The carved stone rubbings of the Ancient City of Goguryeo are rare in China (Picture 1) of the carved stones of the Goguryeo City of Pyongyang, which are found in Mr. Zhongwei's new work "Golden Stones on Paper - Sketches of Good Tuo eyes", which is now in the Shanghai Library. So far, there are six similar carved stones found in Pyongyang City, collectively known as Goguryeo (Goguryeo also known as Goguryeo) Pyongyang City carved stones. Mr. Zhongwei's interpretation is: It has been the twenty-first day of the □ month of the unitary year, and from then on, the little brother of the twelve-mile-east province of Wuwu is not a white-headed □□. In contrast to the rubbings and several other Goguryeo Pyongyang city carved stones, this rubbing should be the second carved stone rubbing of Pyongyang City, and the complete inscription should read: From march 21, the year of the unitary year, from this point on the twelfth day of the year of the unitary year, the little brother of wugou wushu has a hundred heads to make a festival.
The other five stone inscriptions are, the first stone inscription: The beginning of the battle on may 28 of the year of the ugly year, the younger brother xiangfu Ruoli. The third stone inscription: From the twenty-first day of March in the year of the ugly year, he went down to the □ and made a feast for the head of the hundred heads of the jie within twelve miles of the reign of Erzhang. The fourth stone inscription: In the middle of December, the younger brother Wenda Jie of Hancheng descended from this northwest. The fifth stone inscription: Gua Lou GaiChe little brother Jia Qun has since returned to Shangli Four Feet Rule. Sixth Stone Inscription: The city was completed for forty-two years. Among them, the first, third and sixth stones of rough stone have been extinct, the second stone fragment is now in the Ewha Women's University Museum in South Korea, the fourth stone is now in the Korean Central History Museum, and the fifth stone is still built in the Pyongyang city wall.
1. Rubbing inscriptions and related characters
On the right and left sides of the rubbing, there is an inscription and a guan section, and on the right side is the Wang Ou inscription, a total of five columns, the rightmost column, the font is slightly larger, and the inscription of the book is: Goguryeo Ancient City Carved Stone. The remaining four columns are in smaller font, inscribed in letters, from right to left: Zhang Jun Yangshan was obtained from the three Han Wu Yimei / Transferred to give Yu Guangxu twenty-ninth year / On the fourth day of the first month of August, Wang Ou supplemented the collection of treasures / Thirty years have passed in the middle. There are two seal seals below, namely "Seal of Wang Wan" (Bai Wen) and "Xiao Yu" (Zhu Wen). On the left is a guan paragraph inscribed by Wei Jian, which reads: Guangxu Bing Noon April 15, Japan Fast Water One Hole Ding Hai Fang Ruo Shan Yin Wei Jian Guan. There is a seal seal seal under it, which is "Wei Jian Longevity" (white text), and on the right side of the guan section there is a seal book printed with "Yangshan Approval" (Zhu Wen). The above four seals are all square.
Although the inscription on the right side of the rubbing is short, it explains the source of the rubbing and the opportunity and time when Wang Ou obtained the rubbing. Wang Wan (1847–?) Nian) character 孝玉 or 孝禹, was a calligrapher and painter in the late Qing Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. During the Guangxu period, he was famous for his gold stone collection and calligraphy, and he was promoted to a Taoist in Jiangsu. Because he was a staff member of Duanfang, he saw and heard a wide range of people and made friends. Zhang Jun Yangshan, or Zhang Yangshan, a native of Zhejiang, is famous for operating the Songzhu ZhaiNan Paper Shop, the predecessor of Songzhu Zhai is the predecessor of RongBaozhai and was founded in the eleventh year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1672), when the business scope of Songzhu Zhai mainly had three aspects: one was the paper for official folding official rolls; the second was the stationery utensils; and the third was the agent ordering calligraphy and painting works. Wu Yimei (1831-1879), whose ancestral home was Haeju (present-day the capital of South Hwanghae Province, North Korea), was born in Seoul (present-day Seoul, South Korea), was born in Seoul (present-day Seoul, South Korea), the character Won-jae, the first name of Zhenzhai, also known as Yimei, and Tianzhuzhai, a famous epigrapher, translator, and thinker of the Joseon Dynasty, who wrote the "Records of the Three Han Golden Stones", "The Records of the Visits of the Three Koreas", and "The Records of the Tenzhu Jae".
