Tan Yushan ║ Tanglong Town Preliminary Examination
Studying the history of the Song, Liao, Jin, and Western Xia, Tanglongzhen has always been an unavoidable topic. Located on the border of these regimes, Tanglong has always been one of the key areas of military and diplomatic contention between the parties. However, due to the age and lack of materials, the historiography has paid less attention to Tanglong Town. In recent years, I have led relevant experts to conduct field investigations on the ruins of the ancient city of Taiziliang in Longkou Town, Zhunger Banner, Inner Mongolia, and at the same time consulted a large number of materials to preliminarily outline the historical context of Tanglong Town......
Tanglong Town, formerly under the Prefecture of Zheshi, is one of the five towns of Yuanhe (Zihe Town, Tanglong Town, Fugu Town, etc.) under its leadership. After the Chenqiao Mutiny (960), Tang Longzhen was merged with the Song Dynasty. In the first year of Taiping Xingguo (976), on the eve of Taizong's attack on the Northern Han Dynasty, he ordered the general Yuan Jizhong to "patrol and curb the border in Tanglong Town". In the fourth year of Taiping Xingguo (979), Tanglong Town came from Fuzhou to Xinqin County, Linzhou. After the first year of Tiansheng (1023), "all the official affairs reported by Tanglong Town" were all handled by the military and horse division of Linfu Road. The Song people took advantage of the Huairou policy to establish a loose subordinate relationship with Tanglong Town. For example, the local tyrants are allowed to come to the hereditary town generals, agree to the tribal disputes "according to the law of Tibet", give preferential treatment to the attached Tanglong Town, prohibit Fuzhou from entering the territory of Tanglong Town without authorization, and encourage normal trade between Fuzhou and Tanglong Town, etc. According to the above information, Tanglong Town was set up in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties period.
According to the first volume of the "General Essentials of the Wujing", which was written in the reign of Song Renzong (1023-1063), the seventeenth volume of the "Fuzhou" article is downloaded: "(Fuzhou) is one hundred and fifty miles northeast to Tanglong Town...... Tanglong Town, the old Yao subordinated to the state. ...... , southeast to Volcano Jun Kuratsu, north to Gushengzhou, northwest to Liupagawa, northeast to Zihe Mixed Pond River. ......”。 In addition, the article "Geography of Western Tibet" in the first volume of the "General Essentials of the Martial Arts" clearly states: "Tanglong Town, in the realm of Shengzhou, has a steep terrain. Twenty miles east to the Yellow River, the east of the river is called Dong, and the west of the river is called Xi, which is beyond the reach of cavalry. After research, the volcanic army Jiuliangjin is located in the southwest of Nanyuan Village, the county seat of Hequ County, Shanxi Province ("Hequ County Chronicles" records as Jiuliangjin, now known as Jiuliangtan). Gusheng Prefecture is located in the southwest of Tuoketuo County, Inner Mongolia. Liupachuan, for the Inner Mongolia Zhunge Banner Nalin River, into Shaanxi after the name of Huangfu River. Zihe is located at the confluence of the Hunhe River and the Qingshui River in Qingshuihe County, Inner Mongolia, and is now known as the mouth of the Chahe River. According to the above information, it can be completely determined that the ancient city of Taiziliang Village, Longkou Town, Zhunger Banner is the site of Tanglong Town.
The ancient city of Taiziliang is 8 kilometers away from Mazha Village, the seat of the government of Longkou Town, Zhunger Banner, and is located in the Broken Bridge Natural Village, Taiziliang Administrative Village. The city is terrained and precipitous, surrounded by ditches, high pheasant moats, and chongyong bulges, and is located on a tall platform. The east of the ancient city is 20 miles away from the Yellow River, which is completely consistent with the data. The city site is rectangular, the middle is high and prominent, the four sides are trapezoidal and divided into three layers of platform shape, the whole city is in the shape of a tower, and the drop is about 30 meters. Now the ruins are divided into two layers, more than 250 meters from north to south of the upper city, more than 100 meters from east to west, the city wall is built according to the mountain situation, the widest part of the wall base is 40 meters, the outline of the city site is clear, the preservation is relatively complete, the remains of the large-scale high platform building can be seen in the site, the cultural accumulation layer is deep, the Song Dynasty Ding kiln, Yaozhou kiln, Longquan kiln and Liaobai, Liao Sancai and other porcelain pieces are many. It is more than 300 meters from north to south and more than 180 meters from east to west. The outline of the city is relatively well preserved. 1,000 meters to the north, there is a giant beacon, which can be seen within a radius of 5 kilometers, and forms a complete defense system with the ancient city. Locals call this place the original name of Luzhai City, and legend has it that it was the refuge of King Luling of Tang Dynasty. After Wu Zetian ascended the throne and became emperor, he forced her sons Li Xian and Li Dan to go out as officials, and Li Xian, the king of Luling, was Wu Zetian's third son, which is consistent with historical facts, but whether Li Xian has been to Tanglong Town remains to be verified. Later, Li Xian ascended the throne and became the emperor, called Tang Zhongzong, and the local people thought that he was the true dragon son of the Tang Dynasty, so he renamed this place Tanglong Town. According to the local village party secretary, there is the tomb of King Luling in the south of the city, where there are often stone sheep, stone tables, etc. unearthed, so the local people call it Shiyang, there is a 5-kilometer-long tunnel, all the way to the Luyao ditch outside the city, due to the time relationship, we did not make a detailed investigation, but the cultural accumulation layer in the site was preliminarily verified, and the cultural relics of the Song and Liao periods, such as the stone pillar base, square bricks, tiles, porcelain tiles, coins, rolling stones, thunder stones, stone grinding troughs and city walls, were photographed, and the scope of Tanglong Town was preliminarily determined.
