The Hidden Three Kingdoms (3)
Writer: Zhu Hui
Cao Cao had a bold face when he was young, and this boldness played the most role in troubled times. Of course, this is also a time bomb to cause trouble before troubled times come.
According to Sun Sheng's "Miscellaneous Records of Similarities and Differences" in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Cao Cao was bold and dared not only to break into a private house to rob the bride, but also to break into the official residence inexplicably! This official residence is not an ordinary official residence, but the official residence of Zhang Rang, the great eunuch who claimed that "Zhang Changshi is my father" by Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty!
Zhang Rang, the head of the ten permanent servants in the late Han Dynasty, Emperor Ling said: "Zhang Changshou is my father, and Zhao Changshou is my mother." It can be seen that its power is huge. Why are eunuchs so in power? In fact, it is caused by their enemies, the scholars, and their relatives. We know that the Eastern Han Dynasty was a wealthy regime, and its relatives were generally wealthy families with the surname Liu Xiu who fought the world together, and their family power was very strong, and the emperor was a little not strong enough, so it was easy for them to be hollowed out. After the Han and Emperor, the emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty often died young, and his imperial power could not be exercised smoothly, this is not what genetic disease Liu Xiu's descendants have, but the relatives borrowed the hands of the queen mother to deliberately select the young and weak children of the imperial family to inherit the treasure, so after the emperor became an adult, he often introduced a group of eunuchs to help himself, but it attracted greater hatred and counterattack from relatives and scholars, and the result not only failed to consolidate the imperial power, but increased the centrifugal force between the imperial power and the foreign dynasty. Therefore, the emperor simply let go of himself and reused eunuchs more, such as Emperor Han He gave eunuchs marquis, and Emperor Shun of Han gave eunuchs the right to inherit the title and recommend officials with their adopted sons, so that the imperial power could be extended to foreign dynasties and counties with the help of the power of eunuchs' adopted sons and protégés, so as to control local personnel and financial rights. Of course, the scholars are not happy at this time, how many years have we been mixed up to be able to "get the king's way", but these stinky eunuchs and nouveau riche with mud legs have come up to grab the establishment and funds to seize the territory, what kind of business is this? So "the government and the opposition complained", the struggle between the two sides intensified, and many eunuchs and henchmen who "competed for greed" were hunted and killed by the magistrates of the scholar clan, and many people of the scholar clan were hunted and killed by the Huangmen Beisi Prison (the criminal prison institution controlled by the eunuchs) or were imprisoned in their political rights, which was almost a lose-lose outcome.
Seeing this situation, the young Cao Cao had a whim, wanting to use Zhang Rang, the great eunuch, to make a big name!
According to the record of "Miscellaneous Records of Similarities and Differences", once Cao Cao broke into Zhang Rang's mansion without saying hello, and carried a weapon and halberd with him. This is a popular short weapon in the Han Dynasty, like the head of a long halberd, which can stab the enemy during hand-to-hand combat, and can also be thrown from a distance, which can be described as a necessary weapon that is easy to carry and powerful to kill people. So people usually think that this story is the prototype story of Cao Cao's assassination of Dong Zhuo in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", but I think Cao Cao was still young at the time, and I am afraid that he could not do such an earth-shattering event, maybe Cao Cao was just picked up by Yuan Shao and other bad friends to make pranks and kill the eunuchs, so that his gang of party brothers and brothers are happy; Of course, Cao Cao didn't meet the dead eunuch yet, he was blocked by a group of security guards, Cao Cao was not in a hurry, only danced the halberd to the sky, and fought and retreated, from the bedroom to the hall, from the hall to the courtyard wall, and then laughed, flew over the wall. It seems that Cao Cao's kung fu is not bad.
Leave aside the specific circumstances of this matter. Finally, one time, Cao Cao did not know what had happened again, and when he returned to his hometown, he was arrested by another powerful eunuch, Peixiang Wang Ji (the son of Wang Fu of the Ten Standing Servants), who was known for his cool officials, and was ready to bring him to justice. This Wang Jike is a perverted ruthless man, his favorite thing to do in his life is to kill criminals, every time he kills someone, he has to put the corpse in the car, and pull it to the counties to tour the public, and in the summer, the corpse decomposes halfway, and the bones are strung together with a rope, and the county must be swam until it is finished. Everyone who saw it was shocked. Wang Ji has been in office for five years, killing more and more people every year, and by the end he has killed more than 10,000 people. Seeing that Cao Cao was about to die, his good brother Xiahou Yuan stood up.
