Founding Lieutenant General Luo Yuanfa recalled the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression": the Jigong Mountain and Gaohuyuan Resistance Battle

Chiang Kai-shek was unwilling to die after the failure of the fourth "suppression of the Communists", so he had to ask the imperialists for help and purchase a large number of new weapons. After thorough preparations, in September 1933, more than 500,000 troops and 200 planes were mobilized to launch the fifth "encirclement and suppression" against the central Soviet region by three routes. This time, Chiang Kai-shek personally went to Nanchang to take command and ordered Gu Zhutong to be the commander-in-chief of the Northern Route Army, Chen Jitang to be the commander-in-chief of the Southern Route Army, and He Yingqin to be the commander-in-chief of the Western Route Army. The Northern Route Army concentrated 330,000 men and launched an attack from the north of the Central Soviet District. The first way was to attack the Jishui and Yongfeng areas, and the vanguard Zhou Hunyuan's column was about four divisions, and on September 25 began to advance towards saltpeter and Icheon. Chen Cheng was the third road, commanding three divisions as reserves, pinning down our army in the direction of Jianning. The opponent of our Red Fifth Army was Chen Cheng's Third Route Army.

In this "encirclement and suppression" campaign, the enemy has drawn lessons from the previous attempts, changed its strategy and tactics, adopted "three parts military and seven points political," combined the armor protection system with the economic blockade, adopted the fortress doctrine in the offensive, fought steadily and steadily, and gradually advanced and compressed our base areas. The enemy launched an offensive every morning, stopped the offensive after advancing two or three miles, immediately built fortifications and pillboxes, repaired the road and then advanced, and formed a blockade zone for the Soviet area.

Under the command of the erroneous line (Bogu presided over the work), the German Li De commanded the Red Army, and put forward the idea of "keeping the enemy out of the country", dividing the troops, passively defending, confronting the enemy, and adopting short surprise attacks to deal with the enemy's attack, so that the Red Army was in a passive position to be beaten. On October 6, the Red Third Army Corps and the Red Fifth Army Corps were ordered to attack the saltpeter area, a fortified position garrisoned by the enemy's 24th Division, in an attempt to force the enemy occupying Icheon away, but the saltpeter could not be defeated after five days of fighting.

At that time, the 34th Division of the 5th Army Corps was tasked with pinning down the enemy. Our regiment fought many battles in five days, suffered more than 200 casualties, and the troops were very tired, and they had to continue to dig trenches and build fortifications. At this time, Li De ordered the Red Fifth Army to attack the Zixi Bridge at the junction with the White Zone, attack the enemy's 25th Division, and proposed to have a decisive battle with the enemy. As a result, our army suffered heavy casualties and failed to capture the Zixi Bridge.

On October 28, 1933, the Military Commission decided to organize the Red Fifth Army into two corps, the Seventh and the Ninth. Luo Binghui, commander of the Ninth Army Corps, and Cai Shufan, political commissar, commanded the 3rd Division, the new 14th Division, and the 1st and 4th Independent Regiments. Cheng Zihua, commander of the new 14th Division, and Zhu Liangcai, political commissar. Due to the reorganization of the troops of the Red Fifth Army Corps, a part of the cadres was transferred to the new 14th Division of the Ninth Army Corps. At this time, I was transferred to the 42nd Regiment of the New 14th Division of the Ninth Army Corps as a political commissar. The regiment commander's surname was Li, and he was also newly transferred, so we got acquainted with the situation as soon as possible and commanded the troops to fight. Since the unit is newly established, with new recruits accounting for one-third of the total, although its combat effectiveness is not very strong, it is faced with the task of frequent struggle against "encirclement and suppression."

In November 1933, the 1st and 9th Army Corps were ordered to attack northward from the gap between the enemy blockade line in the Jianxian Bridge and Changyin area to cooperate with the Eastern Route Army. The enemy concentrated about 10 divisions to attack Xinfeng Street in an attempt to cut off the retreat of our troops. The 42nd Regiment of our new 14th Division participated in this battle for two months, but failed to stop the enemy's attack, and as a result, suffered more than 100 casualties. The troops were very tired from marching and fighting, and the enemy gradually advanced westward, attempting to form a blockade line from Icheon to Nanfeng, and launched an attack on our army from the line of Fenglintang Sanxi in the southwest of Nanfeng. The 14th Division of the 9th Army Corps cooperated with the 1st Army Corps and Chen Yi's troops to fight against the enemy. Our regiment was ordered to defend in the area of Jigong Mountain and prevent the enemy from advancing south from Tiancun, Nanban, and Fengxiangfeng.

