At the end of 2023, a number of cities in mainland China will "coincidentally" issue bulky waste management measures or guidance. First, on December 13, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province issued the "Guiding Opinions on the Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Bulky Garbage in Xi'an" to further standardize the management of the collection, transportation and disposal of bulky garbage; then, on December 17, Xiamen, Fujian Province revised and formed a new "Xiamen Bulky Waste Management Measures (Draft for Review)", which optimized and stipulated the definition, collection, transportation and management of "bulky garbage".
The reporter found that as a problem of urban solid waste management, in addition to Xi'an and Xiamen, there is no shortage of management methods or regulations for bulky garbage in other cities. Clarify the methods of delivery, collection, transportation and disposal of "bulky garbage", and build bulky garbage treatment facilities...... They provide a positive contribution to solving the problem of bulky waste.
But at the same time, many residents are still struggling with how to dispose of "bulky garbage". What is the tricky problem and how can it be solved?
In accordance with the provisions of the "Municipal Domestic Waste Classification and Evaluation Standards", the mainland will classify bulky garbage as municipal solid waste. At present, the garbage classification work in mainland China has entered a stage of rapid development, and the classification of bulky garbage and its resource utilization have gradually become a new task in many places.
"The total amount of bulky waste accounts for about 1%-10% of the total municipal solid waste, and most of it is free from the waste recycling system. Lan Yajun, director of the garbage classification committee of the Guizhou Provincial Institute of Ecological Civilization Construction, told reporters that the management of bulky garbage belonging to the municipal solid waste branch is currently in the stage of continuous exploration and improvement.
In 2010, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the Technical Requirements for the Collection and Utilization of Bulky Waste, which is the first special regulation for bulky waste disposal in mainland China, which specifies the definition and treatment requirements for bulky waste.
With the comprehensive promotion of domestic waste classification, standards and local management policies for bulky waste disposal have been introduced. For example, the China Urban Environmental Sanitation Association has successively issued the "Standards for the Establishment of Bulky Garbage Distribution Facilities", "Technical Regulations for the Treatment of Bulky Garbage", and "Technical Regulations for the Collection and Transportation of Bulky Garbage";
"However, there are no management methods or implementation rules specifically for bulky waste at the national level, and the management methods and concepts of bulky waste are mostly referred to in the management of municipal solid waste. Lan Yajun said.
The reporter's investigation found that there are still many residents in their lives who report that "it is very tricky to dispose of bulky garbage, and the community does not let it be littered and transported away, and it is not known where to transport it".
When furniture or office supplies become bulky garbage, where can they go?"When dealing with bulky garbage, residents should consider the ecological and economic benefits in an orderly manner, and follow the hierarchical management model of 'source reduction-reuse-recycling' as much as possible. Lan Yajun told reporters that in the current main way of processing, it is recommended to give priority to replacement in the second-hand market. "In fact, a lot of old furniture is not waste furniture, and some can be reused with a little repair, which is more ecological and economical. ”
Secondly, some communities will set up temporary storage points for bulky garbage, and residents can put it in designated locations according to regulations. "If residents do not know the location of the collection point, they can consult the street or property management department of the community before putting it in. ”
Finally, you can also look for a professional bulky waste treatment plant for recycling. If it is inconvenient to carry bulky garbage, residents can make an appointment online through telephone, APP, small program, etc., and the treatment plant will estimate the treatment cost according to factors such as the residual value of the item, the distance, and the floor condition.
Although there are a variety of bulky garbage disposal channels, the reporter's investigation found that in the actual implementation process, it is inevitable to encounter many problems.
For example, realizing second-hand circulation at the front end and trading second-hand goods is an important way to reduce bulky garbage. But it's not easy to resell. For example, online second-hand platforms sometimes cost more postage than idle items, and for offline second-hand platforms, residents have fewer ways to get them, and many second-hand furniture and thrift markets only accept branded furniture and some office furniture.
Moreover, at present, the community level is limited by the site and other conditions, and the number of large-scale garbage drop-off points is insufficient. Yang Jiwei, a researcher at the Wuhu Ecological and Environmental Protection Volunteer Association in Anhui Province, told reporters that during their investigation, they found that only some large-scale communities and garbage sorting pilot communities were equipped with bulky garbage delivery points.
Turning to the professional large-scale garbage treatment plant, the reporter searched and found that there are indeed many channels in various cities, just make an appointment on the web page or the corresponding applet to place an order, and there are professional institutions to clean up. However, the paid removal has "discouraged" many residents.
"At present, residents' awareness of garbage payment is insufficient, which is a major problem for bulky garbage disposal. Lan Yajun told reporters that in the survey, residents often encountered, residents do not understand, why useless large items have to spend money to throw away, and the third party or the property department can also be recycled to make money, why make money on both sides?
