During the Warring States period, something happened in the Yan Kingdom that stunned the princes: Zen Rang.
Zen ranging refers to the fact that the ruler gives up the position of chief to others while he is alive, and there are two types, inner Zen and outer Zen. Inner Zen refers to Zen located in the same surname, usually the father Zen son, brother Zen brother; outer Zen refers to zen to the person with a foreign surname.
In ancient times, foreign Zen was not uncommon, Yao Chuan was located in Shun, Shun Chuan was located in Yu, both belonged to Wai Zen, when tribal leaders were jointly elected by people, and the virtuous lived in them.
But since Yu Chuanzi, the era of the family world has begun. Since then, inner Zen has been rare, there is a saying that says, "The big husband cannot be powerless for a day"; outer Zen is almost extinct, after the establishment of the family concept, who is willing to give up the power in hand? Therefore, outer zen is no longer a voluntary matter, usually accompanied by the force of the successor.
For example, liu baochan, the crown prince of the Western Han Dynasty, ceded to the regent Wang Mang, the Han Xiandi Liu Xiechan gave way to the Wei Wen emperor Cao Pi, and the Wei Yuan emperor Cao Yichan gave way to Sima Yan, the emperor of jinwu, all of which were forced. Dare not Zen to let go? Lives are in danger!
In the case of Yan Guo, Qi Was surprised that the Zen giver was willing, and the successor did not use the knife and the gun, but completely based on iq. What's going on? And listen to me.
The protagonists of the incident are The Yan King Ji And the State Minister Zizhi, and the ending is the Great Chaos of the Yan Kingdom.
<h1>[Yan Wang Ji Duo].</h1>
Obviously, Ji Ji is a Zen maker. Someone might want to ask him if he is an idiot? No; is he a faint monarch who ignores the affairs of the country and just wants to have fun? No, in every way, he is a wise man.
The "Han Feizi Doubtful" describes it as follows: "The place is thousands of miles, holding hundreds of thousands of halberds, disturbing the happiness of children, not listening to the sound of bells and stones, not polluting the pond and the terrace, not waving the field hunting outside, and personally manipulating to repair the acres." The suffering body of the son is so worried about the people, although the so-called holy king of the ancients is not less diligent and worried about the world. ”
This means that he is not good at singing, dancing, music and other pleasures, advocating frugality against luxury, cherishing the people's strength, advocating farming and labor, personally going down to the fields to cultivate, worrying about the people's suffering, diligent and hard work, and the ancient sages and kings cannot match him in this regard.
But how did such a good person end up with the end of "dying and the country dying, and the world laughing"?
Because in addition to worrying about the people and having extremely high moral requirements for himself, he is also an extreme idealist, advocating ancient culture, admiring the legend of Yao Yu Shun Zen Rang, and he is eager to go back in time to the time when the ancient liturgical music has not collapsed.
This is broken, giving the Son an opportunity to take advantage of it.
In life, we occasionally complain and talk about people's hearts that are not ancient, but even if we say it, we will not really want to go back to ancient times. But Ji Ji was really practicing what she was doing, and her words and deeds were consistent.
<h1>[Sons of the State]</h1>
Judging from many things in the back, Zizhi is a person with quite a heart.
In front of Ji Duo, he showed agility and decisiveness, good conduct, benevolence and love for the people, the management minister was also very set, and the moral concept was very similar to Ji Duo, which is commonly known as the three views of consistency, so Ji Duo trusted and valued him more and more.
On the other hand, he secretly formed parties for personal gain and silently cultivated his own forces. Make friends with foreign ministers and add weight to yourself.
When Su Qin lobbied the countries for the purpose of the alliance, the State of Yan was the first country he took, and it was Ji Huan's grandfather Marquis Wenhou of Yan who reigned. Seeing that the monarch attached so much importance to Su Qin, Zizhi deliberately befriended him, and the two also became sons and daughters, and Su Qin's brother Su Dai was also friends, and later became a relative.
Because Su Qin was interested in the Yan Kingdom, the children of the Su family often embarked on the career path from the Yan Kingdom and had special feelings for the Yan Kingdom, and su Dai was the same.
He first gained Ji Yu's trust in the State of Yan, and then asked himself to send an envoy to the State of Qi for the State of Yan, that is, to go to the State of Qi as a spy, like his brother Su Qin, with the aim of bringing down the State of Qi. Maybe he was really a talented person, and he was also appreciated by Qi Guojun.
Why do you specifically say Sudai? For he is important to the Son.
<h1>[How Zen Rang Happened].</h1>
After the game was laid out, Zizhi launched three steps:
First, Su Dai's speech
As mentioned earlier, Su Dai also received the appreciation of the State of Qi in the State of Qi, and also sent him as an envoy to the State of Yan (all the strategists in the Warring States period were like this, not a minister of a country), and Ji Duo regarded him as his own, and when he saw him, he could not wait to ask: "How is the State of Qi?" Are there any bad habits? Can the State of Qi dominate the Central Plains? ”
At this time, the State of Qi was the reign of King Qi Tang, and his ability was not bad, that is, he was a bit of a good and happy worker. Su Dai hesitated for a moment and said, "The State of Qi cannot dominate!" ”
Ji Ji hurriedly asked, "Why?" ”
Sudai said: "Because he does not trust the minister. ”
If you don't say that Ji Duo is a Gengzhi person, he will think whatever people say. After hearing this, he decided to give Zizhi more power to prove that he was more powerful than King Qi Tang.
Heaven and earth conscience, when Su Dai said this, he did not want to subvert the regime of the Yan State at all! He just couldn't imagine that Zizhi's ambition was so big, nor did he think that Ji Zhi's thinking was so strange, purely because he wanted Ji Zhi to value one of the children more and increase the weight of the idea.
