Who doesn't love peony flowers, occupy the good things in the city. It is suspected to be the work of Luochuan God, and the thousands of delicate states break the morning glow (Tang Xu Ning). Peony, also known as Luoyang flower, rich flower, valley rain flower, its grace and luxury, the national color is fragrant, the crown is unbeatable, known as the king of flowers, the king of flowers. When you are in the peony bush, you will sincerely admire: Wow, it's so beautiful, bigger than a baby face, it's so atmospheric, it's so beautiful, it's so rich.
So, how to appreciate the beauty of peony flowers? color, fragrance, posture, rhyme.
First, the color of the peony
Tang Dynasty poet Liu Yuxi praised the peony, "only the peony is true to the national color, and the flowers move the capital when they bloom."
Peony flowers are rich in color, including: white, pink, red, purple, green, blue, yellow, black and compound color nine color systems.
For example: white 'Snow Tower', 'Xiangyu', 'Jingyu'. Pink 'Zhao Powder', 'Snow Reflection Peach Blossom', 'Silver and Red Clever Pair'. Red 'Hu Hong', 'Luoyang Red', 'Neon Radiance', 'Kao'. Purple 'Oolong Holds Sheng', 'First Case Red', 'Ge Scarf Purple'. Green 'spring willow', 'bean green', 'green screen hidden jade'. Blue 'Lantian Jade', 'Blue Hibiscus', 'Blue Moon'. Yellow 'Yao Huang', 'Hai Huang', 'Golden Island'. Black 'Black Panther', 'Crowned Black Jade', 'Black Oiran'. The compound color of 'Erqiao', 'Island Brocade', and 'Purple Blue Kui'.
The white peony is clear and jade, the pink peony is delicate and fresh, the red peony is delicate and gorgeous, the purple peony is graceful and atmospheric, the green peony is rare and charming, the blue peony is extraordinary, the yellow peony is luxurious and elegant, the black peony is dignified and beautiful, and the multicolored peony is colorful and colorful. Different peony varieties, the same peony variety will show different colors in different years and under different cultivation conditions. The same color, there are shades of variation. The base of the petals of the purple-spotted peony has obvious large color spots, which are very distinctive. The green, yellow, and white petals formed by the mutation of some peony pistils dance in the heart of the flower, which is amazing.
Second, peony flowers
The late Tang Dynasty poet Pi Rixiu praised the peony: "Boasting of the unparalleled beauty in the world, the first fragrance in the independent world."
The peony flowers are fragrant, and the ancients praised the peony flowers with "heavenly fragrance", "national fragrance", "foreign fragrance", "crazy fragrance", "cold fragrance", "sweet fragrance", "dark fragrance" and "first fragrance".
The volatile oil of peony flowers is rich in natural fragrance substances, and when the flowers bloom, the city is full of fragrance. The Tang Dynasty poet Li Zhengfeng described the peony flower: "the national color is drunk in the morning, and the heavenly fragrance dyes clothes at night", and since then, "the national color and natural fragrance" has become synonymous with peony.
In recent years, peony tea, whole flower tea, stamen tea, peony cake, peony oil, peony wine, peony drink, and peony cosmetics processed from peony flowers exude the unique fragrance of peony.
3. Peony flower posture
The Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi praised the peony: "The noble MMS is wonderful, and the miscellaneous flowers are incomparably square."
The peony flowers are enchanting and charming. The flowers are warm and unrestrained, the flowers are open sideways, and the flowers are shy and lovely. In early spring, the peony is proud of the wind and snow, the peony in spring is overwhelming, and the peony is iron-clad in winter. The juvenile peony is vibrant, the adult peony is smiling, and the hundred-year-old peony is elegant and vigorous. The peony flowers on a sunny day are bright and flowing, the peony flowers in the fog and rain are bathing, the peony flowers under the dew are delicate and graceful, and the peony flowers blown by the wind are dancing and swaying. The peony flowers in the early morning are drunk and hazy, and the peony flowers on the moonlit night are fragrant and dyed. When the bud is noble, when the flowers bloom, the Qixia is discolored, and when the flowers fall, the Qingdi is sad.