Tanglong Town was a special local government in the Song, Liao, Western Xia and Jin periods, and it was not a county and was built for the military. It was the same as Lin, Fu and Feng Prefectures, and the Song Dynasty placed Linfu Road here and placed it under the jurisdiction of Hedong Road. It borders Liao and Western Xia, and is a strategic place to control the northwest, defend Liaoxia, and shield the east of the river. At the same time, it is a multi-ethnic area where the Tibetan and Han people live together, and the residents are mainly Dangxiang people. In the fourth year of Xianping (1001), Tanglong Town has been within the reach of the Western Xia Bingfeng. According to the fortieth volume of the "Continuation of Capital and Governance Tongjian", "(in the fourth year of Xianping) Xin Mao, Linfu and Turbidity Wheel Deputy Deployment Cao Cang led the familiar household soldiers to invite Li Jiqian to attack Xiliu Pachuan, Tanglong Town." In the fourth year of Jingde (1007), the Liao Dynasty was also involved in the internal disputes of Tanglong Town. "History of the Song Dynasty" volume 491 "Dang Xiang Biography" contains: "(Jingde) four years, the Qiang people of Tanglong Town came to the United States and their uncle Lu Buye, summoned the Khitan to break it, and came to Yifu Prefecture. The big clans of the United States and Africa, try to hold both ends, and they are also close to the border, and if they are interested in sending troops, they will go to the east of the river and call the east of the river, and the Khitan will add troops, and they will enter the west of the river and say the west of the river. This kind of contention made Tanglong Town in a very difficult situation, and had to "try to hold both ends, the Khitan and Xia Kingdom" during the Song Dynasty, and this phenomenon of tripartite co-ownership lasted for more than 20 years. In the first year of Qingli (1041), the leader of Tanglong Town came to guard Shun and rebelled against the western boundary, and Tanglong Town was annexed by the Xia State. In the eighteenth year of Liao Chongxu (1049), the Liao army captured Tanglong Town, which was dilapidated at this time, and the clan tent was empty. Under these circumstances, the Liao people took measures to restore and develop the economy in the area of Tanglong Town, such as relocating the Yan people and setting up an anti-autumn army garrison, and at the same time, they built a new state city in Hedong, which was convenient for defense, called "Yongbian Prefecture", and changed Tanglong Town to Tanglong Town. Ningbian Prefecture is governed in Xiachengwan Village, Yaogou Township, southwest of Qingshuihe County, Inner Mongolia, and the area under its jurisdiction is still the hometown of Tanglong Town, and Xiachengwan Village used to belong to Biguan County, Shanxi, and after 1946, it was assigned to Qingshuihe County, Inner Mongolia. In 1124, Jin defeated Liao, occupied Yongbyon Prefecture, attacked Liao, set up Ningbian to assassinate Shizhou and Zhenxi Army, and later placed Yongbian County. In 1216, there were six thousand and seventy-two households in Yongbyon State. After the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, in the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (1336), Yongbyon Prefecture was divided into two parts, half of which was subordinate to Wuzhou and led Yongbyon County, and half was subordinate to Shengzhou and led Dongsheng County. In the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1138), Yongbyon County and Dongsheng County were cut into their respective prefectures. At this point, the more than 200-year history of Tanglong Town, which had a separate administrative system, came to an end.
In the Song, Liao, Xixia regime parallel period, Tanglong town north of Shengzhou is the largest mutual market in the northwest region, the rapid economic development of the field, Fu, Lin, Feng, Tanglong town and its trade, especially Tanglong town unique geographical location, become the center of trade of all parties, Liao, Xixia camels, horses, cattle, sheep, felt carpets, jade and medicinal materials and Song textiles, porcelain, lacquerware, etc. are exchanged here, the prosperity of commerce and trade has made this region maintain a relatively stable and peaceful environment for a long time, Tanglong Town has become an important commercial town in the north during this period. During the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, this is due to the fact that it is located in the border area of Shaanxi, Jin and Mongolia, and the trade between Mongolia and Han is also very prosperous, and a large number of horses, camels and sheep are traded here every year.