The terrain of Jigong Mountain is dangerous, the slope is high (about 700 meters), and the three headlands are connected, easy to defend and difficult to attack, and it has always been a place for soldiers to fight. Control the main peak of Jigong Mountain, which is condescending, can prevent the enemy from advancing to the southwest and disrupt the enemy's deployment.

On February 19, 1934, our regiment was ordered to occupy the highest peak of Jigong Mountain. Regiment Leader Li and I first led the cadres to inspect the terrain and assign tasks. The 1st, 2nd, and 3rd companies were ordered to build fortifications near the two hills 150 meters in front of Jigong Mountain, and the 4th and 5th companies and the regimental machine gun platoon were in reserve. The regimental headquarters was set up on a hill in front of the main peak of Jigong Mountain, commanded the troops, and used radio to communicate with the division headquarters. At the pre-war mobilization meeting, I said: "Our regiment is blocking the enemy's 91st and 14th divisions this time, and they are more than 10 times more than 10 times more than us. Comrades, do we have the confidence to fight this battle well?" "Resolutely complete the task!" The soldiers' resounding answers floated over the mountains of Jigong Mountain.

On 20 February, Luo Zhuoying, commander-in-chief of the enemy's fifth column, ordered Li Shusen's 94th Division to attack as the main attack, and the enemy's 14th Division to assist in advancing from the direction of Tamura to the south and from the northeast to the southwest. At about 9 o'clock in the morning, with the cooperation of enemy planes and artillery, about two regiments of troops attacked the front of the main position of our regiment. Enemy planes continued to bomb and strafe, and with more than a dozen guns, they fiercely bombarded our forward positions to cover the infantry attack. The battles are getting fiercer and fiercer each time. The 1st and 3rd companies counterattacked the enemy from their positions and repelled the enemy, with 70 or 80 casualties among the enemy and more than 20 casualties on our side. In order to prepare for another enemy attack, I asked all companies to repair fortifications and bunkers, and at the same time called on all comrades to resolutely complete the combat mission assigned to our regiment by their superiors.

At about ten o'clock, the enemy launched a second attack. This time, in addition to launching a frontal attack, the enemy also carried out a roundabout encirclement from both sides of our position, and the troops and firepower were more fierce than the first time. Enemy death squads oversaw the battle. The battle was fierce. After several assaults, the right side of our forward position was broken through by the enemy. We organized the 4th and 5th companies to reinforce the 1st and 3rd companies, and after several counterattacks, we finally recaptured the position. The casualties of our troops increased, and the commander of a company was wounded, and the battle continued under the command of the instructor. The enemy was not willing to accept defeat and launched one battle after another. The forward positions were broken through by the enemy, and we counterattacked with four or five company reserves, and the regimental garrison was gradually transferred to the second line of positions. By noon, the enemy temporarily stopped attacking.

Since the telephone could not be reached, the regiment commander and I used the radio to contact the division headquarters. Division Commander Cheng and Political Commissar Zhu instructed us in the telegram that all units of the division should continue to stop the enemy in the front, strive to take advantage of the terrain to hold their positions, inflict heavy casualties on the enemy, ensure the readjustment of the deployment of our army's main force, and continue to resist the attack of Chen Cheng's column. He also asked our regiment to hold out until dusk in the afternoon before moving its position. According to the instructions of the division commander, the regiment commander and I studied that until noon, there is still half a day, and we must gain time to strengthen the fortifications of the second line of positions, and continue to strengthen the fortifications on the last peak of Jigong Mountain to hold this position.

At about two o'clock in the afternoon, the enemy concentrated superior forces and, under the cover of aircraft artillery, continued to launch a fierce attack on our position, and the fighters fought bravely, and after counter-charge, the enemy attacked again and again. However, due to the huge disparity in the strength of the enemy and ours, by 3 p.m., our second line of defense was broken by the enemy. I asked the troops to stick to the highest point of Jigong Mountain and make full use of the terrain to resist the enemy's attack. The terrain was favorable to me, but there were no strong fortifications, and we strengthened them as we fought. Although the troops suffered heavy casualties, the morale of the fighters remained high. I want all units directly under the regimental headquarters, guard and communications platoons, and staff officers of organs to organize themselves to participate in the battle in order to strengthen the combat effectiveness of the frontline.

