October was originally the harvest season, and the people were eagerly awaiting it; but the golden autumn october of the sixth year of Jing Yao (263) was an unforgettable late autumn for the people of Shu Han.
In October of that year, Deng Ai led his army from Yinping to Jiangyou, and then surprised his troops to invade Chengdu, and the Shu Han Dynasty of guozuo for 43 years was declared extinct.
At this time, thirty years had passed since the death of Zhuge Liang, a famous minister of the first generation.
It is said that Zhuge Liang is the Optimus Pillar of the Shu Kingdom, and it is said that Liu Chan is an unsupportable Ah Dou; however, what is the reason that the Shu Han without Zhuge Liang has existed for so long?
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the Country of Kong Meiji and laid a solid foundation</h1>
During Zhuge Liang's reign, although there were many northern expeditions, the military and economy were grasped with both hands, both hands were hard, and both did not delay.
During the period when he was persuading the peasants in Hanzhong, he made full use of the economic conditions there and vigorously developed agricultural production according to local conditions, which not only solved the strategic materials of the Northern Expeditionary Army, but also enriched the national treasury, so that the common people could live a life of abundant food and clothing.
After Zhuge Liang's death in Wuzhangyuan, the Shu Han army retreated, and the Wei army "received many books and grains" in the abandoned Shu camp.
This is enough to show that Zhuge Liang's policy of persuading the peasants to carry out military and tun cultivation warfare has been successful.
The people take food as the sky, the people of Shudi have no worries about food and clothing, and Hanzhong has become a huge magnetic field, forming an attraction for the people around them, and more people have immigrated here, and they can't stop it.
Even if the hostile forces smeared the Shu kingdom, the number of immigrants was still endless.
In this way, a virtuous circle has been formed here, and the sparsely populated Hanzhong has become a small Jiangnan, and the people "live in peace and enjoy their work".
Zhuge Liang's greatest contribution to the Shu Han Dynasty was water conservancy projects such as the "Shan He Weir" that "increased the number of traces". To this day, two thousand years later, it still plays an irrigation role.
For example, the six famous ponds in Hanzhong City still have high use value; so far, there are still more than 70 ancient weirs in the Three Kingdoms period and more than 30 reservoirs that can store 100,000 cubic meters of water; the number of ponds and ponds is as many as 300; some weir canals have undergone generations of use and maintenance, and have been used to this day.
To be precise: "Shan he yan still irrigates more than 8,000 mu of chengtian, more than 30,600 mu of nanzheng county, and more than 7,000 mu of liquor county, a total of more than 46,000 mu." ”
Realistically speaking, it was during Zhuge Liang's reign that he paid attention to the construction of farmland water conservancy facilities in the Hanzhong Basin, which brought great dividends to Liu Chan, promoted social stability, and allowed the Shu Han regime to continue.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the Wei state fought endlessly and did not have time to conquer shu Han in the south</h1>
Although the Shu Han without Zhuge Liang was not as powerful as before, its biggest enemy, Cao Wei, had been engaged in power struggles for 30 years, and the internal chaos was in a mess, and it was impossible to free up its hands to clean up the Shu Han, giving it the opportunity to survive.
In the seventh year of the Huang Dynasty (226), eight years before Zhuge Liang's death, the Cao Wei leader Cao Pi died.
Cao Rui (Emperor Ming of Wei), who succeeded him, was a leader with a very "poor" ability to govern, and the so-called "poor" was a kind emperor who was soft-hearted, not belligerent, and sentimental when he saw a leaf fall. When he was a child, his father Cao Pi shot a doe, and then Zhang took a bow and arrow to shoot the fawn.
He stepped forward and said, "Since the Father Emperor shot his mother, don't kill the fawn again." Cao Rui's kindness was evident.
Cao Rui was emperor for 12 years, militarily mainly defensive, people do not offend me, Cao Wei will not advocate taking the initiative to attack Shu Han.
After Cao Rui succeeded to the throne, Cao Wei fought several wars, all of which were self-defense counterattacks.
For example, in August of the seventh year of the Huang Dynasty (226), Sun Quan attacked Jiangxia and Xiangyang; in the first year of Taihe (227), Meng Da rebelled; in the fifth year of Taihe (231), Xianbei and Shu Han joined forces to invade the border of wei; Zhuge Liang made five northern expeditions in the second year of Qinglong (234); and in the second year of Qinglong (234), Sun Quan invaded Hefei.