Xiahou Yuan, the word is wonderful, he is very righteous, there was a famine in Yanzhou and Yuzhou, and Xiahou Yuan had many children in his family, but he actually abandoned his young son and supported the daughter left by his deceased brother (this daughter was robbed by Zhang Fei to be the lady of the village, and finally became the mother-in-law of Liu Chan, the queen of Shu).
Therefore, Cao Cao was in trouble, Xiahou Yuan didn't say a word, and stood up for Cao Cao. After Cao Cao got out, he hurriedly mobilized his father Cao Song's relationship, begged for people and spent money, and finally got Xiahou Yuan out.
For Cao Cao, life is a big drama, not in how long the drama is, but how exciting the plot is. Only a turbulent life can make people feel the meaning of survival. So if you want to play, you can play big, the kind of grinding and chirping of small reunions and small joys, but it is just a waste of youthful years, no climax, no low tide, a pool of stagnant water. So as Cao Cao grew older, he was no longer satisfied with the petty fights in the past, after all, it was not a good feeling to live in the shadow of the party leader Yuan Shao, plus his Confucian grades were average, and his family background was not glorious, so he was very general in the "Running Friends", almost the role of a follower, so the history books said that he was "unsurprising in the world". Cao Cao later commented that he was "not a well-known person in the cave" at that time ("Let the County Know the Order").
But of course Cao Cao is unwilling, since he wants to play big, he must be a big official, do great things, achieve great things, and live a vigorous life, so that the whole world knows the name Cao Cao!
So it seems that overnight, Cao Cao has changed, from a bad boy to start reading, reading ancient studies during the day, thinking about scriptures at night, reading a wide range of books, keeping his hands on the books, and concentrating on improving his own small universe. However, he was still not very interested in the Confucian classics, and only because he liked to compose poetry, so he did some research on the "Book of Songs" and "Yuefu". Although, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, scripture literacy was the key to a person's career, Cao Cao clearly realized that troubled times were coming, so his main energy at that time was still on the art of war.
Cao Cao was really thoughtful in doing things, and he did not just read and read military science, but did his best to study and compile a large number of military works, including the "Notes on the Book of War", which copied the art of war, and the "Brief Explanation of Sun Tzu" (Note 1), which was specially made for the thirteen essences of the "Art of War". These works established the historical position of Cao Cao's great military strategist. In particular, "A Brief Explanation of Sun Tzu" has an outstanding position in many military books, and is the first note in the "Ten Notes on Sun Tzu" (referring to Cao Cao, Li Quan, Du Mu, Chen Hao, Jia Lin, Meng, Mei Yaochen, Wang Hui, He Yanxi, and Zhang Pre).
Cao Cao was both talented and practical, he was the greatest military theorist after Sun Wu, and he was also Sun Wu's greatest confidant and successor of the next generation. It can be said that the relationship between "The Art of War" and Cao Cao's "A Brief Explanation of Sun Tzu" is almost the same as the relationship between "Spring and Autumn" and "Zuo Chuan"; the reason why "The Art of War" can have such a great influence in later generations is inseparable from Cao Cao's unique contributions. Cao Cao was the founder and pioneer of Sun Wu's military thought.
Swimming, hunting, mingling, martial arts, history, music, calligraphy, poetry, the art of war...... With so many hobbies and so many skills, Cao Cao is really a fighter in the second generation of officials, but it is a pity that the Eastern Han Dynasty is an era of family endorsement, and the reputation of eunuchs is too stinky, so even if Cao Cao strives to improve his breadth of knowledge, and often travels abroad, like a diligent marketer, he sells himself everywhere, but he is always looked down upon, and even despised, Cao Cao is depressed.
According to the record of "The World Speaks New Words", Cao Cao wanted to make friends with Zong Shilin, a famous scholar in Nanyang, and visited him many times, but the Zongfu was always full of guests, and Cao Cao couldn't even say a word. Left and right, Cao Cao took advantage of Zong Shilin's opportunity to catch up when he got up to go to the toilet, grabbed someone's hand and wanted to set it almost (catch the hand, please hand), but was ruthlessly rejected by Zong Shilin (refused). It turns out that according to Liu Xiao's "Biography of the Sages of the Chu State", Zong Shilin, a person who "cultivates virtue and elegance, is indeed not a group, cannot be recruited, and those who come to him after hearing virtue are like forests", is a clean stream boss with a moral and clean habit, and he naturally refuses to "join the same stream" with Cao Cao, the son of a eunuch, so even if Cao Cao later became a general official and took over the power of the court, Zong Shilin still did not want to associate with him, and said that "the ambition of pine and cypress still exists." Cao Cao's father and son listened, but respected him more, and every time the Cao Pi brothers came to visit, they knelt down under his couch and performed the junior salute. This is probably the case with the atmosphere of the Wei and Jin dynasties, which is not only an era of fighting for fathers, but also an era of selling fame and fame; if you have fame, you can be valued by the world, and high-ranking officials will be able to achieve great things; without fame, everything is zero.
