History can be interesting, knowledge is all around you, and a treasure of the day will take you from the clues of cultural relics to see through the secrets that have been sealed for a long time. The treasure I want to interpret for you today is the Qianlong enamel color rouge brocade folded branch peony pattern palace bowl.
【Description of cultural relics】
Qianlong enamel color rouge red palace bowl. The palace bowl, diameter 15.5 cm; , 7.6 cm high, outward skimming, deep and wide abdomen, circled feet. White glaze is applied inside, no ornamentation, the outer wall is made of carmine color on the astringent tire, the bowl body is painted with peony decoration, the bowl mouth is painted with the word "Hui" pattern, and the bowl foot is decorated with auspicious cloud pattern. It is now in the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.
【Historical Value】
In the 8,000-year-long history of ceramic development in China, enamel porcelain is the work of the peak period of ancient Chinese ceramics, and it represents the highest level of Chinese ceramic production.
【Cultural Relics Story】
Qing enamel color, one of the decorative techniques of porcelain, originated from the enamel painting technique. Porcelain that uses enamel color decoration techniques, that is, enamel color porcelain, is officially called "porcelain fetal painting enamel", which is also often referred to as enamel color. Enamel color is a kind of glaze color decoration technique transplanted to the porcelain fetus by painting enamel technique, which is called "Gu Yuexuan" by later generations, and "rose color" by foreign countries.
Enamel color was created in the late Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, and by the time of Yongzheng, enamel color was further developed. The heyday of enamel was from Yongzheng to Qianlong. Among them, the enamel porcelain of the Yongzheng period has the highest level, and the craftsmanship is the most beautiful, and after the Qianlong period, it slowly turned to pastel, and the porcelain of enamel and pastel coexisted. Therefore, it can also be considered that enamel porcelain ended in the late Qianlong period. Strictly speaking, the enamel porcelain before the Republic of China was all made for the Qing royal family. After the Republic of China, imitation burnt products began to appear and flowed into the society.
Therefore, Jingdezhen is known as "ten pieces of pastel is not as good as a bucket color, ten pieces of bucket color is not as good as a piece of enamel color", from this statement, it shows the preciousness and special of enamel color. From its firing location, we can know one or two, the Qing Dynasty set up the imperial kiln factory in Jingdezhen, and the imperial kiln factory was responsible for firing the porcelain used by the imperial palace, which included blue and white, doucai, pastel, five-color and other colored porcelain, but rarely fired enamel color, the reason why the enamel color was not fired in Jingdezhen was because the emperor attached special importance to the enamel color, and he needed to direct the firing of enamel porcelain at close range. Therefore, the court would first transport glutinous rice tires from the Jingdezhen Imperial Kiln Factory to Beijing, then dispatch the best imperial painters from Jingdezhen to create them, and finally the craftsmen of the Ministry of Internal Affairs would fire them, and the emperor would personally participate in the whole process, making changes until the enamel was fired to his satisfaction. Such production grades and production specifications are not only incomparable with other porcelains in the Qing Dynasty, but also have not seen similar cases before the Qing Dynasty.
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