Although Cao Rui was benevolent, he was not polite to the enemy who attacked, and he led the people of Wei to successfully win these internal and external wars.
In the second year of the Jing Dynasty (238), Sima Yi volunteered to attack Gongsun Yuan and pacify Liaodong.
Cao Rui's feelings about Sima Yi were very complicated, Cao Wei had no one, only Sima Yi could maintain stability and be a firefighter.
However, Sima Yi had ambitions, and Cao Rui did not want him to lead his troops to fight too much, afraid that he would make meritorious achievements, have higher prestige, and his tail would not be lost.
And Sima Yi didn't bother to attack Shu Han, because it was a hard bone. If you lose the battle, you will not be able to please, and you will be attacked by political enemies and bury your political future.
Therefore, during the reign of the Wei Ming Emperor Cao Rui, the attack on Shu was not put on the agenda, as long as there was no civil strife in the Shu state.
In 239 AD, Cao Rui was dying, entrusting Cao Shuang and Sima Yi, a mountain that could not tolerate two tigers, the two began to fight, and the checks and balances mechanism did not work.
Cao Shuang disregarded the overall situation, and was arrogant and arrogant in his own roots, monopolizing the government and excluding dissidents, and even Empress Guo did not pay attention to it.
Sima Yi, on the other hand, was scheming, hiding deeply, taoguang cultivating obscurity, and was ready to strike, waiting for his opponent to reveal his flaws and give a fatal blow.
It was not too late for the gentleman to take revenge for ten years, and Sima Yi, the old fox, endured for a full ten years, until in 249 he finally intervened and launched the Gaopingling Incident, crushing Cao Shuang's anti-Wei clique in one fell swoop.
Since then, a stone in the heart of the Sima family has finally landed.
During this time, Cao Wei's main energy was focused on Liaodong.
Conquering Goguryeo, breaking the Eastern Sui, Pingtao, and Han, Cao Wei expanded to the northeast.
During this time, Sima Yi's rule was not consolidated, and many of Cao Wei's former ministers did not obey Sima Yi's leadership.
Sima Yi was nominally a courtier of Cao Fang, and there were many people who did not buy it.
During this period, Sima Yi and his sons Sima Shi and Sima Zhao successively suppressed the military rebellions of Wang Ling (Jiaping III, 251), Wuqiu Jian (Zhengyuan 2nd, 255), and Zhuge Shi (257) in Huainan ("Three Rebellions in Huainan").
Subsequently, Sima Zhao smashed the "rebellion" conspiracy of Cao Fang and his successor Cao Xi, which basically consolidated the rule of the Sima family.
During this period, because Sima Yi had no time to take care of Shu Han, he also gave Jiang Wei the illusion that the opportunity to destroy Cao Wei had come.
Shu Han Jiang Wei was the "Nine Cuts of the Central Plains", and all of them returned without success.
After Cao Fang and Cao Huan were dealt with, Sima Zhao made Cao Huan emperor in the fifth year of Ganlu (260), when the Sima family was ripe to replace Cao Wei, and the end of Shu Han came.
In the fourth year of Jingyuan (263), Sima Shi of the Wei Dynasty launched a plan to attack Shu Han, sending Zhong Hui, Deng Ai, Zhuge Xu, and others to attack Shu Han, resulting in the shu lord Liu Chan surrendering and Shu Han falling.
That is to say, in the eyes of Sima Yi's father and son, it was not difficult to destroy the Shu state, but there were two prerequisites, one was to seize the power of Cao Wei, and the second was to put an end to Eastern Wu.
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Eastern Wu constantly stirred up trouble and contained Cao Wei's forces</h1>
Even if there was no civil strife, Cao Wei could not rest assured to attack the Shu state, so that Eastern Wu would attack and Cao Wei would face a two-front battle.
The State of Shu was not the greatest threat to Cao Wei at that time, and as long as the pass was blocked, Jiang Wei could hardly make progress.
In the face of Sun Quan's thorn-headed attack, Cao Wei had no danger to defend, the two places were difficult to resist, and the crusade against Eastern Wu was the highest pursuit of Sima and sima generations.
From the second year of zhengyi (241) to the fifth year of Jiaping (253), five wars broke out between Cao Wei and Eastern Wu.
After these five wars, Sun Wu was maimed, Sun Quan also died, and there was no longer any threat to Cao Wei.