Judging from the habit of appreciating peonies, Europeans and Americans generally like lotus-shaped, chrysanthemum-shaped, and rose-shaped peonies, which means "unrestrained and warm". Chinese generally like the crown-type, hydrangea-type, and pavilion-shaped peonies that rise up, meaning "to the next level".
Peony flower type can be simply described into three categories: single-petal flower, double-petaled flower, and floor flower, which can be subdivided into ten flower types.
Single-petal type: 1~3 rounds of petals, wide and flat. For example: 'Fengdanbai', 'Fruit on the plate', 'Pond Xiaoyue'.
Golden stamen type: 2~3 rounds of outer petals, stamens anthers are significantly enlarged, and the filaments become thicker. This flower type is rare, such as: 'Rose Red Golden Stamen' and 'Pink Pond Reflecting the Moon'.
Lotus type: 4~5 rounds of petals, the petals are slightly inward when opened, similar to a lotus. For example: 'Black Sea Sprinkled Gold', 'Cinnabar Barrier', 'Like a Lotus'.
Chrysanthemum type: more than 6 petals, the number of stamens is reduced, and the pistils are normal. For example: 'Meat Hibiscus', 'Moon Palace Candlelight', 'Spring Red Jiaoyan'.
Rosette: The petals are heightened, the stamens are nearly absent, and the pistils are normal or slightly petalized. For example: 'Luoyang Red', 'Er Qiao', 'Silver Red Qiao', 'Snow Reflection Peach Blossom'.
Tuogui type: the outer petals are 2~3 rounds, wide and flat, the stamens petals are turned into fine petals, and the whole flower is like a plate containing osmanthus. Some peonies have a circle of stamens left between the inner and outer petals, such as a gold belt tied around the waist, which is called a golden ring type. For example: 'Green Dragon Lying Ink Pool', 'Red Lotus Full Pond', 'Purple Tuogui', 'Lady's Dress'.
Crown type: the outer petals are wide and flat, the stamens are all petalized, the pistils are petalized, the number of petals is hundreds, and the whole flower is towering like a crown. For example: 'Lao Jun Zi', 'Loulan Beauty', 'First Case Red', 'Coral Terrace', 'Hu Hong'.
Hydrangea type: all the stamens are highly petalized, the pistils are also petalized, the difference between the inner and outer petals is not obvious, the number of petals is hundreds, and the whole flower is shaped like a hydrangea. For example: 'Green Fragrance Ball', 'Green Screen Hidden Jade', 'Spring Willow', 'Chi Blue'.
Pavilion type: The whole flower is made up of two or more flowers superimposed up and down, the upper flower is towering, and according to the petalization degree of the lower flower, it can be subdivided into a thousand-story pavilion type and a floor pavilion type. For example: 'Luodu Chunyan', 'Guifei Cui', 'Neon Radiance', 'Jade Lou Diancui', 'Green, Fat, Red and Thin', 'Blue Hibiscus', 'Curly Leaf Red', 'Liyuan Spring'.
Some varieties can produce multiple flower types in the same plant, such as: 'Baiyu Hongxia', 'Zhao Fen', 'Snow Tower', 'Gongxiang Makeup', 'Xiangyu', 'Zilankui', which can be described as "multi-flower".
Fourth, peony rhyme
Wu Cheng, a poet of the Yuan Dynasty, praised the peony flower, "the enchanting state before the wind and the moon under the moon, the rich flower in the sky and the earth".
The peony has a noble charm and a beautiful meaning, and is a symbol of wealth and auspiciousness, national peace and security, happiness and beauty.