According to Wang Wan's inscription, the rubbings were originally obtained by Zhang Yangshan from Wu Qingxi, and later transferred by Zhang Yangshan to Wang Wan, who had been collecting the rubbings in the book for 30 years when Wang Ou made up for the twenty-ninth year of Guangxu (1903), speculating that Wang Wan may have obtained this rubbing from Zhang Yangshan in the twelfth year of Tongzhi (1873), when Wang Huan was 26 years old.
The left view is inscribed by Wei Jian, the time is Guangxu Bingwu, that is, in 1906, it should be written by Wei Jian and others when they watched Wang Jiaozang's carved stone rubbings in Pyongyang City, and the characters include japan's Sushui Yikong, Dinghai's Fang Ruo, and Shanyin's Wei Jian. One hole in the fast water (?) ~1941), a member of the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, studied at the famous Japanese poet Hojo Ouso in the Meiji era, served in the Japanese Consulate in Hangzhou in 1897, and later served as vice consul or acting consul of the Japanese consulates in Liaoyang, Fengtian and Majima, and in 1917 as the consul of the Japanese consulate in Liaoyang. In 1926, he published "China" の硯に就て. Wei Jian (1860~1927), originally known as Long Chang (龙常), also spelled Tie Shan (铁山), also known as Tie San (铁三), was known as Tie San (铁三), also known as Tie San (铁三), because of the book "Monument to Longzang Temple", the number of Longzang Resident, the late number of The Duke of Dagger. In the eleventh year of Guangxu (1885), he entered the priesthood and was an alternate prefect. Born in Shanyin County, Zhejiang (present-day Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province), gong calligraphy, especially good at Wei steles, and because of the Wei clan Shangwu, he was known as "Jingwu Calligrapher".
Fang Ruo (1869~1955), real name City, character ChuQing, nicknamed 偈宝, also known as Medicine Rain, No. Zha Yuan, Late No. Ancient Coin Rich. Zhejiang Dinghai people, good collection of ancient springs, stele Tuo, especially the ancient spring as the most, once with the Hangzhou ancient spring collector Zhang Shutao, Chongqing ancient spring collector Luo Bo Zhaoding stand together, then known as the north, south Zhang, West Shu Luo, author of "school monument essay" and so on. In his early years, Fang shi had fled Japan because of his criticism of Cixi's maladministration, and he was wanted by Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao and others, and served as a puppet post during the fall of Tianjin.
Epigraphy was formed in the Northern Song Dynasty, and as a special carrier for ancient Chinese literati to study antiquities and cultivate their interests, epigraphy played a very important role in the process of inheriting ancient civilization. Collecting gold and stone rubbings has also become a kind of elegance of ancient literati, and mutual observation and gifts of gold and stone rubbings from their respective collections have become an important part of this activity. There are two inscriptions on the stone rubbings carved in the ancient city of Goguryeo by Wang Ou, one is the inscription on the circulation process, chance and time of the rubbings written by Wang Ou himself when he was observing, and the other is the inscription written by Tonghao Wei And Fang Ruo when he was observing.
2. The discovery of carved stones in Pyongyang City in Goguryeo and its construction with Pyongyang City
Since its discovery, the Pyongyang City carved stone has become the object of attention of Chinese, Korean Peninsula and Japanese scholars, and the process, inheritance and preliminary research on the discovery process, inheritance and preliminary research of the Pyongyang City carved stone have been recorded in Wu Kyung-seok's "Records of the Golden Stones of the Three Koreas" and Liu Xihai's "Haidong Golden Stone Garden". Wu Qingxi himself once collected the second stone of the Pyongyang City carved stone, and the inscription of Wu Shichang, the second graphite extension and double hook book of the carved stone in Pyongyang City, is more detailed in the above process. Given the importance of these two inscriptions, we have copied them below.
