Wen | on the other side of the river
Today, we do not distinguish between surname and surname, but in the pre-Qin period, there was a strict distinction between surname and surname. The modern Guoxue master Wang Guowei wrote in his "Theory of yin zhou system": Men are called surnames, and women are called surnames, and the general system of this week is the general system. The surname is used for marriage, and the surname is used for not being noble. Therefore, aristocratic men called the surname instead of the surname. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Qi was surnamed Jiang, so its daughter-in-law was often called "a certain Jiang", such as: Zhuang Jiang, Wen Jiang, Dong Guo Jiang, Lai Jiang, etc., all originated from the Qi State Office. Therefore, calling the Duke of Qi Huan Jiang Xiaobai is not in line with the pre-Qin period's habit of referring to aristocratic men.
Jiang's surname is Qi Guo, and the most well-known surname is Lü. And as for the reason why the Jiang surname Qi Guo is Lü? The most common saying is that because Jiang Ziya's ancestor assisted Dayu Zhishui with meritorious service, he was enfeoffed with Lü, so he took Lü as his clan. Because of its name "Shang", it is called "Lü Shang". The other was named "Wang" (King Wen of Zhou, who believed that Jiang Ziya was the courtier expected by his taigong (gonggong father), so he called him Taigongwang), so Jiang Ziya was also called "Lü Wang" or "Taigongwang". However, Dayu is a figure in ancient times, and his deeds are difficult to verify.
In fact, the Jiang clan Qi state is the Lü clan, and there is another possibility that it is more credible. That is, Jiang Ziya's earliest fiefdom was "Lü", so "Lü" was used as a clan. According to the epitaph of Lü Tong in the Northern Song Dynasty: .. (His ancestor) Jiang (Lü) Shang, because his fief was in Ji Commandery (汲郡, in present-day Weihui, Henan), the state name was "Lü", so it was also known as Lü Shang. According to the records of the Chinese, Qi, Xu, Shen, and Lü Youdajiang, and the three kingdoms of Xu, Shen, and Lü were all located in present-day Henan, and speculated that the initial fiefdom of the State of Qi should also be close to the Three Kingdoms (the initial fief of the State of Qi, near present-day Nanyang, Henan), and believed that the State of Lü might be the State of Qi.
Since, the first prince of the State of Qi with the surname of Jiang was Lü Shi. Then, Qi Huangong was called Lü Xiaobai, and of course there would be no mistake.
However, "surname" is much more complicated than "surname", and it is not set in stone. The nobility of the pre-Qin period would derive a number of "clans" with the development of their family power. Therefore, there are large and small clans, that is to say, aristocratic men can have several clans. For example, the ruling secretary of the Jin state, shihui, was sealed in Suiyi, the ancestor of the Sui clan, and also sealed in Fanyi, Li Fan, the ancestor of the Fan clan, and the shihui also had a descendant who stayed in the Qin state and restored its ancestor Liu Shi. Zhi Yao, the last ruler of the Jin Dynasty, was also known as Xun Yao (荀瑶) (Zhi shi originated from the Xun clan). Gu Yanwu, a thinker at the end of the Ming Dynasty, also said: The clan can be changed from one generation to the next, and the surname remains unchanged for thousands of years.
According to Gu Yanwu's "Original Surname": Men called surnames, women called surnames... The most noble monarch, the monarch has no clan, does not call the clan called the country... The second is gongzi, gongzi has no clan, not called the clan gongzi... The lowest person is shuren, shuren has no clan, and does not call the clan name...
Gu Yanwu's view is in line with the surname titles in the pre-Qin historical records, for example, the sons of the princes are commonly referred to as Gongzi xxx, and the eldest son of concubines can be called Shizi xxx, such as Gongzi Zhong'er, Gongzi Xiaobai, Shizi Kuo, and so on. In the exchanges between countries, in order to distinguish between each other, and then crown "a certain country" in front, such as Jin Gongzi Zhong'er, Qi Gongzi Xiaobai, Zheng Shizikuo, and so on, it is clear at a glance.
According to the princes after the loss of the country, their offices usually take the name of their country "clan". For example, Wu takes Wu as the clan, Zheng takes the Zheng clan, Qin takes the Qin clan, Lu takes lu as the clan, and so on. The most important source of the Qi clan, of course, also originated from the Qi state office. Duke Huan of Qi was the monarch of the State of Qi, and it was not unavoidable to call him Qi Xiaobai.
Therefore, according to the pre-Qin period's title customs, Qi Huangong can be called Lü Xiaobai or Qi Xiaobai.
Reference books: "The Left Biography" and so on