Peony is the flower of love. The peony in the "Book of Songs: Qinwei" is the peony flower. On the third day of the third month of the lunar calendar, young men and women gave each other peony herbs to ward off bad luck and express love.
Peony is a beauty flower. The great poet Li Baikai of the Tang Dynasty praised the precedent of famous flowers and beauties, and said that the peony flower is Yang Yuhuan, and since then, the peony flower and the beauty have become an important part of peony literature. Yang Guifei is graceful and luxurious, Zhao Feiyan is captivating the country and the city, Luo Shennu is like a shock, Yang Fei drinks marigold, green beads fall into the jade building, Chang'e runs to the moon palace, Xi Shi Huansha, Zhaojun is out of the stopper, and Diao Chan worships the moon. Is it the beauty of peony flowers, or the beauty of children?
Peony is a rich flower. Since the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, the themes of paintings and poems have mostly used peony flowers to imply wealth. The Song Dynasty writer Zhou Dunyi said "Peony, the rich and noble flower", and since then, the "rich flower" has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. In the Song Dynasty, Luoyang peony flower blessing was listed as one of the "nine blessings in the world". Li Xiaoguang, a poet of the Yuan Dynasty, praised the peony flower, "the rich and noble are uplifted, and the flowers bow their heads and worship Fangchen".
Peony is a noble flower. For thousands of years, the status of peony as the "flower king" has never wavered. People give the peony the character of being iron-clad, not afraid of power, rich and noble, tenacious, daring to dedicate, and humble and open-minded. Qiao Yu wrote the lyrics, Lu Yuan and Tang He composed music, and Jiang Dawei sang "The Song of Peony", which was popular all over the country.
Peony is the national flower. In the Tang Dynasty, the peony was already in the status of the national flower, and it had the evaluation of "national color and natural fragrance" and "king of flowers". Since the Southern Song Dynasty, the Chinese people have used peonies as a metaphor for the national garden. In the Ming Dynasty, Beijing Jile Temple has built a flower hall. In the Qing Dynasty, the Empress Dowager Cixi designated the peony as the national flower and built the national flower platform. The customs and habits of various parts of the mainland and various ethnic groups are different, but they all respect the peony. On December 23, 1994, the National Flower Selection Office and the China Flower Association announced the results of the national flower selection: the national flower selection leading group unanimously agreed that the peony is the national flower of the mainland after careful study.
Fifth, learn a little peony culture
Peony's birthday is the Mid-Autumn Festival. Legend has it that the peony fairy went down on the 15th day of the eighth month of the lunar calendar, sprinkled the peony seeds on Luoyang Mountain, and the common people boiled the peony root to drink it, controlling the plague and the epidemic, and people respected the Mid-Autumn Festival as the birthday of the peony. In fact, the Mid-Autumn Festival to before the frost is the best time to sow peonies, plant peonies, and graft peonies. Peonies planted in spring often grow poorly or even die. The agricultural proverb says: planting peonies in spring, old and dead do not bloom.
"Wu Zetian degraded the peony" is a legend, not history. Shu Yuanyu's "Peony Fu" in the Tang Dynasty recorded that Wu Zetian transplanted the peony from his hometown in Shanxi to the royal garden, indicating that Wu Zetian loved the peony and confirmed that Wu Zetian did not depreciate the peony. Ouyang Xiu of the Song Dynasty said a word: "Since Tang Zetian, Luoyang peony has flourished. The novel of the Song Dynasty deduced Wu Zetian's debasement of the peony in Luoyang, and "Wu Zetian's deprecation of the peony" was completely the machismo of some "feudal guards", dissatisfied with Wu Zetian's claim to be the emperor, and the slander of Emperor Wu. According to the "Tang Poetry Chronicle", Wu Zetian wrote a peony poem, ordered the peony flower to bloom in winter, and used the peony flower to smash a coup attempt.
