#凝固汽油弹 (napalm), which was used in "World War II, the burning of Tokyo, the Vietnam War, the Iraq War, and the Falklands War", the United States used napalm to cause devastating damage to Tokyo, and even more casualties than the "atomic bomb" explosions in Hiroshima or Nagasaki, in just one bombing, 2,000 tons of napalm almost flattened more than 40 square kilometers of city center, more than 260,000 buildings were burned, and nearly 100,000 people were directly burned.
The biggest feature of napalm is that it has a long burning time and high temperature, and it is not easy to be removed when it sticks to skin and objects. In order to attack targets in water, alkaline metals such as calcium and barium are added to some napalms, and when the metal is combined with water, the hydrogen gas released is combusted. In order to increase the temperature, burning metal phosphorus, magnesium, granular aluminum, etc. are added to some napalm, which will sputter around and firmly adhere to the surface of various objects when exploding, and continue to burn for a long time, emitting a high temperature of 1000 °C to 2000 °C.
In fact, the development of this napalm is "the end of World War II", the United States for Japan's large area of wooden buildings and invented viscous gasoline fuel bomb, in fact, it is not real gasoline, but a synthetic cheap colloidal incendiary, after the explosion will produce a high-temperature flame of more than 1000 degrees Celsius, not only can be firmly adhered to the object for a long time to burn, even in the water can produce hydrogen with water to further intensify the combustion, that is to say, even with water can not be extinguished. Because of its strong concentration and dispersion, concentration is that when an incendiary bomb falls into the target and explodes, it will produce a large ignition point. And its dispersion is to tie dozens of small napalm together with iron hoops, and the hoops are equipped with fuses, when they are thrown from the plane to a certain height, the fuses on the hoop explode in the room and the hoop will collapse, and dozens of small napalm bombs will land separately in an instant, scattered on a large area and burn, and they cannot be extinguished with water, because water is heavier than oil, and napalm can float on the water surface and continue to burn.
The inventor originated from "Harvard University chemist Louis Fisse" and his research and development team, originally designed napalm to destroy buildings, and later evolved into a weapon to kill people, this bomb uses "naphthenes and palmitic acid" mixed with gasoline to make it viscous, and napalm is added with phosphorus, so that napalm will penetrate into the human skin and continue to burn, thus causing more damage.
When napalm burns in the air, it also rapidly consumes nearby air and oxygen, producing large amounts of nitric oxide and suffocating personnel. In addition to burns and suffocation, it can also cause the victim to become unconscious, because napalm burns may have inhaled large amounts of hot air, smoke and combustion products, causing severe respiratory and lung damage, or carbon monoxide poisoning, the toxic effects of benzene and phosphorus, etc., once attacked by such weapons, even if they are not burned to death, they will be burned, leaving serious sequelae.
#1945年2月23至24日期间的 "burning Tokyo" and causing thousands of Japanese to experience a "Li Mei barbecue" that was several times more cruel than the "atomic bomb", General Curtis Lemay of the U.S. Army led 174 "B-29 bombers" carrying a large number of napalm bombs launched the first large-scale attack on "Tokyo, Japan", resulting in an area of about 2.56 square kilometers of Tokyo being engulfed in flames. From March 9 to 10, 1945, the U.S. military dispatched another 334 "B-29 bombers" from the "Mariana Islands" to bomb Tokyo again using napalm for two hours. And each bomber carried about 8 tons of incendiary bombs, that is to say, the bomb fire of a single aircraft can cover an area of 6,500 square meters, and the total amount of 334 B-29 bombers exceeded 2,000 tons of incendiary bombs.
At 24:15 that night, two US "navigators" were the first to arrive over Tokyo and dropped flares and incendiary bombs on the target area to indicate the target for the follow-up bombers. Subsequently, a large number of bombers dropped incendiary bombs according to the instructions of the navigator, and the raging fire appeared in a whirlwind, and the extremely high temperature and strong convective wind formed by the cold air intensified the spread of the fire. Eventually, about a quarter of Tokyo was almost flattened, causing unprecedented damage and casualties.
# General "Li Mei" is a recognized hero in World War II, wrote a strong and powerful stroke in the history of World War II, he firmly believes in violence, and is also a believer and practitioner of the American "strategic bombing" idea, he is a man of few words but regards heavy bombers as a confidant, but is extremely strict with the pilots under him, so he is also known as the "Eagle of the Cold War".
#自第二次世界大战起. The U.S. military used "incendiary bombs and cluster bombs" in almost all wars in which it participated, and in the "Vietnam War", the U.S. military dropped one million pounds of napalm; in the "Iraq War", the U.S. military dropped 63 gallons of aviation fuel and 44 gallons of polystyrene-like "MK-77" napalm, and in the "Falklands War" in 1982, the Argentine Air Force dropped 220 kilograms of "M-2 napalm"; The Philippine military dropped four 260-pound napalm bombs against the Abu Sayyaf armed nest and using OV-10 bombers.
Napalm has a wide range of damage, and in 1972 a photograph of a Vietnamese girl running naked caused a sensation around the world, the girl was splashed with napalm and burned, but fortunately the people around her reacted quickly and quickly took off her clothes, so that the little girl was prevented from being burned to death. Because the reporter captured the footage of this scene, it inspired anti-war demonstrations in the United States.
#美国 called the three most evil weapons of war, "napalm, cluster bombs, and poison gas bombs", the United Nations conference was held in Geneva, Switzerland, on October 10, 1980, and the main purpose of the meeting was to adopt the Protocol on Prohibitions and Restrictions on the Use of Incendiary Weapons on a humanitarian basis.
#Weaponry##U.S. Weaponry##Napalm##Burning Tokyo##Vietnam War##Iraq War##Falklands War##B-29##OV-10 Bomber##Incendiary Bomber#