At about 4 o'clock in the afternoon, the enemy mobilized about a division of troops to attack our position in three directions. There were two more regiments on the front, and the rest launched a fierce attack from both sides. The commanders and fighters of our regiment insisted on defending their positions and concentrated their firepower to counterattack the attacking enemy. Again and again repelled enemy attacks. Fight the enemy with grenades and bayonets when counterattacking. The troops suffered more than 170 casualties, and Regiment Commander Li was also wounded, but the regimental chief of staff and I continued to direct the battle, threw all five companies into the battle, and held out until about 6 o'clock in the afternoon. The enemy attacked from north to south and from east to west with the superior strength of two or three regiments, and broke through our last position. Hold out until dusk, and by dusk I ordered the troops to withdraw separately from Jigong Mountain.

In the battle of Jigong Mountain, there was a huge disparity between the enemy's strength and ours, and our regiment blocked the enemy more than 10 times over, and all the officers and men carried forward our army's heroic and tenacious fighting style of not being afraid of fatigue, fighting continuously, and the enemy suffered more than 400 casualties, and our regiment suffered more than 270 casualties, and fought a war of attrition. This battle also shows that the strategy and tactics of dividing troops and passively defending are wrong.

In 1934, in view of the fact that the Fifth Anti-"Encirclement and Suppression" troops suffered heavy casualties and could not replenish troops and supplies in a timely manner, the higher authorities ordered the reorganization of the Ninth Army Corps and the division of our 14th Division into various units. I brought a part of the troops and supplemented them to the 15th Regiment of the 5th Division of the 3rd Army Corps, and I served as the political commissar of the regiment, the regiment commander Bai Zhiwen, and the chief of staff He Dequan. During this period of time, our troops fought while marching, and the troops never had the opportunity to rest.

In order to prevent the enemy from attacking from Guangchang from Gaohuyuan to Ruijin, the seat of the Central Soviet, the troops engaged in intense battles and repaired fortifications every day. When I took the time to go to the company to learn about the ideological situation of the cadres and fighters, I found that the cadres and fighters of the unit were dissatisfied with the battle against the fifth "encirclement and suppression." I remember that during the discussion, cadres and fighters raised many questions. Some comrades said: Why do we be told to hold our positions every day, fight positional warfare, and destroy the enemy in a short and short assault, but the result is always passively beaten, so why don't we concentrate our forces to destroy the enemy; if we divide our troops into a position, we will not be able to hold it there, we will be beaten everywhere, and our troops will suffer heavy casualties and heavy consumption, so how many bullets do you still have on us? In the past, each person's bullet bag was full, but now there are fewer and fewer bullets, no capture or replenishment, and the bullet bag is almost empty, what should we do when the fight is over? Why is it that in the past, we captured a lot of prisoners and captured a lot of guns and ammunition, so that we could replenish ourselves, but now not only are we unable to capture prisoners, but we also have few prisoners, and we are always fighting a war of attrition. All this shows that our cadres and fighters have a high political consciousness and can distinguish right from wrong, but they do not understand what is going on above. On the line struggle, to be honest, I couldn't explain it clearly at the time. It was only after the Zunyi Conference that it was realized that this was the result of the wrong line. After the liberation, when I was studying Xi at the Nanjing Military Academy, Comrade Liu Bocheng summed up historical experience and said that this was the harm caused to the revolution by Wang Ming's left-leaning adventurism, which can be summed up as a typical desperate doctrine. That's a very pertinent assessment.

In mid-to-late April 1934, the enemy concentrated more than a dozen divisions to attack the Guangchang area, the northern gate of our Soviet District. The Red Army concentrated the forces of nine divisions of the 1st, 3rd, and 9th Army Corps to fight a decisive battle with the enemy, and adopted the method of fighting positional battles with the enemy with the main force and fortress against fortress. When the enemy began to advance along the Xujiang River in Guangchang, he concentrated his forces to attack on the east bank of our country. Our five divisions fought in coordination with other units. For more than half a month, a defensive battle was fought on a frontal battlefield of dozens of miles, which was called the Battle of Guangchang at that time. The Red Army suffered heavy losses and finally abandoned Guangchang. After the enemy occupied Guangchang, he concentrated his forces and continued to advance towards Ruijin.

In July 1934, in order to stop the enemy attacking from Guangchang in the direction of Baishui Town, the seat of the Central Soviet Government was defended - Ruijin. The 5th Division and 15th Regiment of our 3rd Army Corps started a blocking battle in the Gaohuyuan area. This was the last bloody battle of the five "encirclement and suppression" campaigns before the Long March. At that time, the enemy's attempt was to first capture the main position of Gaohuyuan and the Wannian Pavilion and Huangpi areas, and then take Shicheng, the important town of the Red Army, along Yiqian and Komatsu City, and capture Ruijin.

