It's almost the New Year, let's also talk about some topics related to Chinese New Year's Eve and Spring Festival.
Betelgeuse, which contains the three stars on the belt of Orion, is called Fu, Lu, and Shou in order from right to left, also known as the general star, and Betelgeuse is the birthday star. On Earth, when night comes, this three-star hangs high in the southern sky, it is during the Spring Festival in ancient China.
From February 1st to 6th, Hubei Province had the strongest large-scale cold wave, low temperature rain and snow freezing weather this winter, and from February 2 to 4, there was moderate to heavy snow and local blizzard in northwest Hubei Province.
1. Cotton
Many people think that there was only "cotton playing" in the Yuan and Ming dynasties, but it is actually a misunderstanding.
During the Tang and Song dynasties, cotton had been introduced to the Central Plains, and the cotton industry had already appeared in the Chuanshu area of Jiangnan, and the cotton in the Song Dynasty was called "Jibei" or "cotton", and Su Shi's poem "Yichang Chinese New Year's Eve Feelings" once wrote that "the eternal leakage and invasion of spring have been counted, and the hearth is still embracing cotton fur." ”
The "quilt" in the Song Dynasty was not called "quilt", but "heavy quilt" or "quilt". 衾, large quilt, refers to a quilt with thick filling.
At that time, cotton was played with a string bow, which was very soft.
However, the ordinary poor people could not afford to use the "cotton jacket", because it had not yet been popularized to the homes of ordinary people at that time, and it was still a valuable thing. In the Southern Song Dynasty, there was a scholar named Huayue, who was very excited after finally getting a quilt, and wrote a poem on the spot: "I am not afraid of the cold night to invade the tent, but I am sad to dream of the balcony in spring." ”
At that time, the poor people could only afford to sleep at night.
What is "Cloth"?
That is, the quilt is made of linen cloth and arrowroot, and the quilt is made of reeds, willow catkins, thatch, and cotton. For example, "picking reed flowers in late autumn and putting them in a quilt bag" is to use reed flowers as a quilt. But the quilt made of hemp and kudzu has a very poor cold-proof effect, and people who freeze to death are not negotiable.
In addition, the filling of the quilt, the ancients would also use goose feathers, chicken feathers, duck down, cashmere, rabbit down and other things to make filling, which is different from the warmth of what reed flowers, catkins, etc. Therefore, the "duck down quilt" and "cashmere quilt" that people like today have been around for thousands of years, and it is not uncommon.
With the continuous progress and maturity of papermaking, some people thought of using paper to make quilts, that is, "paper quilts", and "paper furs" also appeared. "Paper quilt" is the best quality made in Fujian. As for the paper fur, in order to make the paper achieve the effect of windproof, it must go through special treatment, the raw material of the paper fur is thick and tough 楮 (chǔ) leather paper, which is characterized by durability, breathability, and the most important point is that it is cheap and affordable, so it has become the first choice for poor people in winter once it is launched.
So what about the "Mandarin Duck Quilt" of the Later Shu lord Meng Chang (chǎng)?
The "mandarin duck quilt" is a quilt that the ancients used only when they got married. The reason why Meng Chang's mandarin duck quilt is so famous is because the shape of this double quilt is very special, only seen in ancient and modern times, the head of the quilt is made of two holes, if the cloud version is like, the cover is knocked under the head, such as a plate collar, and the remaining brocade on both sides is hugged on the shoulder. This is a "quilt head" dug into a collar, covering the body just to expose two heads.
II. Kakuko
The second child of Montenegro took the wine bowl and drank it all, took a long breath, waved his big hand, and said: "Hey, you don't understand, 'casual food' is a slot (dumpling), and it is called differently in different places! Legend has it that this slot was invented by Zhang Zhongjing, shaped like a glaive moon, eaten all over the world, if you eat it with soup, it is called 'wonton'." How about it, the third brother, the second brother is not bad, is it? Your second brother has traveled from south to north, and he has seen some of the world! Hahaha!"
The fifth old man of Montenegro walked straight over, sat down next to the second brother, and said: "The second brother is right, the legend over there is that Zhang Zhongjing invented the horn when he stepped down as the Taishou of Changsha and returned to his hometown.
It was the cold winter season, the north wind was biting, the snow was flying, his old man saw that many people were homeless, unclothed, hungry and yellow-skinned, and his ears were frozen, and he was very sad, so he thought about it day and night and figured out a 'cold Jiao'er soup', put the mutton and some cold-dispelling medicine in the pot and cook it together, and then take it out and chop it after it was cooked, wrap it with dough, and shape it like an ear, so it was called 'Jiao'er', and then cooked in the pot, and gave each person a bowl of soup and two 'Jiao'er'. This is what became the slot (dumplings).
