Disaster prevention and mitigation
Safety knowledge publicity
Safety is no trivial matter, and it is time for earthquake prevention and disaster reduction. Although earthquakes are currently unavoidable and uncontrollable by human beings, as long as you master some risk avoidance skills, you can minimize the damage from disasters.
Popular knowledge of earthquake prevention
Earthquakes can be divided into the following four categories according to their magnitude:
Weak earthquake: Generally refers to an earthquake with a magnitude of less than 3. Usually the human body is imperceptible to sensation and can only be recorded with an instrument.
Felt earthquakes: Generally refers to earthquakes of magnitude 3 or higher but below 5, which can be felt by people, but generally do not cause damage.
Destructive earthquake: Generally refers to an earthquake of magnitude 5 or higher that can cause damage to the surface of the ground and its buildings.
Severe Damage Earthquake: Refers to an earthquake of magnitude 7 or higher.
How to avoid shocks at school?
When you are in school class, you should quickly hold your head and hide under your desks under the teacher's command. Or quickly evacuate the classroom in an organized manner to a safe place. When in the playground or outdoors, you can squat on the spot and protect your head with your hands. Take care to avoid tall buildings or dangerous objects.
How to avoid shocks in public places?
Obey the instructions of the police or on-site staff, do not panic, do not crowd to the exit, avoid crowds, avoid crowds, and avoid stepping on or squeezing into walls and fences.
How do you absorb the shock in a moving car?
Hold on to the handrails to avoid falling or bruising, lower your center of gravity and hide near your seat, get out of the car after an earthquake has passed, and pull the handbrake to pull the handbrake to apply the brake for safety.
How do you absorb shocks outdoors?
Choose an open area to avoid the shock nearby: crouch or lie down to avoid falling. Don't run around and avoid crowded places. Don't just go back indoors. Avoid tall buildings or structures: buildings, especially those with glass curtain walls, street bridges, overpasses, tall chimneys, water towers, etc. Avoid hazards, towers, or hanging objects: transformers, utility poles, street lights, billboards, cranes, etc.
How do you avoid shocks in the wild?
Avoid dangerous environments on the side of mountains: Avoid steep slopes, mountain banks, and steep banks to prevent landslides, ground fissures, rolling rocks, landslides, mudslides, etc. To avoid landslides, landslides, landslides, and landslides, run perpendicular to the direction where the rocks may move, and do not run down the mountain in the direction of the rocks. You can also take shelter under strong obstacles, taking special care to protect your head. Evacuate quickly to an open area that will not be affected by collapses, landslides, or rolling rocks.
Self-rescue measures in the event of an earthquake
If you are buried under the rubble during an earthquake, try to stabilize yourself and try to get out of danger. Avoid collapsed objects, hanging objects, or other dangerous objects that are not solid above your body. Remove the sundries such as broken bricks and tiles that can be moved around you to expand the activity space.
Note: Do not force yourself when you can't move to prevent further collapse of surrounding debris. Try to use bricks, stones, sticks, etc. to support it in case of aftershocks. Do not use indoor equipment, including power supply, water sources, etc., and do not use open flames. If you smell gas or toxic odors or dust is too high, try to cover your mouth and nose with wet clothing. Don't blindly shout for help, maintain your physical strength, and use knocking sounds and other methods to call for help.
Escape Principle 1: "Squat, Cover, Hold Firm"
Countless earthquake rescue cases have shown that the most dangerous moment of an earthquake is when the shaking is most intense, trying to forcibly escape from the house, or returning to the house to try to rescue a companion and some objects, these actions will increase the chance of being killed or injured by falling objects.
As a result, the internationally accepted principle of earthquake evacuation, "squat, cover, hold", is still valid for at least today.
Escape Principle 2: The Best Route "Stop-Run-Stop"
Earthquakes are actually regular, a shock hits, first the longitudinal waves move up and down, then the transverse waves sway left and right, the short one or twenty seconds, the long one lasts one or two minutes, and then there will be a short period of calm. The longer the interval, the farther away the source is from you.
When the house is shaking, you can hide in a safe place to think, move to the next location when it is not, and hide in a new safe place to hide before the next wave of shaking hits.
In short, the best way to escape is "stop-run-stop" until you move from inside to outside the house, from unsafe to safe.
Escape Principle 3: Avoid secondary disasters
Aftershock prevention measures after an earthquake
Earthquake experts warn that there is no distinction between mainshock and aftershock, and it must not be taken lightly.
First, it is necessary to strictly prevent the occurrence of secondary disasters. For example, landslides, reservoir failures, and leakage collapses of dammed lakes must be kept away from these areas when building temporary shelters.
Second, it is necessary to prevent further damage to dilapidated houses and injure people. Aftershocks continue after the main earthquake, so don't rush into or live in your house after the earthquake until the professional department has conducted a safety appraisal of the house, even if your house has not collapsed.
Third, rescuers and mutual rescue personnel must take certain protective measures during the intensive aftershock activities in a short period of time after the earthquake, improve the awareness and skills of preventing aftershocks, and reduce aftershock casualties.
Self-rescue after being buried
1. Strengthen the will to survive.
2. Break free of your hands and feet, remove the weight on your body, especially your abdomen, and use local materials to strengthen the surrounding support.
3. Move to a light, ventilated place as much as possible.
4. Cover your mouth and nose with a towel or clothing.
5. Find food and water in a space where you can move.
6. Pay attention to conserving physical strength, do not shout loudly for help, use tapping to communicate with the outside world, and call for help when you hear the rescuer approaching.
7. Do not use open flames in closed rooms.
Responding to secondary disasters after an earthquake
火灾
Lie on the ground, cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel, and move to a safe place after the earthquake stops, prostrate and go against the wind.
Leaking pipes
Inspect gas lines, electrical wiring, and water pipes for damage. If you smell it, inspect gas pipes, electrical wiring and water pipes for damage. If you smell gas or see a broken pipe, turn off the main valve that enters the gas pipeline from the outside and do not light matches to find the gas leak. Do not close the switch again until the power supply bureau comes to do a safety check.
landslide
When the landslide body slides, it should escape in the direction of the vertical landslide, and run to the high places on both sides in the landslide accumulation area, and cannot run to the hill directly opposite the landslide.
mudslide
As soon as you hear the sound of a mudslide and a mudslide warning, immediately flee to the alpine areas on both sides of the main river.
Disasters are no trivial matter, prevention should be timely, let us work together to pay attention to earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, establish risk awareness, master escape skills, and build a solid line of defense against disasters!
Source: Ministry of Emergency Management
Editor: Zuo Tingting