Peng Dehuai, commander of the Third Army Corps, ordered our Fifth Division to take up defensive tasks on the front line of Gaohuyuan, Wannian Pavilion, Yiqian, and Komatsu City north of Shicheng. Li Tianyou, commander of the Fifth Division, and Chen Ajin, political commissar. At that time, I held the position of political commissar in the 5th Division and 15th Regiment. The division commander ordered the 13th Regiment to hold the main position at Gaohuyuan, the 14th Regiment to be the right flank, and the 15th Regiment to be the left flank. After accepting the task, regimental commander Bai Zhiwen and chief of staff He Dequan and I led all the cadres at and above the regiment and battalion level to conduct a detailed survey of the defense area.

When we were repairing fortifications at the front, the regimental commander Peng Dehuai, accompanied by the division commander, came to the position of our regiment. The regimental commander and I stepped forward and saluted Commander Peng. Commander Peng asked, "How is the construction of your entire position fortification?" and I made a brief report. After looking at a few fortifications, Mr. Peng pointed out: "Your fortifications must be thickened, and they must be able to withstand the bombing and artillery bombardment of enemy aircraft, so as to preserve their own strength, strike and destroy the enemy, and consolidate their positions." Commander Peng asked, "What is the problem with the troops now?" and I replied: "The troops are very tired from continuous combat and building fortifications, and their physical strength has weakened, especially the lack of oil and salt in their daily lives. Now there is always a defensive war, and the ammunition is not replenished. But the mood of the troops is still very high. Commander Peng said: "Now the situation of the entire army is similar. Only by intensifying political and ideological work and overcoming all kinds of difficulties can we accomplish this defensive task. "In accordance with the instructions of the head of the regiment, I re-strengthened the fortifications, did a good job in ideological and political work in depth, and was determined to overcome difficulties and accomplish arduous tasks.

The enemy we faced was the strength of the six main divisions of the Kuomintang under the command of Chen Cheng and Luo Zhuoying. The enemy had not only the superiority in fire of hundreds of cannons, but also the support of a large number of aircraft. In response to this situation, I asked the troops, when digging fortifications or bunkers, to dig bomb shelters on both sides of the bunkers. In addition, we have set up a variety of obstacles at the front of the position, such as mines, bamboo tips, etc. In order to guard against the killing and wounding of enemy planes and artillery, various units also organized observation and guard posts. When the situation was discovered, the troops were immediately organized to conceal in time. However, at this time, due to the long-term economic blockade of the enemy, the supply of materials was very difficult, and the continuous fighting was exhausted, and the commanders and fighters were very tired. Under these circumstances, it is not difficult to imagine the enormity and difficulty of the task of fighting a desperately tough battle with an enemy several times my size.

At the beginning of August, the enemy's main forces, supported by the cover of their aircraft and artillery, began to launch a fierce attack on the main defensive position of the 13th Regiment at Gaohuyuan, and attempted to break through the position of our 15th Regiment on the left flank. The enemy's artillery and planes bombarded our entire position with mud and smoke billowing everywhere. We were hidden in bomb shelters, and there were only a few observers on our positions monitoring the enemy's movements. Enemy artillery fire was fought for half an hour. As soon as the artillery stopped, about a regiment of enemy infantry swarmed like ants. In order to save ammunition, I asked the troops to get as close as possible to the enemy before fighting, and only a few blockers of the front company of our regiment were "calling" the enemy's "name" one by one. The enemy, initially thinking that our firepower was not strong, rushed up to our position with a shout, and stepped right into the minefield we had laid. With the explosion of mines, the enemy fell in an instant. Some of the enemy stepped on the tip of our bamboo, rolling on the ground in pain and screaming. The enemy, who rushed to our position, was also killed and wounded by the grenades of the 3rd Company of the 1st Battalion of our garrison. Seizing this opportunity, we organized troops to counter-charge. As soon as the trumpet sounded, the fighters hidden in the positions raised their bayonets and rushed towards the enemy group. Not much time, the first charge of the enemy was repulsed by us. The enemy suffered nearly 200 casualties, leaving behind the corpses and wounded soldiers of the enemy on the position.