Inscription of the Ancient City of Goguryeo (Motuoben) (Fig. 2): Pyongyang Zhi Yue Pure Temple Self Ugly Rise Nine-Story City Collapse Erzhi Stone / One Stone Has Its Ugly Year March 21 Day From Here Down To the East Twelve Mile Little Brother / Yu Su Hundred Heads Of The Festival twenty-seven characters one stone has its own ugly year March / Twenty-one Day from this down to the east down two miles within the middle of the hundred head envoys Erfa Festival / Twenty-seven characters This stone is out of the B ugly for the god Strange Cloud Golden Autumn ShiZheng / Happy taste to Tuo Ben sent to China Liu Yanting Xi Hai Yue Little Brother Two Words / For sentences No doubt ugly when the longevity king Yan Ting Nai / Contained in the Haidong Golden Stone Garden This first stone is also more than twenty-six years B 卯 / Detailed examination of the former fu jun to hide the time or Tuo to give people is / years do not xiao sloppy political sea throwing family far away people repeatedly do not quit / mistakenly fell on the stone of the second line of the march twenty-one day word smashed Japanese characters / but the existence of the half shape can be victorious than the Joseon Jinshi General Directory of the official series / When the gift of the Tuo Ben Yi Qi's book is contained in its chronology Plain King ELEVEN / Year Yunyun unknown what is the basis of which is also the first record of the three Han Jinshi written by the former Fu Jun / Record at this moment its slightly known Gaijuri capital Pyongyang from Dongchuan / Wang Shi after or living or migrating to its construction of the city is seen in history / King Dongchuan built the city of Pyongyang in the first ten years of Han Yanxi / The king of Guoyuan built the city of Pyongyang with JinXian and the ninth year of Jia Wu to build the city of Pyongyang are all ugly / No involvement at this moment when the king of longevity is particularly easy in Shi Er ji ugly / that is, the 36th year of the longevity king when the Chinese Song Wen Emperor Yuan Jia twenty-six years / Wei Taiping Zhenjun ten years also his calligraphy and painting due to the trend of the stone arbitrarily oblique / Every time the next paragraph of the characters gradually grow larger, the pen out of the wave has a subordinate law here also / Enough to see the pen of the six dynasties of the change of the pen of Pyongyang Zhi to Hai for the wandering / As the Philophoics are mistaken For the nine-story city unknown where also / The longevity of the king himself is ugly after 1,475 years of fu feng feng yu dun / reed cang resident knowledge.
There are five seals on this rubbing and inscription, of which the oval "Longevity Stone Xuan" seal (Bai Wen) is located in the lower right of the rubbing, the rectangular "Qingcheng Old Things" seal (Zhu Wen) is located between the cracks in the inscription of the rubbing, the apple-shaped "Cicada Orange" seal (Zhu Wen) is located in the middle of the right side of the inscription, and the square "Wu Shichang's Collection" seal (Bai Wen) and the square "Wu Shichang Hand Topography" seal (Zhu Wen) are located on the left side of the inscription. There is no stamp on the double hook inscription.
Goguryeo Ancient City Inscription (Double Hook Ben) Inscription: Twenty-first Day of March in the Year of the Ugly Year From Here To the East Twelve Miles / Little Brother Hai Su Bai Tou Zuo Jie Jie / Right Twenty-Seven Character Stone Carvings from pure ancestral twenty-nine years / Nine Stacks of Castle Rises and Executions contained in Pyongyang Zhi / Ancestors visited this stone in The Ugly City of Wutan / Jiang Yi according to his words and covered the longevity king / The words were also engraved when the city was built in the thirty-sixth year / The painting was randomly oblique due to the trend of the stone / Every time the next paragraph of the word gradually grew up and began to write out / The wave has the ancient meaning of the ancient meaning of the law Of the same / Out of a stone also has the text of the ugly year of March 20 / One day from this east down two miles within the middle hundred heads / upper envoys make festivals twenty-seven words This stone out of / pure ancestor twenty-nine years ugly for the gods and clouds / Cantonese flower room
According to Wu Shichang's two inscriptions, in 1828 (the year of Pengzi, the 29th year of Chunzu of Joseon), due to the surge of the river, the wall of JiudianCheng (that is, the outer city of Pyongyang) collapsed, and two pieces of "self ugly" inscription city stones were found (in fact, according to rubbings and related records, the "self ugly" of the first stone mentioned in Wu Shichang's inscription should be "己酉"), which was regarded as "divine" at that time. 26 years later, in 1855, Wu Qingxi visited one of the stones (the second stone of the Pyongyang City Carved Stone) in Pyongyang City and collected it, and in his spare time, he studied it in detail and made rubbings to give to his colleagues. Wu Qingxi first recorded it in the "Records of the Golden Stones of the Three Han Dynasties" and examined his ugly year as the thirty-sixth year of the Longevity King. Soon the Wu family was poorly preserved due to family changes, and the words "March 21" in the second line were shattered. During this period, Wu Qingxi's friend Jin Zhengxi once made rubbings and gave them to the Qing Dynasty epigrapher Liu Xihai, who wrote them in the "Haidong Golden Stone Garden". Kim Jong-hee believes that the carved stone with the word "little brother" should be a Goguryeo relic, and the "self-ugly" year in the inscription is the period of the longevity king. Later, when Wu Shichang was the editor of the "Overview of The Golden Stones of Joseon", he once gave a rubbing, and the book believed that the date of the carved stone was the eleventh year (569) of the King of goguryeo Plains. The second carved stone in Pyongyang City was collected by Wu Sechang, the son of Wu Kyung-seok, and was purchased by the Ewha Womans University Museum in South Korea for 100,000 yuan (KRW) on October 25, 1965, and the museum number was No. 2475, which was designated as Korean Treasure No. 642.