Of course, Cao Cao can also use the privileges of high-ranking cadres to directly promote officialdom in the system, his father Cao Song came over like this, but Cao Cao doesn't want to take the best way, he still wants to go through the right path of "inspection system" from celebrities to official careers, otherwise even if he becomes a provincial and ministerial-level high-ranking official like his father, he will also be looked down upon by the corporal of the world, and he will be in the bag for a lifetime.
But this is too difficult for the children of the notorious eunuchs, what should I do? Cao Cao felt that he should find a professional to guide him, so he went to visit a person who was a hundred times more famous than him, Qiao Xuan.
Qiao Xuan, the word public group, this is a first-class Qing official and a famous general. At the end of Emperor Huan, he was the general of Duliao, protecting the territory and the people, and defeated the invasion of Xianbei, Southern Xiongnu and Goguryeo many times. After that, his career went smoothly, and he became one of the three princes all the way, but he still had a "poor family", which was in stark contrast to Cao Song, who later bought Taiwei with 100 million yuan.
At this time, Qiao Xuan lost confidence in the future of the country because of the emperor's appointment of corrupt officials, so he resigned from the government due to illness, leaving only a "Guanglu doctor" in the imperial court, but this made him gain greater fame in the world.
And now, after Cao Cao, a eunuch and a corrupt official, he stood in front of this honest and honest minister, chatted freely about major events, and asked him what he thought of him.
According to common sense, Qiao Xuan has nothing to say, just sneering at it. But he actually said: "The world will be in chaos, and those who are not destined for the world cannot help, and those who can be safe are in the king!" Sure enough, he is an old comrade and an old leader, with a level and vision.
Cao Cao, who was used to being despised, never expected that this highly respected Qiao Xuan would look up to himself so much, he couldn't help but be stunned, and said humbly: "In his later years, he thought that he was not a well-known person in the cave, and he was afraid that he would be seen by people in the sea as foolish, and his ambition in life was just to guard a county, so as to be a political and religious officer, so as to establish a reputation and make the world known." How can he be virtuous, but the world can also be safe? Qiao Gong praised it falsely. ”
Qiao Xuan is not patting on the back, he even dares to contradict the emperor, why bother to slap the sycophant of a twenty-year-old child, he is actually very sincere: "No, no, no." I see that there are many famous people in the world, and there is no one who is like a king! The knowledge and courage of the king are far beyond me. Junshan is self-sustaining. I am willing to take my wife as a trust. Qiao Xuan advocates legalism, fine governance of laws and regulations, and is a rare famous general in the Eastern Han Dynasty at that time, he is deeply impressed by Cao Cao's "Art of War" and its Legalist thoughts, he knows that the world will be chaotic, so he wants to entrust his wife and children to this future military and political wizard, this is the real wisdom like a torch.
Of course, the dignified three dukes, when the world's famous generals, actually want to entrust his wife and children to a prodigal young man who has no official or position, which is also too shocking, Cao Cao was shocked and speechless for a while; Qiao Xuan didn't care, and joked: "After I am gone, there is a way to go, fight wine and chickens, and sacrifice each other, and the car passes three steps, and there is no complaint about abdominal pain." He burst out laughing.
And Cao Cao, who has a hearty personality, couldn't help shedding tears at this time: "with your childhood, catch and promote to the hall, especially with stubbornness, and see a gentleman." The concept of increasing glory and benefit is rewarded by rewards. "In the future......, Cao Cao was in charge of the government, and once passed by the tomb of Qiaoxuan, he sacrificed it to the prison (that is, pigs, cattle and sheep and three animals, for the gifts of the princes), not to mention fighting wine and chickens. Its sincere friendship is imaginable.