Just as our detachments were seizing the time between battles to repair their fortifications, the enemy's second charge began. As in the first attempt, the enemy first used artillery to bombard our defensive positions more violently, and we estimate that the enemy's aim was to cooperate with his main forces in an attempt to capture the main position at Gaohuyuan. Then its infantry rushed forward. This time was different from the first time, and the assault unit was followed by a squad of warlords with machine guns. The enemy rushed through our forward minefields, and some even advanced to the main positions of our first line, and our Red Army soldiers were undaunted by the frenzied enemy, and we destroyed as many enemy as they came. The second battalion of our regiment was responsible for the defense of the main forward position, and the battalion commander Li Jincai commanded the troops, and while ordering the blockers to fight the enemy's supervision team, he organized a response. It was only when the enemy came to the main forward position that he ordered his fighters to throw a flurry of grenades, and then led everyone to rush into the enemy ranks again and engage in hand-to-hand combat with the enemy. Xiong Kui, the acting commander of the 3rd Battalion, who was holding his position on the left side of the 2nd Battalion, saw that the situation on the 2nd Battalion's side was very dangerous, and took the initiative to send part of his troops to launch a counterattack against the enemy from the left side. I immediately ordered the 1st Battalion, which was on the right flank of the main position, to also send part of its forces to support the 2nd Battalion. In the case of flanking attacks from both sides of our troops, the second offensive of the enemy ended with more than 500 corpses dropped. The enemy's counterattack was crushed by us the next day.

Several enemy attacks were repulsed by us. But they still did not give up, and brought in a large number of reserves to launch one powerful offensive after another against the positions of our regiment. The enemy became more and more cunning, taking advantage of the hollows of the river ditch and using some corpses as cover, and rushed towards our position step by step. At the same time, part of the enemy penetrated our positions from the flanks. At this time, the sound of gunfire, shouting, and grenade explosions on the position became one, and the entire position was shrouded in a sea of smoke and fire. The troops were already in a scuffle with the enemy, it was difficult to distinguish between us and the enemy, our fire was not well supported, and the enemy was unable to carry out artillery support. A bloody battle was fought for several hours, and the enemy still failed to break through our defensive positions. But our troops suffered heavy casualties, and only a dozen men from several companies held out in their positions, and in some squads there were only one or two fighters left. Many of the comrades who were alive were seriously wounded, and the instructor of the third company of the first battalion was wounded in three places. When it was dark, the troops ran out of ammunition, and the soldiers secretly went down to the ravine in the dark to touch the corpses of the enemy and look for ammunition to replenish themselves. At this time, a stretcher team of migrant workers arrived one after another, and we immediately organized them to carry the seriously injured down.

Before dusk on the third day, I received an order from the division headquarters that our 15th Regiment should immediately take over all the defensive positions that had been the responsibility of the 4th and 5th Divisions. At the same time, we are required not to give up a mountain. In order to ensure that our regiment accomplished its tasks, the division added several more supplementary companies to our battalions. The Red Army is a hero, and no matter how great the difficulties are, they cannot frighten us. Regiment Commander Bai Zhiwen and I analyzed the current situation and unanimously agreed that although the current enemy has suffered a large number of casualties from various fraternal units, its offensive capability is still strong because the enemy's total strength far exceeds ours. Now that our regiment has to take over the defensive positions of the former frontal fraternal troops, our burden is even heavier. In order to accomplish the task well, it is not enough to fight hard, but also to use one's brains and fight the enemy flexibly and flexibly. After studying, I asked the units to put their companies in order and carry out in-depth political mobilization, after which I readjusted the deployment of the troops and assigned the battalions a defensive task.

Regiment Commander Bai Zhiwen led the 3rd Battalion to hold the goose-shaped position, I led the 1st Battalion to continue to hold the Gaohuyuan and took over the 13th Regiment's position at Gaohuyuan, and Chief of Staff He Dequan led the 2nd Battalion to take over the position of the 4th Division. I ask the battalions to make all preparations for resistance before dawn. That night, the divisions carried out intense combat preparations.

At dawn the next day, the enemy again concentrated all the artillery and, under the cover of more than a dozen aircraft, launched a full-scale attack on our position.