Peony is the king of flowers, and peony is the flower phase. Peony and peony are sister flowers, flowers and leaves are similar, the flowers are big and colorful, and the style of a king. The difference is that peony is a small shrub with lignified branches, while peony is an herbaceous plant with dry aerial parts in winter. Peonies can be grafted with peony roots. Horticulturists also used distant hybrids of peonies and peonies to breed a series of hybrid varieties, collectively known as Ito peony. Yao Huang is the king of flowers, and Wei Hua is the queen of flowers, which is a comment of the Song Dynasty, and later generations often refer to peonies with "Yao Wei".
There are also famous peony products such as Zhao Fen, Doulu, Erqiao, Luoyang Red, Ge Scarf, White Snow Tower, Lantian Jade, Black Oiran and so on.
There are about 2,000 peony cultivars in the world, and there are more than 1,400 in Luoyang, including Chinese peony, Japanese peony, American peony, and French peony.
The naming of peonies is very artistic and interesting. Some names reflect the color and fragrance of peonies, some names reflect the charm of peonies, some names contain historical allusions and idiom stories, and some are named after surnames, flower beds, and place names. When you enjoy the flowers, see if you can find a peony flower named after your own surname. For example, Zhang Fei, Wang Hong, Li Yuanchun, Zhao Fen, Chen Hong, Liu Shige, Yang Guifei, Yao Huang, Wei Zi, Song Bai, Shi Yuanbai, Hu Hong, Lu Fen, Qin Hong, Wu Houhong, Su Jiahong, He Yuanhong, Ning Yuanhong, Lu Shifen, Niu Jiahuang, Pengzhou Zi, Hua Mulan, Guan Gonghong, Huang Zhong, Er Qiao, Zuo Zi, Jindao, Cinnabar Red, Wen Gonghong, Ou Jiabi, Roman Jin, Wanhuasheng.
If you can recite a few peony poems when appreciating peonies, Yaxing will be doubled.
Li Bai: The clouds want to dress and the flowers want to look, and the spring breeze blows the dew on the threshold.
Bai Juyi: The peerless only Xizi, the only peony in the crowd.
Bai Juyi: Flowers bloom and fall for 20 days, and everyone in a city is crazy.
Pi Rixiu: The remnants of the red began to spit out Fang, and the good name is called the King of Flowers.
Luo Yin: If the teaching and interpretation should be poured into the country, Ren is ruthless and moving.
Ouyang Xiu: Luoyang leyline flowers are the most suitable, and peonies are especially strange in the world.
Shao Yong: The peony flowers are crowned with flowers, and there are even more kings during the period.
Song Qi: Who is the master of Shaohua in spring, the general leader Qunfang is a peony.
Wang Guowei: After reading the world, peony is the king of flowers in ancient times.
Qiao Yu: Ah peony, the most vivid among the flowers, ah peony, the most spectacular in the country of incense. Some people say that you are rich, but how do you know that you have experienced poverty...... When the earth is frozen, you are pregnant with life, and when the spring breeze blows, you bring beauty to the world.
In the Song Dynasty, there was a saying that "Luoyang peony is the best in the world". In the Ming Dynasty, there was a saying that "Caozhou peony is in the sea". Now, Luoyang is "China's peony flower capital", Heze is "China's peony capital", Luoyang peony and Heze peony have their own merits, complementary development, Lanzhou, Beijing, Shanghai, Dianjiang, Bozhou, Changchun and other places peony have their own characteristic advantages, north and south are scattered, peony flowering period from late March to mid-May can be flowered one after another.
The peony is fragrant and charming, let us meet to appreciate the peony flowers!
Note: The varieties of peony pictures in this article: Luoyang red, green screen hidden jade, neon glow, first case red, moon palace candlelight, Golden Pavilion, Zhao Fen, Jindao a total of eight kinds.
About author:Yang Liusheng, Xinghua from Luoning County, Henan Province, born in December 1969, a member of the Communist Party of China, has worked in Luolong District Bureau of Statistics and Luolong District Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Luoyang City.
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