And Qiao Xuan saw that Cao Cao was crying, and he was also very moved for a while, such a confidant who forgot his year, I want to help him, so he said: "Jun is not famous, you can go to see Xu Zijiang in Runan, and the old man is willing to write a letter of recommendation on his behalf." ”
"Thank you!" Cao Cao bowed and thanked him. Let's go to Runan County to meet this Xu Zijiang (name Xu Shao, the word Zi General). If Qiao Xuan and Yuan Shao are stars, then Xu Zijiang is a star maker, a bit like an "Internet promoter" in today's terms. With his "forwarding", Cao Cao can "market" himself a hundred times more valuable.
This was a unique political phenomenon in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, with the implementation of the Party system, the study of the Five Classics and chapters used to enter the official career gradually declined, so "the chapters and sentences gradually became sparse, and most of them were flashy", and everyone began to use strange and gorgeous rhetoric to discuss the characters and criticize the current politics, which was called "Qing Yi" at that time (Note 2). As Fan Ye said in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty: "Between the arrest of Huan and the spirit, the lord is desolate and the government is Miao, the national destiny is entrusted to the eunuch temple, and the scholars are ashamed to be with them. That is to say, from now on, the prestige and conduct of a scholar is no longer determined by his official position or whether the emperor is trustworthy, but by whether he can be affirmed by the "Qing Deliberation". Officials who receive the "clear stream" evaluation are meant to be superior to the "turbid" officials (Note 3). It is said that during the period of Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty, even the Yellow River became clear several times, so the scholars sang "The Yellow River is clear, the life of a saint", looking forward to the great sage in the clear stream to save everyone and save the world.
And Xu Zijiang was the most famous "Qing Discussion Expert" of that era, who was responsible for evaluating the turbidity level of a scholar. He and his cousin Xu Jing, on the first day of each month (i.e., "Yuedan"), have to fairly, justly, and openly release the "National Shilin List" of the "Runan People Forum", and the award-winning new stars on the list can immediately be widely praised by Shilin and even reused by the imperial court. In this list, the long-term top of the list is Yingchuan celebrity Chen Yu, at that time there was such a saying among the scholars: "It is better to be punished than to be shortened by Chen Jun." "Chen Jun is Chen Yu, Chen Yu is only the magistrate of Taiqiu County, after the family, every three public vacancies in the imperial court, and many speakers return to him, and Taiwei Yang Ci and Situ Chen Tan are also the first because they have not ascended to the throne, and they are often ashamed. In addition, it is said that Yuan Shao left his post from Puyang and went home with a large number of chariots and horses, which was very luxurious, but when he was about to enter the territory of Runan, he was afraid of the power of the Qing Chamber, so he said: "How can I make Xu Zi meet him?" So he sent the guests away, and then went home alone on his bicycle.
In short, Xu's usually doesn't do anything, and his main job is to conduct a "Yuedan Review" every month and regularly update the ranking of people of the year. Later, most of the heroes of the late Han Dynasty who competed in the world entered this magical list. Therefore, Cao Cao's heart and mind is to strive for the authoritative release channel of the Yuedan Review, so as to start his reputation and open the best starting point for his career.
So, Cao Cao carried a generous gift and stood in front of Xu Zijiang, a "famous character critic", he was a little nervous, this feeling was like standing in front of the people of the whole country.
"Cao Fengqiao Gong precepts, special visit Jun, Jun Su is good at Hengjian, please see why Cao is like a person?"
Please, praise me.
Xu Zijiang didn't speak, and stood coldly. Although there is a recommendation from Mr. Qiao, Cao Cao's personality and life experience are what Xu Zijiang hates the most, so the comment in his heart is not a good thing, and he is afraid of offending Old Man Qiao if he says it, and he is sorry for his conscience if he talks nonsense, so it is better not to say it.
Cao Cao was furious, I, Cao Cao, asked for advice with good words, but I only wanted you to make a comment, why didn't you speak? Why didn't you speak?
Xu Zijiang still had an indifferent expression and waved his hand, it seemed that he was going to chase away the guests.
Cao Cao jumped up suddenly, grabbed Xu Zijiang's collar with one hand, and pulled out the waist knife with the other hand, and said viciously: "If you see good, you should say good, if you see evil, you should say evil, and if you don't answer, you and others call themselves scholars, and despise me Cao Caoye?"
Xu Zijiang gently pushed him away, his face did not change, but he sneered: "Meng De is really rude." We are so self-indulgent, why are we pretentious?"
Cao Cao laughed, put away the knife, turned his head and left, and said as he walked: "You and other celebrities, what about it? It's just three vulgarities, three cheap, and three traitors!" Xu Zijiang frowned, hurriedly grabbed Cao Cao, and said angrily: "Don't go, if you have something to say, what do you mean by three vulgarities, three cheap and three traitors?"