With the strength of about one division, the enemy first launched a series of attacks on the goose-shaped position defended by our three battalions. I suddenly found that the enemy had rushed into the forward position of the third battalion of Commander Bai, and was about to lead the first battalion to support, when suddenly a man from the flank of the enemy's attacking force was killed, and the enemy's offensive order was disrupted at once. At first, I thought it was a brother unit coming, but later I saw that this group of people was none other than a reinforced company led by Yang Luhua, the commander of the third battalion. It turned out that the regimental commander Bai knew that the current strength was insufficient, and if he only fought the front, he would not be able to hold out for long, so he ordered the commander of the third battalion to take a reinforced company to hide on the side of the position, leaving less than half of the troops on the front to block the enemy. When the enemy rushed into our forward position, this unit came out from the flank and caught the enemy by surprise. This trick was really clever, and when the enemy found out that he was suddenly killing all the way from behind, he immediately messed up and retreated in embarrassment. The third battalion not only held its position, but also captured more than a dozen prisoners. I really admire the resourcefulness of this comrade-in-arms.

The Gaohuyuan position, which I held with a battalion, was still the focus of the enemy's offensive. In order to break through the Gaohuyuan position held by our 1st battalion, the enemy first concentrated the main artillery fire and carried out an hour-long fire assault on our position, and then rushed forward in separate directions with the strength of about one division, in an attempt to break through our defensive line in one fell swoop. All the commanders and fighters of the 1st Battalion and I calmly responded to the battle, made full use of the favorable terrain conditions in the Gaohuyuan area, adopted flexible and mobile tactics, and engaged in close and hand-to-hand combat with the enemy as much as possible, so that the enemy's artillery fire could not be strengthened. The enemy rushed again and again, but we were crushed with grenades and bayonets, and the enemy was dead and dead everywhere. In this way, we fought from dawn to dusk, and the position of Gaohuyuan was still firmly in our hands.

The heroic soldiers of our 15 th Regiment, with the coordination and cooperation of friendly and neighboring units, waged a stubborn battle against an enemy several times our size over the past three days, carried forward the revolutionary spirit of our army that is not afraid of hardship and death, killed and wounded a large number of enemies, and held their positions. By the third day, the casualties of our regiment had already exceeded a third. The regiment commander, Bai Zhiwen, was wounded in the head and one of his teeth was also knocked out by a bullet. It was at this time that I received an order from my superiors to withdraw from the battle. According to the requirements of the superiors, the whole regiment moved to the front line of Loess Village, Yiqian, and Komatsu City south of Wannian Pavilion, and continued to stop the enemy's attack in the direction of our stone city.

The battle of Gaohuyuan was a typical passive defensive battle in the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign, which was also the product of the erroneous military line and caused serious losses to the Red Army. However, the heroic and fearless revolutionary heroism displayed by the Red Army soldiers in the battle is singable and weeping. We won the battle at Gaohuyuan, crushing six divisions of the enemy's main force. After the battle, when Commander Peng Dehuai and other leaders of the Red Third Army came to our 15th Regiment to visit everyone, they pointed out that this blocking battle had played the prestige of the Red Third Army Corps. The Political Department of the Third Army of the Red Army also specially wrote a song about the victory in the battle of Gao Huyuan.

After more than ten days from the Battle of Guangchang, the Red Third Army Corps moved to Gaohuyuan to fight with the enemy all the way to Shicheng, which lasted for several months. Although the Red Army soldiers fought bravely and tenaciously, due to the mistakes of Wang Ming's "leftist" adventurism, the Red Army units were weakened day by day and suffered heavy losses as a whole. The base area became smaller and smaller, and finally it reached the point where it had no place to stand, and it was forced to embark on an unprecedented 25,000-mile long march in October 1934.

[Luo Yuanfa, 1910.11.15-2010.5.10, from Longmen Village, Longmen Township, Longyan County, Fujian Province. He joined the Chinese Communist Youth League in 1928, transferred to the Communist Party of China in 1929, and joined the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army in the same year. He once served as the director of the Political Department of the 1st Red Division. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he served as the director of the Political Office of the Independent Regiment of the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army, and the political commissar of the Second Brigade of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningjin-Sui Joint Defense Army. During the Liberation War, he served as the commander and political commissar of the teaching brigade of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningjin-Sui Joint Defense Army, the commander of the Sixth Column of the Northwest Field Army, and the commander of the Sixth Army of the First Field Army. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he successively served as commander of the Northern Xinjiang Military Region and secretary of the CPC Committee of the Northern Xinjiang Region, commander of the Air Force of the Northwest Military Region, deputy commander of the Beijing Military Region and commander of the Air Force of the Military Region, deputy commander of the Air Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army and deputy director of the National Defense Science and Technology Commission, deputy to the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China and alternate member of the Ninth Central Committee. In 1955, he was awarded the rank of lieutenant general. 】