Liu Yang, director of the Gongyi School Social Work Service Center in Tianfu New District, Chengdu, Sichuan, told reporters that when they investigated the recycling and disposal of large garbage in the community, they also found that residents' awareness of self-payment was very low, and they would confuse garbage removal and disposal fees.
"Since residents pay regular garbage removal fees, they believe that bulky garbage is domestic garbage and should be handed over to the government for unified disposal if they have paid, and some residents believe that the property management fee paid includes the cost of disposing of bulky garbage, which should be handled by the property. Liu Yang told reporters that the garbage removal fee is different from the garbage disposal fee, the garbage removal fee is charged by the property, including the general (four categories) of domestic garbage from the community to the transfer station required for cleaning and removal costs, and the garbage disposal fee is charged by the government, including the general domestic garbage from the transfer station to the back-end professional garbage treatment plant required collection, transportation and treatment costs. Bulky garbage removal and treatment is not embedded in the general household waste removal and treatment mode.
The high cost of removal due to its characteristics is another problem faced by bulky waste disposal. "Bulky garbage occupies a large space, is inconvenient to collect and transport, and has low added value, low recyclability rate, high transportation costs, inconvenient on-site dismantling, and complex recycling and processing. Residents are not willing to dispose of it due to the high cost, and recycling companies are not willing to collect low-value bulky waste. Lan Yajun said.
"When there is a lack of bulky garbage drop-off points in the community, and enterprises need to provide similar customized individual services, the cost of removal and transportation is high, and the cost of payment is high, and it is difficult for residents to accept, which is interlocking. Liu Yang said.
In addition, the lack of unified bulky garbage management methods or implementation rules, the lack of reasonable planning in the stacking, collection, transportation, disposal and other links of bulky garbage, the formation of a complete management system, but also to solve the problem of bulky garbage disposal to bring certain resistance.
The collection and transportation of bulky garbage is an important intersection of garbage classification and renewable resources, and further standardizing the management of bulky garbage is conducive to promoting the development of economic circulation and accelerating the construction of a resource-saving and environment-friendly society.
Lan Yajun suggested that publicity and guidance should be strengthened to enhance residents' awareness of source reduction and garbage payment. Advocate residents to have a sense of conservation and environmental protection, reduce the generation of bulky garbage from the source, and strengthen publicity through media and other channels to enhance residents' awareness of "who produces polluting who pays, and who pays more", so that residents can clarify their obligations, cultivate their green and low-carbon lifestyles and awareness of the classification and recycling of bulky garbage, consciously do a good job in front-end garbage reduction and classification, and improve the awareness rate of large-scale garbage classification and disposal. Relevant departments should carry out scientific calculations and issue guidance prices for door-to-door recycling of bulky garbage, so that the charges have rules to follow and residents pay clearly.
"It is very important to raise the awareness of residents to pay for the treatment of bulky garbage, so it is very important to innovate publicity and mobilization methods. In our experience, the involvement of residents in community governance in the form of arts activities will significantly increase the participation of residents. Liu Yang suggested that by gathering social forces and resources to form a "pluralistic participation" work model, various artistic activities can be carried out to intervene in community environmental governance, so that the community can complete the process of self-organization, self-governance and self-development, and promote the concept of community large-scale garbage payment and source reduction guidance.
At the same time, the community can also use the problem of large-scale garbage disposal as the "entry point" to attract social enterprises and organizations to participate in community activities, provide residents with large-scale waste management services in the form of "public welfare + low compensation", and feed back to the community fund in the form of "revenue sharing" to provide sustainable garbage classification publicity and mobilization support for the community.
At the government level, social capital can be encouraged to participate in the collection, transportation and treatment of bulky garbage, explore market-oriented operation channels for bulky garbage collection and transportation, actively promote the integration of collection, transportation and treatment, and improve and optimize the mode of bulky garbage collection and transportation.
At the institutional level, it is also necessary to establish and improve the management methods or implementation rules for the whole chain of bulky garbage as soon as possible, bring the collection, transportation and treatment of bulky garbage into the standardized track, clarify the responsibilities of local governments and departments at all levels, and carry out full-chain management of bulky garbage. Use system guidance to ensure the orderly operation of all aspects of bulky garbage disposal, form a perfect disposal process, reduce the disposal cost of bulky garbage, and improve the convenience of disposal.
In addition, in terms of planning and design, Lan Yajun suggested that the large-scale garbage disposal sites should be included in the overall consideration of the urban planning system in the future, so as to achieve sufficient point coverage and realize the unity of convenience and economic benefits. It is also possible to explore the establishment of a trading platform for large pieces of waste, specializing in the trading of large pieces of furniture and waste household appliances that have recyclable value.
Source: China Environment APP