacil wettable powder, 800~1000 times of 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder, 500~600 times of 20% thiazole copper suspension, or 600~800 times of 30% royal copper suspension, or 800~1500 times of 56% cuprous oxide water-dispersible granules, or 86.2% cuprous oxide wettable powder 800~1200 times of liquid spray stems and leaves.
Identification of large cherry branch blight in the field and its comprehensive chemical prevention and control measures:
01) Identification of large cherry branch blight in the field:
Branch blight is a branch disease of cherry trees caused by fungal pathogens, which is manifested as cracking and drying of the epidermis of cherry branches, and in severe cases, leading to branch death.
The main identification points are to see whether there are "skin cracks, relaxation, shrinkage and distortion" on the large cherry branches, whether there are "small black grain spots" (actually pathogenic spores), whether there are "cracks" like steamed bread flower-like branches to expose the xylem of the branches, and whether there are "oily" places (actually secreted resin).
Picture 07~08): High-quality and high-yield cherries
02) Chemical prevention and control measures for large cherry branch blight in the field:
In order to prevent and control cherry branch blight, fruit farmers should strengthen orchard management, keep the tree body ventilated and transparent, and cut off and burn the diseased branches in time to prevent the spread of germs.
In the early stage of the disease or embryonic stage, thiophanate-methyl and other agents can be used for prevention and treatment.
For example, you can spray 1000~2000 times of 80% pyrimethylamine water-dispersible granules at the beginning of the disease or at the germination and leaf development stage, or 1000~2000 times of 50% Pythium wettable powder, or 800~1500 times of 55% iprodiamide ethyldicarb water agent, or 50.5% nicotinamide berberine pyrimylamin wettable powder 800~1500 times liquid spray, or 50% carbendazim downy mildew carb wettable powder 800~1000 times single dose or multiple compound treatment with stems and leaves.
Picture 09~10): Fruit setting and ripening of local large cherries
Identification of large cherry scab in the field and its chemical comprehensive prevention and control measures:
01) Identification of large cherry scab in the field:
Crust is a fungal disease on the leaves of large cherries, also known as "cherry scab".
It is mainly manifested as round or irregularly shaped dark brown sunken lesions on cherry leaves. On the fruit, it appears as "black spots" (not deep into the flesh), but when the air humidity of the tree orchard is high, "black mold" will grow in the black spot disease, which seriously affects the photosynthesis of the leaves. Later cherry leaves will "dry up and fall off", or form "perforated leaves".
02) Chemical comprehensive prevention and control measures for large cherry scab in the field:
In order to prevent and control cherry scab, fruit farmers should choose cherry varieties with strong disease resistance, strengthen water and fertilizer management, and improve the comprehensive disease resistance of trees.
Picture 11~12): Good quality cherries
In the early stage of cherry tree disease, foliar spraying is carried out with appropriate fungicides.
For example, you can use 4000~5000 times of 50% fluconazole water dispersible granules, or 8000~10000 times of 40% fluconazole emulsifiable concentrate, or 2500~3000 times of 30% fluconazole suspension, or 2000~2500 times of 25% pyraclostrobin emulsifiable concentrate, or 3000~4000 times of 50% pyroxystrobin water dispersible granules, or 1000~1500 times of 70% difenoconazole propylene zinc wettable powder 1000~1500 times of spray stems and leaves.
Symptom Identification of Brown Spot Perforation Disease in the Field and Its Chemical Comprehensive Prevention and Control Measures:
01) Identification of symptoms of large cherry brown spot perforation disease in the field:
Brown spot perforation is a common fungal disease on the leaves of large cherries, which mainly harms the leaves and shoots of cherry trees, but not cherry fruits.
Picture 13~14): Early fruit setting of a large cherry
However, it is easy to cause the weakening of cherry trees, resulting in reduced yield and efficiency. When cherry leaves are diseased, brown spots appear on the leaves and gradually enlarge, eventually forming perforations or falling leaves. It is worth mentioning that the diseased leaves have "small gray-brown mold spots."