The first stone of the carved stone in Pyongyang City, Liu Xihai's "Haidong Jinshiyuan" volume I contains two pieces (that is, the first stone and the second stone of the Pyongyang City carved stone), after this rubbing, Kim Jong-hee inscription: At this moment, it is out of the cheng, and it is sixty-four years now, and it cannot be found again. This self is ugly, when the longevity queen is one thousand three hundred and eighty-one years, Kim Jong-hee book. The year of prophecy here is 1766, and the sixty-fourth year is 1829, indicating that the carved stone was extinct in 1829 at the latest. There is currently no accurate account of where the first stone was found, so we believe further research is needed.
The third stone of the carved stone of Pyongyang City should have been found together with the second stone, and the place should be under the Utan outside the outer city of Pyongyang, and Wu Qingxi's "Records of the Golden Stones of The Three Hans" quoted in the "Pyongyang Chronicle": The pure temple is ugly, it has risen sharply, and the Nine Stacks City has collapsed, and the Erzhi Stone has been produced. One stone has its own ugly March 21 from this time to the east down two miles within the hundred heads of the top envoy Erfa festival twenty-seven words. The time of discovery should be the same as that of the second stone, that is, in 1829.
The fourth stone carved in Pyongyang Castle (Figure 3), written earlier by the Japanese scholar Asami Luntaro, was found in the city wall in 1913 when the road under the Peony Terrace in Pyongyang was renovated, and the "Overview of Korean Golden Stones" is recorded as: Found in the wall of the Daedong River in jingqili, Pyongyang Province in the second year of Taisho, that is, near the Yuliu Bridge on the east wall of the inner city of Pyongyang. The carved stone is currently in the collection of the Korean Central History Museum and is well preserved.
According to the Korean scholar Choi Hee-rin, this stone was found in 1964 at the south side of Jinghaemun (the southern wall of Pyongyang Inner City) in Nammun-dong, Chung-gu, Pyongyang City, and later removed and rebuilt into its original location in 1978. It is still in the city wall, well preserved, and is located behind the People's Great Study Hall in present-day Pyongyang, North Korea.
The sixth stone of the carved stone of Pyongyang City, the Korean Dynasty scholar Yin You wrote in 1830 in the "Pyongyang Continuation" volume 1 "Chengchi" "North City" article: In 1714, the superintendent Min Zhenyuan found this carved stone in the old city when he was building the north city, that is, there was a stone carving at the bottom of the old city, and the city was completed for forty-two years. At present, the stone is dead.
Located on the south side of Jinxiu Mountain in present-day Pyongyang, North Korea, Goguryeo Pyongyang Castle is the site of a flat-land capital built after Goguryeo moved its capital to Pyongyang (427), but there are still some differences between scholars of specific chronology. The site of the city is built according to the Datong River and the Ordinary River, with an irregular triangle and a circumference of about 23 kilometers, which can be roughly divided into four parts: the outer city, the middle city, the inner city and the north city (Figure 5). The city wall is mainly made of stone and earth and stone, and the base groove is found under the mixed earth and stone wall, and there are currently 16 gates, of which there are two gates on the shared wall between the outer city and the middle city, and between the middle city and the inner city. Large-scale architectural sites are mostly concentrated in the Area of Mansudae in the inner city, and in 1935, a large building site and gate site with a length of 36 meters and a width of 36 meters in the northeast-southwest direction were discovered, and it was believed that it was the barracks site guarding the north of Miyagi Castle.