Cao Cao snorted coldly and said: "Evaluating talents and discussing the door is a big custom; the door of friendship and travel is the door of wealth and nobility, the second is a big custom; fear of the noble person but not self-esteem, the three major customs are also! Admire the name but not be pragmatic, one can be cheap; the ancient and the present and boastful, the other can be cheap; cling to the wang clan and turn their backs on the poor family, the third can be cheap." Obviously he doesn't understand but pretends to be deep, one is a traitor, he plagiarizes others and says it for himself, and the other is a traitor, he is a self-named scholar but has no real talent, and he is also a traitor!"
After hearing this, Xu Zijiang was stunned for a long time, and finally sighed: "I know Meng Deye today! Gift the Cross: The traitor of Qingping, the hero of troubled times. ”
"You are really a confidant!" Cao Cao looked up to the sky and laughed.
Look up to the sky and laugh and go out, how can my generation be a Penghao person.
Troubled times are coming, and my stage is right in front of me.
Cao Cao looked at the surging Rushui and was intoxicated, as if he felt the gears of history begin to turn on him, pouring mountains and seas, burning and boiling blood.
Whether it's a good name or a bad name, in short, Cao Cao is finally famous. For so many years, the "Yuedan Commentary" is full of clichés such as "Yaliang Justice" and "Loyal and Bright", and it is already great to have a "Wang Zuozhicai" at most, but I didn't expect that today, there were shocking cool comments such as "hero" and "traitor", and when the news came out, the Eastern Han Shilin suddenly boiled.
It's dry, be careful of Cao Cao!
In the third year of Emperor Xiping of the Han Dynasty (174 AD), Cao Cao, who had painstakingly obtained Xu Zi's evaluation of Yuedan, finally got his wish and embarked on the right path of probation and promotion, and at the age of 20, he was promoted by the county government as filial piety (Note 4), and then went to the central government to take the qualification examination (Note 5) as required. At that time, the person in charge of the release of Lang officials was Shangshu Youcheng Sima Fang (Sima Yi's father), and Sima Fang recommended Cao Cao to serve as the northern lieutenant of Luoyang County. The counties of the Han Dynasty generally have county captains in charge of catching thieves and military affairs, large counties have two left and right lieutenants, and ordinary counties have one lieutenant, and Luoyang is the first county in the world, so there are four lieutenants in the southeast, northwest and northwest. The rank of the county lieutenant is between 200 stone and 400 stone, and Cao Cao, the lieutenant in the north of Luoyang, belongs to the more important county lieutenant, so the rank is 400 stone. Sima Fang gave Cao Cao this position, mainly because he himself had also done the Luoyang Order, and he had a better understanding of the complex public security situation in Luoyang.
But Cao Cao was not satisfied, he also thought that he had already become famous all over the world after being made by Xu Zijiang after a cool review, this time he had to fight for it, mix with Luoyang Linggan, his big brother Yuan Shao's weak crown is Puyang Chang, and he will surpass him no matter what.
So, Cao Cao took a generous gift and went to Sima Fang to ask for an official, Sima Fang was actually only 26 years old this year, but he was already a very sleek old fox, he didn't want to help in his heart, but he was afraid of offending Cao Cao's high-ranking official father, Cao Song, the big farmer, so he gave the ball to Liang Hu, the secretary of the electoral department, Cao Cao then ran to Liang Hu to ask for an official, but Liang Hu ruthlessly refused. Sima Fang and Liang Hu are actually not wrong, the Luoyang Order is the county order of the first county in the country, in charge of the feet of the Son of Heaven, rank Qianshi, and there are more than 800 subordinates under him, it is impossible for such a big official to be handed over to Cao Cao, a hairy boy, even if the emperor agrees, the majority of officials do not agree.
Many years later, Cao Cao's power leaned towards the opposition, and Liang Hu and Sima Fang's family became his subordinates. Liang Hu is also very interesting, he actually tied himself up and apologized to Cao Cao, Cao Cao smiled and appointed him as the military commander, specifically responsible for the clerical work in Cao Wei's army, it turned out that Liang Hu was a famous calligrapher, which can be regarded as making the best use of his talents. It is said that Cao Cao often hung Liang Hu's calligraphy in his tent or nailed it to the wall for constant enjoyment, and later many plaques in the Yecheng Palace also used Liang Hu's characters (Note 6). As for Sima Fang, this is a big clan in Hanoi, which is quite influential in the Cao Wei regime, so Cao Cao was very polite, specially set up a banquet, cooked wine with green plums, and asked Sima Fang: "Can Lone be reinstated as a lieutenant today?"