Only by settling Eastern Wu can we safely destroy Shu, and after Sun Quan's death, Eastern Wu can no longer pose a danger, and the elimination of Shu Han is on the agenda.
At this time, the Shu Han was not destroyed, it was completely created.
However, due to the difficulties of the Shu Dao, the demise of the Shu state was both inevitable and accidental.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Deng Ai's military wizard, and it was a bit accidental to destroy Shu</h1>
Zhuge Liang went out of Qishan six times (five times in the yanyi), and why Did Jiang Wei fail to succeed nine times, because the Shu Road was difficult, easy to defend and difficult to attack, and it was also a problem to fight out.
Because logistical support is also a headache, Zhuge Liang's failure to fight Wei was related to this twice.
When Cao Wei Zhengxi's general Zhong Hui led 150,000 elites to reach the Sword Gate Pass, the Wei army was helpless in the face of Jiang Wei's stubborn resistance. If it cannot be attacked for a long time and is protracted, logistical support will become a problem.
If there were no accidents, he did not dare to say that Cao Wei could not destroy Shu, at least it would take a lot of trouble.
The accident was that the Cao Wei general Deng Ai was a military wizard, and the Cao Wei Commander Zhong Hui was a jealous guy.
At that time, Wei Yan had offered a plan to attack from the Meridian Valley and kill Cao Wei by surprise; but this battle plan was rejected by Zhuge Liang, who thought it was unfeasible and pure nonsense.
Deng Ai's plan to cut the path and take the dangerous road was also felt by Zhong Hui as a brain-dead move.
Because even if the trail can overcome all difficulties, there are still military supplies, how to carry? At that time, he will either be thrown to death or starved to death when he is about to reach his destination.
So Zhong Hui very happily agreed to Deng Ai's battle plan: meritorious service? Erect a monument and go.
Zhong Hui secretly applauded in his heart: God opened his eyes to get rid of this guy who didn't know the height of the sky for me.
Dunay's plan was indeed a risk, and the odds of success were low; strictly speaking, there was only a 10% chance of winning.
From Yinping to Jiangyou, the mountains are dangerous and inaccessible, up to more than 300 kilometers, which is simply a road of no return.
However, Deng Ai led more than 10,000 officers and men from Yinping Road, all the way to the mountain passage, and advanced step by step. When "the mountains are high and the valleys are deep, it is extremely difficult." Grain transportation will be scarce, and it will be in danger. ”
In the face of difficulties, Deng Ai was not discouraged, bravely moved forward, took the lead as a soldier, and encountered a dangerous place, "wrapped himself in felt, pushed down, and the soldiers all climbed the wooden edge cliff, the fish went through, climbed the trail, and chiseled the mountain to open the road." In this way, it crossed hundreds of miles of no man's land.
At this point, the situation was still grim, there was very little grain left, and what was waiting for them was Jiang Youtian, who was as famous as the Sword Pavilion.
If there is an army here that can fight, Deng Ai's army is afraid that it will be nine deaths and one failure, and it will really all become martyrs.
However, when the Shujiang oil guard Ma Mi saw Wei Jun, he thought that it was a divine soldier descending from heaven, and his soul was scattered with fright, and the soles of his feet were greased, completing Deng Ai's prestige.
At this time, Deng Ai was not equal to success, and the success rate was only less than 50%, because as long as Liu Chan, who learned the news, could line up enough troops to block the attack, Deng Ai's army was also in danger of being eaten.
However, the brain-dead Liu Chan actually overestimated the ability of the Xingdu general Zhuge Zhan to escort him, and did not allow Huo Yidu, the governor of nanzhong, to lead the army with him.
Zhuge Liang's son Zhuge Zhan did not inherit Lao Tzu's military talents, he was a rookie in battle, he had many generals, but his tactics failed and did not take the initiative to occupy the danger, but waited for the enemy far away, and as a result, he was beaten by Deng Ai's army.
In short, after Zhuge Liang's death, the reserve talents of the Shu state were insufficient, and there were no rulers like him, and it was only a matter of time before they perished.
Zhuge Liang himself was also very clear about this, and when Li Fu, a servant of Shangshu, asked who could make a decision when Zhuge Liang was dying, he first said Jiang Huan, then Fei Yi, and then he was silent when he asked further.
When Zhuge Liang died, the Shu Han state was rich and strong, and what was left behind was definitely not a mess. In other words, good cards, broken. This shows how important talent training is.