The displaced people drank mutton soup and ate Jiao'er, and their whole bodies were warm, and not so many people suffered frostbite. Since then, this practice has gradually spread all over the country. ”
The fourth man who poured the wine asked: "Then how did the slots (dumplings) become flat food?"
Lao Wu suddenly sighed and said: "It's not because of the war! When I was born in troubled times, the soldiers were in trouble, and often the battle came before the meal was halfway done, and many people had to drag their children and women to flee in a hurry. Therefore, some people have an idea, as soon as they have free time, they will wrap the vegetables with dough, so that they can carry them with them when they are fleeing, and they can be convenient for cooking when they are hungry, so the slots (dumplings) are also called 'light food', and later, the 'light food' is called 'flat food'. ”
At this time, the boss of Montenegro, who had been silent for a long time, spoke: "Lazy women think about the first month, and greedy women think about cold food." Beijing people are taboo needlework on New Year's Day, my mother-in-law in my family is happy to die every Chinese New Year's Eve without needlework, the horn was later called 'dumplings', because 'dumplings' and 'jiaozi' are homophonic, eating dumplings on the occasion of each year means 'eating jiaozi', eating small money, and making money wide. Dumplings also take the meaning of "more age Jiaozi", "Zi" is "Zishi", "Jiao" and "dumplings" are homophonic, with the meaning of "festive reunion" and "auspicious wishes". ”
3. Spring Festival couplets
Zhongyao said calmly: "I know this, "Meng Shu Peach Fu Poem" has a cloud 'New Year Na Yuqing, Jiajie Changchun', this is the first Spring Festival in history, according to legend, in the second year of Qiande, the Later Shu Emperor Meng Chang (chǎng) composed on Chinese New Year's Eve. ”
"This is indeed the first Spring Festival couplet in history," Cao Tong nodded, "However, the rumors are not accurate enough." Whether this couplet was written by Meng Chang (chǎng) is somewhat debatable, and it is thought that it is most likely the work of Xin 夤 (yín) Xun, a native of Chengdu. According to Kong Pingzhong's "Tan Yuan", at that time, Xin 夤 (yín) was a scholar of Meng Chang (chǎng). Before the royal division of the national dynasty will be discussed, the year is divided, and the scholar is ordered to compose two lines of poetry to write peach symbols, and the inscription of 夤 (yín) is unscribed: 'The New Year is Yuqing, and the Jiajie is Changchun. ’”
Zhongyao pondered for a moment, and then said: "It seems that there is indeed a slight difference between the records of Kong Pingzhong's "Tan Yuan" and "Song History: Shu Family". "History of the Song Dynasty and the Shu Family" said that in the last years of the Later Shu Dynasty, the bachelor Xin Yinxun (i.e., Xin 夤 (yín) Xun, also known as Xing Yinxun) wrote the lyrics, and Chang (chǎng) wrote the title with his non-work, and pretended to write the title cloud: New Year's Nayuqing, Jiajie Changchun.
However, no matter who wrote this poem, it is not surprising that Chengdu has this peach charm rhyme, and the city of peach charms has arisen. As the twilight of the year approaches, families go to Taofu Market to buy a vice Spring Festival couplet, go home and stick it on the door frame, and they can prepare to celebrate the Chinese New Year's Eve and welcome the Spring Festival. Therefore, the custom of 'sticking Spring Festival couplets' gradually rose and spread all over the country. ”
——The above content is excerpted from the tetralogy of "Kunyu Jisheng".
Finally, I wish you all in advance the stars and clouds, prosperity and prosperity, and the New Year.
Sparks one after another, dare to dream
- It is hoped that through the Chinese history and culture combed through the tetralogy of "Kunyu Jisheng", we can strengthen our self-cultivation and raise our awareness, so as to resist the intrusion of foreign dross (from ancient times to the Song Dynasty) [WeChat Reading, Dangdang, Palm Reading (Huawei Mobile Phone Reading), Starting Point, Zhihu, QQ Reading];
- I hope that through "These Things in the Ming Dynasty: The Magnificent History That Was Erased", as well as the Western History Identification Series, the mystery will be broken, more people will be awakened, and the Himalayas will be launched to recognize the history of the modern world for three or four hundred years (from the Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty).
- It is hoped that through the science fiction novel "Psionic 4996" six-part series, on the basis of realistic science and technology, remember the history of modern humiliation, march to the highland of science fiction, look forward to the future, shape a new image of China standing tall in the world, create a grand science fiction universe for Chinese, let more people see the direction led by culture and technology, and walk out of a human road belonging to China (now to the future). WeChat Reading has been launched "The Wind Rises in the West".