The content of the carved stone of Pyongyang City includes the construction time, person in charge, construction distance, completion time, etc., which has important reference value for exploring the construction process of Pyongyang City. Among them, the younger brother is the official name of Goguryeo, and the Northern History, volume 94, "The Biography of Goryeo": "Goguryeo, its first husband Yu ... Officials include The Great Pair Lu, the Great Brother, the Eldest Brother, the Younger Brother, the Emperor Hou Luxury, the Wu Humble, the Great Messenger, the Great Messenger, the Little Messenger, the Bedding Luxury, the Feng Genus, the Immortals, and the Twelve, are in charge of internal and external affairs. In fact, the "brother" should be an official position that the sons of the clans of the goguryeo kings and nobles in the five ministries could hold. At the site of the Marudo Sansei Palace, a number of barrel tiles inscribed with the inscription "Little Brother" were found, and it was speculated that officials such as "Little Brother" at that time should have been involved in the construction of The Goguryeo Marudo Mountain Castle and palace buildings. In the first stone, the second stone, the fourth stone, and the fifth stone, respectively, the younger brother Xiangfu Ruoli, the younger brother Haisu, the younger brother Wendajie in the lower rear of Seoul, and the younger brother Jiaqun appear, and the younger brother behind the younger brother Ruo Li, Haisu, Wendajie, and Jiaqun can be seen as the names of the younger brothers. The younger brother of the lower rear of Seoul, who is the fourth stone, may be the younger brother of the rear of Goguryeo (The Absolute Slave Division) who lives in the Seoul area. The superior envoy of the third stone is the upper envoy, which is recorded in the New Book of Tang, the General Code and other documents. During the Tang Dynasty, Goguryeo officials were composed of seventeen official positions such as Tuyu, Guzoga (or Dajia), upper emissaries, and younger brothers, and the above officials were mainly composed of five nobles and non-five nobles, while the Goguryeo bureaucracy further expanded the group of brotherly officials with the big brother, the soap-clad big brother, the big brother, and the younger brother as the core, and the envoys of the doctor, the big messenger, the envoy of the elevated position, the upper messenger, and the little messenger as the core, of which the upper messenger belonged to the Zhengliupin and the younger brother belonged to the Zhengqipin. The second stone and the third stone have appeared hundreds, because there is no relevant record of a hundred heads in the literature, so we are not familiar with this position, but it can be assumed that the internal hundred heads of the third stone should be a hundred heads from the interior (that is, the Gui Lou Department), and from the inscription, the position of the hundred heads is located after the little brother (the second stone) and before the upper envoy (the third stone), and the position of the hundred heads may be between the little brother (zheng qipin) and the upper messenger (zheng liu pin). And the little brother in front of the material, in front of the hundred heads of the haishu (the second stone), the little brother in front of the Gua Lou Gaiche (the fifth stone) We do not know exactly what it means. In terms of the amount of work it undertakes, the brother of the first stone bears the eleventh mile, the brother of the second stone, the hundred heads of the hundred heads bear the twelve miles, the hundred heads of the third stone, and the upper messenger bears the twelve miles, and the fifth stone brother bears one mile and four feet. Goguryeo 1 mile = 640.08 meters, 1 foot = 35.56 cm, then the eleven miles of the first stone is 7040.88 meters, the twelfth mile of the second stone is 7680.96 meters, the twelfth mile of the third stone is 7680.96 meters, and the fifth stone is 641.5 meters.
Because the first stone, the second stone, the third stone, and the fourth stone appeared in the dry branch years of self-ugliness, self-unitary, self-ugliness, and chengjiao, respectively, combined with the literature of Goguryeo moving the capital to Pyongyang (427) and building Pyongyang (552), we can infer that he-ugly, hexy-unitary, and prophecy were 569, 589, and 566, respectively. The completion of the city's forty-two years of service should mean that it took 42 years to complete the construction of Pyongyang Castle, that is, the construction of Pyongyang City began in 552 and ended in 593, with 42 years in between. The years 566, 569, and 589 were all within 42 years.