Sima Fang was already very old at that time, and Cao Cao was still his protégé, so he should have put on a cold face with his own identity, but after all, their father and son were all messing around in Cao Wei, so they could neither lose their share nor offend, what should they do? "This is called today, you can't deny yesterday's you, if I don't train you, can you grow up to be a generation of Wei kings? You have to thank me! Cao Cao was really happy when he heard this, and while laughing, he couldn't help but think of the past when he was young and frivolous, young and vigorous.
Note 1: As the Art of War became more and more popular after the Warring States Period, some scholars continued to write and interpret Sun Tzu's thoughts, and at the same time, some military books under the name of Sun Tzu were also produced in the society, which were often co-edited with the Art of War, resulting in a surge in the number of articles on the Art of War. In the Western Han Dynasty, the official catalogue of military books, "Seven Strategies, Military Books", and the "Han Books, Art and Literature, Soldiers" written on the basis of it, said that there were as many as 82 articles in "The Art of War", which obviously contained a large number of later writings and pseudo-pretenses. Based on this, Cao Cao "cut its redundancy" and analyzed and restored the original thirteen structures of "The Art of War". and brief and concise annotations. Therefore, Cao Cao played a very key role in the circulation of "The Art of War".
Note 2: The "Qing Discussion" in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the "glitz" in the time of Emperor Wei Ming, and the "Youtan", "Qing Talk" and "Xuantan" after the Wei and Jin dynasties clearly show the miraculous transformation of the Han Jin Shiren group from scholars to angry youths to aristocratic hippies.
Note 3: In the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ban Gu wrote the Book of Han, which listed the "List of Ancient and Modern Characters" and divided historical figures into nine grades to evaluate their superiority (which coincides with Dante's "Divine Comedy" in the West). The Qing Dynasty further developed the model of evaluating people and objects, and divided politicians into clear and turbid currents. The so-called Qingliu refers to the Qing Gaoshi people who have a unique character and style, and insist on drawing a clear line with the eunuch group (in fact, it is the old Monny scholar clan who has been an official for generations with Confucian knowledge); And all this is due to the excessive emphasis on Confucian morality and politics in the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, which led to the fragmentation of the political system in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.
Note 4: During the reign of Emperor Shun of the Han Dynasty, Shangshu Ling Zuo Xiong proposed a reform plan for probation, stipulating that scholars could only be probationed as filial piety if they had reached the age of 40 and had been training at the grassroots level for more than ten years, so as to curb the impetuosity of young people and control the number of candidates. Of course, Zuo Xiong also left a back door for the young talents - if there are Maocai who are different, they can not be informal. Cao Cao was twenty years old and had no qualifications to be promoted as filial piety, his family background and Xu Shao's shocking comments should help him a lot.
Note 5: The Han Dynasty did not need to take the exam, but it was still Shangshu Ling Zuo Xiong who advocated reform, and pioneered the civil official examination system, stipulating that all filial piety and honesty should be "first examined in the public mansion, all students should try the family law (scripture), the scribe class notes, the deputy end door, practice its virtual reality, to observe the ability, to the beauty of customs", once the system was proposed, it received miraculous results, in the examination of the second year of Yangjia, only more than 30 people had to worship Langzhong, only one-tenth of the usual (about 228 people in the Eastern Han Dynasty), so to the Han Chong Emperor Yongxi years, the imperial court" Inspect and choose Qingping, and there are many people". After the Wuhu Rebellion, the civil service examination system was gradually abolished due to the country's "past turmoil and school replacement for a long time" ("Jin Shu Ganzhuo Biography"), but it was reintroduced in the Sui and Tang dynasties and gradually improved into the famous imperial examination system. Later, this system was imitated by the British East India Company to appoint staff, and influenced the European and American governments, becoming the source of the modern civil service examination system in the West.
Note 6: Contained in the Western Jin Dynasty Wei Heng's "Four-Body Book Preface". Of course, Cao Cao was a calligrapher himself. However, according to Nanliang Yu Shouwu's "Book Products", Cao Cao belongs to the fifth grade (middle and middle) among the calligraphers, but Liang Hu belongs to the third grade (upper and lower), and Liang Hu is still at a higher level.