02) Chemical comprehensive prevention and control measures for large cherry brown spot perforation disease in the field:
In order to prevent and control brown spot perforation disease in cherry trees, fruit farmers should keep their orchards clean and remove fallen leaves and diseased fruits in time.
Foliar sprays are applied at the initial stage of disease onset with copper-containing fungicides or other fungal fungicides. The early leaf development of cherry trees is the best time to prevent it. The second is to apply fertilizer reasonably, enhance the tree momentum, and improve the disease resistance of cherry trees.
It can be used in the cherry tree leaf development stage or the early stage of the disease, with 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800~1500 times, or 25% pyroxystrobin suspension 1500~2000 times, or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 800~1200 times, or 30% pyroxazole ethocarb suspension 500~600 times, or 66% thiophanate-methyl dithocarb wettable powder 800~1000 times, or 50% thiophanate-methyl downy mildew wettable powder 800~1000 times liquid or 75% iprodione, carbendazim mancozeb suspension 1000~1500 times liquid spray stem and leaf treatment.
Picture 15~16): Cherry veraison
Physiological fruit drop symptoms of large cherry in the field and its comprehensive prevention and control measures:
01) Physiological fruit drop symptoms of large cherries in the field:
Physiological fruit drop is the most common phenomenon in the leaf development period of large cherries, which is mainly caused by insufficient nutrition, water imbalance or abnormal climate, or pollination disorders and deformities of young fruits, stunted development, etc.
It is a physiological pathology, not a fungal disease, a bacterial disease, or a viral disease caused by a fungal pathogen, bacterial pathogen, or viral infection.
02) Comprehensive prevention and control measures for physiological fruit drop of large cherries in the field:
In order to reduce the physiological fruit drop of cherries, fruit farmers should strengthen the fertilizer and water management of the orchard to ensure that the tree nutrients are sufficient.
Picture 17~18): Yellow varieties in local cherries
Foliar fertilization of nutrients at the flowering stage and fruit development stage was carried out in a timely manner to improve the quality of cherry flower bud differentiation and fruit development. In case of drought or continuous rainy weather, take timely measures to adjust the moisture of the orchard and maintain good soil moisture. In the early stage of flower buds of cherry trees, the stem and leaf treatment of cherry trees should be carried out to prevent or correct the formation of a large number of physiological fruit drop in cherry trees during the flower and fruit management period.
Words written at the end:
In summary, large cherries are prone to a variety of diseases during the leaf-growing stage, which poses a threat to the growth of fruit trees, fruit quality development and yield.
Fruit growers should accurately identify various diseases according to the characteristics and causes of different diseases, and take corresponding prevention and control measures to ensure the healthy growth and high yield and quality of cherry trees.
Picture 19~20): local cherry, fine-skinned and tender-fleshed
At the same time, fruit farmers should also strengthen the management of cherry orchards and improve the comprehensive disease resistance of trees, which is the key to the prevention and control of these diseases. Through scientific prevention and careful management, I believe that fruit farmers will be able to usher in a bumper harvest of big cherry season.
In addition, the relevant pictures and texts about cherry trees in the early stage of Qingjiang Crane are: "When is the best time to transplant cherry trees? If you make a mistake, it will die and reduce the survival rate of seedlings", "The survival rate of cherry tree grafting and cultivation in March is not high, what is the reason? Try this method, easily help you quickly cultivate seedlings", "Cherry is delicious and difficult to plant, 7 diseases to harm, old fruit farmers are good methods, one treatment is accurate", "How much do you know about cherry tree flowers and yellow leaves?", "What do you know about cherry tree virus disease", "The "pearl" in wild fruits" Hairy cherry, ornamental and edible, deriving 2 new uses, unlimited value", etc.
Picture 21~22): The swelling period of local cherries