On the one hand, the carved stone of Pyongyang City in Goguryeo clearly indicates the information such as the time, person and amount of engineering of the city wall, which provides us with rare information for the construction process of restoring Pyongyang City, on the other hand, from the content of the inscription, we can see the imprint of the "Name of the Worker", which should be the result of the influence of the Central Plains Worker System at that time.
III. Exchanges between the Chinese and Korean Jinshi scholars in the late Qing Dynasty
The Goguryeo Ancient City carved stone rubbings collected by Wang Wan came from the famous epigrapher Wu Qingxi of the Joseon Dynasty, who not only was a famous calligrapher at that time with his second brother Wu Qingrun, the third brother Wu Qinglin, and the fourth brother Wu Qingran, but also the Wu clan in Haizhou was a famous translator in Korean history, plus Wu Qingxi's son Wu Shichang, and more than ten translators in the ninth generation of the Wu clan in Haizhou. Wu Qingxi traveled between Beijing and Seoul 13 times as a translator, and the official zhizhi Zhongshufu, Chongzheng Dafu (from Yipin), Chonglu Dafu (from Yipin) and so on. It was precisely because of his unique status as a translator that Wu shi was very concerned about the situation in East Asia at that time, and he bought the restoration books of the time in China, such as Wei Yuan's "Chart of the Sea Country" and Xu Jishe's "Yinghuan Zhiluo" and so on, which promoted the civilization of Korea's modern history. Therefore, Wu is also regarded as one of the early representative figures of the Kaihua Party, and together with Liu Hongji (Liu Hongji) and Park Jueshou, he is known as the originator of modern Enlightenment thought in Korea. Wu's penchant for gold stones and obsessed with calligraphy and painting, coupled with the fact that some Chinese epigraphers at that time began to collect inscriptions and rubbings on the Korean Peninsula, Wu had close contacts with dozens of people such as Zhang Zhidong, Wu Dayu, Wang Yirong, Pan Zuyin, etc. After the "MoMeiTu" made by Wu, there were inscriptions by Liu Cunren, Zhang Zhidong, Xu Gengzhou, Zhou Shouchang, Gu Zhaoxi, Wu Dayi (Figure 6) and others.
The Compilation of Golden Stones compiled by Wang Chang of the Qing Dynasty was an earlier collection of foreign golden stone texts, and at that time there was only one stele of the Tang Ping Baekje on the Korean Peninsula. With the exchanges between China and the Korean gold and stone scholars at the end of the Qing Dynasty, a large number of scholars from the two countries who were keen on this emerged, such as Kim Jong-hee, Cho Yin-yong, Kim Shan-chun, And Lee Sang-di of the DPRK, and the Chinese side was represented by Liu Xihai, Weng Fanggang's father and son, etc. Among them, Liu Xihai's "Haidong Jinshiyuan" and Weng's father's and son's "Haidong Jinshi Zero" became the crystallization of this exchange.
Kim Jong-hee (1786–1856), courtesy name Won-chun, Cho Cho-shi, Nguyen-do, auditor, Was a Korean epigrapher, calligrapher, and poet. He was born into an aristocratic family in Reisan-gun, South Chungcheong Province. In 1809, he accompanied his father Jin Jinglu, who was the deputy envoy of the winter solstice, to Beijing and had many contacts with the famous Qing Dynasty scholars Weng Fanggang and Ruan Yuan. Officials to Sungkyunkan Daisei Shōshū and Bing Cao were appointed to the rank of judge. He has deep achievements in epigraphy, calligraphy, Chinese poetry and other aspects, and his calligraphy is vigorous and powerful, known as the "Autumn History Body". He is the author of the epigraphy work "The Record of the Golden Stone passing through the auditorium" and so on.