After all, they are both friends and relatives, and Zizhi has always taken care of him, which is a small reward.
Extrapolating from common sense, the son must have hinted at Su Dai before the incident, and Su Dai would say this. And there were other arrangements, otherwise how could Ji Yu have thought of Zizhi and not other ministers?
2. Shikage Hisaw
Yan Guo also had a minister named Lu Maoshou, who was also highly valued by Ji Duo.
One day he said to Ji Huan, "It is better to let the kingdom give up the son." Man is called a sage, and he who makes the world go by the way, does not accept it, and has the name of letting the world go. Now the king gives way to the son with the kingdom, and the son will not dare to accept it, and it is the king who goes with Yao! ”
This means:
"O Great King, you might as well cede the country to your son!" The reason why people praise Yao as a sage is because he ceded the world to Xu Yu, and Xu Yu did not accept it, and Yao had the good name of letting the world go, but in fact did not lose the world.
Now that you have ceded the country to Zizhi, Zizhi is certainly as dare not accept it as Xu You, then in people's hearts you can be juxtaposed with Yao! And the country is still in your hands and has not been lost! This kind of thing that has great profits and no damage, who does not do who is stupid! ”
Who's stupid!
But Ji Duo, the old man, really listened to Lu Maoshou's rumors, and really gave up the country to Zizhi, and Zizhi said that he did not dare to accept the name, and in fact the power was all there.
Third, the final seal of the Zen position
Not long after, Zizhi arranged for someone to go to Ji Zhi and said, "Although you said that you ceded the country to Zizhi, but the officials are all the people of Prince JiPing, then it is equivalent to Prince Jiping in power, which is not very good, it will damage your reputation." ”
If it had been another monarch, he would have let the left and right attendants fork this little man out and kill him. The country belongs to my family, what happened to my son's government? Isn't that what it should be? It's better than the country's political strength, right?
However, Ji Ji probably fell to the head, and after listening to this man's words, he put away the seal letters of the officials above three hundred stones of Feng Lu and handed them to Zizhi, allowing him to serve as an official on his own and officially take the throne.
The Fourth Family of Yan Zhao in The Chronicle of History, Volume 34, records that "the south of the Son does the king's affairs, but the elder does not listen to the government, and gu is a subject, and the state affairs are decided by the son." In other words, Zizhi became the monarch of the country, and Ji Yu demoted himself to a vassal.
<h1>[Dismal ending].</h1>
This operation stunned both at home and abroad, and it angered a person even more: Prince Jiping. Yan Guo is not Ji Duo's alone, it is the foundation of the Ji family's generations, how can he allow him to talk to himself and give it to him?
Besides, knowing that he is the future monarch who is justified, why give it to his son!
Ji Ping contacted the general city to be launched into civil unrest, but the father and son did not look good, the city was a capricious villain, first listened to Ji Ping's attack on Zizhi, and if he couldn't fight, he listened to Zizhi's attack on Ji Ping, and the Yan kingdom was in civil strife from then on.
As we all know, during the Warring States period, the most favorite thing for the monarchs of all countries was to form alliances and fight wars, so as to promote national prestige and hegemony over the world. A country with good manners may be beaten, let alone the country itself is in chaos first?
King Xuan of Qi sent an army to the State of Yan, and before sending his troops, he sent someone to ji ping and said, "I heard that the crown prince is going to rectify the name of the monarch and the subordinates, showing the status of father and son, although our country is not big, but I am willing to listen to your orders." ”
How Ji Ping answered did not know, but no matter how he answered, the Qi army would come.
After Zizhi took power, he revealed his true face, and the benevolent ability before him was completely gone, making the Yan kingdom a miasma and chaos, and the Yan people hated him to death. Therefore, when the Qi army arrived, the Yan army directly opened the door and did not resist at all.
The Commander of the Qi Army drove in, Ji Yu was killed in the rebel army, and Zizhi was cut into meat sauce.
King Xuan of Qi hated Zizhi so much, but he was not angry for Ji Ping. But it is because Zizhi has opened up a very bad atmosphere, using his subjects to seek the king, what if his own ministers also have the same kind of learning? Not only King Xuan of Qi, but also the princes all had a sense of grief and vigorously condemned Zizhi's behavior.
Here is a digression, in fact, the State of Qi at this time was Tian Qi, which was snatched from the Hands of the Jiang Clan by the Tian Clan. Maybe that's why I'm particularly taboo about this kind of thing.
However, although Ji Ping received sympathy from the princes, he failed to become the monarch and died unexpectedly in the war. After that, King Wuling of Zhao escorted Ji Duo back to Yan as a hostage in Korea, and that is, the later King of Yan Zhao, who was a powerful prince, recruited talents, and ordered Su to act as Shangqing, revitalizing the scarred Yan kingdom.
【Conclusion】
Ji Yu Zen, who thought that he was a wise monarch who could be compared with Yao Shun from now on, had become a laughing stock for eternity.
Later generations have commented that Ji Duo was a person who sold fame and reputation, and not only lost power but also lost his life for fame, but I thought otherwise.
I think Ji Duo is just eating ancient, too utopian, his thinking floating in the air, and he can't connect with reality. He did not meditate for fame, but really felt that Zizhi was more suitable for this country than himself, and he really felt that this was the way to align himself with Yao Shun.
But he forgot that everything is changing between things, time is easy, and the good things of ancient times may not seem to be good now, and it cannot be rigidly applied to the ancient set, but must be flexibly used according to the actual situation.
I think the evaluation of this matter in "Huainanzi Human Training" is more pertinent: "The swallow died of benevolence."
Kindness is a good thing. But there is no limit to Ren, that is a complete joke.
References: "History", "Huainanzi", "Han Feizi"
【I am a grain of sand, if you like it, pay attention to me!】 】