Liu Xihai (1879~1852), also known as Yan Ting, Yan Ting, also known as Yan Ting, Yan Ting, alias Sanbazi, room name Jia Yin Gui, Wei Jing Shu Wu, Seventeen Trees Plum Blossom Mountain Pavilion, Lai Feng Tang, etc., Shandong Zhucheng (now Gaomi City, Shandong Province), Qing Dynasty epigrapher, ancient spring scholar, bibliophile, official to Sichuan according to the envoy, Zhejiang cloth envoy. The Liu clan is a Shandong Wang, of which Liu Yong is his ancestor, Liu Clan adheres to family learning, drunk on jinshi, and authors "Haidong Jinshiyuan" and "Sanba Jinshiyuan" and so on. The Korean scholar Lee Sang-di wrote a preface poem for Liu Hee-hae's "Haedong Jinshiyuan" and praised Liu Shi, and Liu Hee-hai also knew that the completion of this book was inseparable from the help of Korean scholars, so he said: There are yunshi Zhao Jun, bamboo forest Jimei; mountain spring gold, Tang Di are equally famous. Learn to be rich, yidun miao, Yamu Chinese religion, want to see the light of the kingdom. Duck water spring cold, Fengcheng Xiaoji. The Postal Range Rover, through 12,000 peaks; graphite incense, bringing 130 volumes. Meet and fall, the text is knotted in the strange fate; holding a gift probe bag, the golden stone tofu Yaqi. Among them, Yunshi Zhao Jun (赵君) is Zhao Yinyong (1782~1850), name Yinyong, Zi Yiqing, Yunshi, ancestral home of Fengyang (present-day Yangju, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea), one of the core figures of the political power of the Zhao clan in Fengyang, the official to lead the government (正一品), the nickname "Wensu", there are "Yunshi Testament" and other legends. In 1815, Zhao Yinyong accompanied his cousin Zhao Zhongyong, the deputy envoy of the winter solstice, on a mission to China, and in the spring of the following year, Zhao and The Beijing Liuli Factory became acquainted with Liu Xihai, and in the process of Liu's compilation of the "Haidong Golden Stone Garden", Zhao Yunshi gave Dozens of Ancient Stele Extensions to Liu Xihai and copied the catalogue of the Ninety-Seven Korean Inscriptions to Liu Xihai. Liu Shi also sighed: Yun Shi, Boya Shiye, give Yu Mo Ben very well... Not a marble stone, how can it make Yu Soro so wide! Zhu Lin Jimei (1801-1845) was Zhao Binggui (1801-1845), the nephew of Zhao Yinyong, one of the representatives of the Zhao clan in Fengyang, the official Cao Judgement, the courtesy name "Wensu", good Jinshi, and had close relations with Liu Xihai. Shanquan Jinzi, also known as Jinshanquan, was invited by Liu Xihai to collect Korean gold stone rubbings and catalogs of ancient Korean books and send them to Liu Xihai. Tang Di, whose name is Kim Jong-hee, is the brother of Jinshanquan, who fully supports Liu Xihai's collection of gold stones, and once sent the rubbings of the Silla Zhenxing King's Patrol Monument and the second stone rubbings of the carved stone of Pyongyang City to Liu Xihai, among which the matter of sending the second stone rubbing of the carved stone of Pyongyang City was mentioned in the Motuo text of Wu Shichang's collection of the second stone of the Pyongyang City carved stone. The earliest inscription in the "Haidong Golden Stone Garden" is the "Goguryeo Ancient City Stone Carving".
The carved stone rubbings of goguryeo in this article can be seen as an aspect of the exchange between The Chinese and Korean golden stone academic circles at that time, and in addition to this Pyongyang city carved stone rubbing from Wu Kyung-seok, Wang Ou also has a rubbing of the "Fragment of the Boundary of king Zhenxing of Silla" (the author will discuss it separately). Through mutual exchanges, Chinese scholars obtained a number of early stone carvings on the Korean Peninsula, especially those from the unified Silla era, which provided new evidence for the study of the relationship between the Tang Dynasty and the unified Silla. Korean scholars not only obtained gold and stone rubbings from China, but also received restoration works such as "Chart of the Sea Country" and "Yinghuan Zhiluo", traditional classics such as "Huangqing Jingxi", etc., which provided impetus for them to understand ancient Chinese society, promote the enlightenment and progress of Korean society, and more importantly, promote people-to-people exchanges between China and the Korean Peninsula and the progress of Korean Peninsula society.