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6G communication is the next generation of communication networks. Compared with 5G, 6G bandwidth is expected to increase significantly, and the communication rate may reach 1Tbps, which is 100 times that of 5G. The increase in bandwidth is mainly achieved through the improvement of carrier frequency and frequency utilization, and the rise of downstream applications is one of the important factors for the commercialization of 6G.
On 12-22 June 2023, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) met in Geneva, Switzerland, and finalized the IMT Recommendation on Framework and Overarching Objectives for 2030 and Beyond. This 6G programmatic document depicts the goals and trends of 6G, and proposes typical scenarios and capability indicator systems.
6G will enable ubiquitous connectivity between people, machines, and things, and integrate the physical and virtual worlds. It is expected that capabilities such as perception and AI will be integrated into the network, and it will become a new digital infrastructure that supports new users and applications.
Compared with the 5G technology system, one of the biggest changes in the 6G network architecture is the transformation from traditional ground access to all-round multi-dimensional access in the air, space, ground and sea.
6G Frame Diagram:
In 2021, China Mobile released the "6G Network Security Vision Technical Research Report", proposing a 6G security vision of "active immunity, elastic autonomy, virtual symbiosis, and ubiquitous collaboration". On this basis, the new report further deepens the technical architecture and introduces the design concept of "trust + security", and achieves four important transformations: "plug-in to endogenous", "passive to active", "static to dynamic", and "isolated to collaborative".
The report focuses on the idea of building a 6G trusted endogenous security architecture, covering three levels: security capabilities, security control, and security decision-making, laying a solid security foundation for the industrialization and commercial development of 6G.
At the same time, the report provides an in-depth discussion on the nine key technologies that support this architecture, including wireless physical layer security technology, ubiquitous trusted technology, blockchain technology, digital twin security technology, and quantum security technology.
Evolution route from 5G to 6G:
Source: 36Kr Research Institute, Sohu, IT House
5.5G: Key technology for the 6G transition
At present, 6G R&D has started, but the transition from 5G to 6G will take time, and 5.5G is expected to become a key technology in this process.
Since 1984, mobile communications have evolved at an average rate of one decade per decade in accordance with the standards established by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Starting from the 1G standard based on analog cellular technology, we have experienced the era of 1G voice, 2G SMS, 3G pictures, 4G mobile Internet, and now we are in the era of 5G Internet of Everything.
According to the Towards an Intelligent World White Paper, it generally takes at least a decade for next-generation mobile technologies to go from vision to commercialization. Considering the growing needs of consumers and industries, it is necessary to meet the development needs of a digital and intelligent society in the 5.5G era.
The first phase of the 5G standard is R15-R17, while the version corresponding to 5.5G as the second phase of the 5G standard is R18-R20. It is expected that after the end of R20, 6G will debut around 2028-2030. Therefore, as a transition and bridging technology between 5G and 6G, 5.5G is expected to last for more than 5 years.
Huawei plans to launch a full set of commercial 5.5G network equipment in 2024 to prepare for the commercial deployment of 5.5G. With support on more frequency bands than 5G, 5.5G will deliver 10x improvements in uplink and downlink peak speeds, connection density, location accuracy, and energy efficiency, which is expected to meet the needs of a wider range of consumer applications and drive demand growth for new base station layouts in the coming years.
The potential technical direction of 6G will fully continue the development path of 5.5G.
At the recent World Radio Conference (WRC-23) in Dubai, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) held in-depth discussions and made decisions on hot topics such as satellites in the 6 GHz band and 6G technology.
The GSMA welcomed WRC-23's decision to use the 6.425-7.125 GHz band for the licensing of mobile services. "The 6GHz band is currently the only remaining mid-band spectrum that can be used to cope with the growth of data traffic in the 5G-Advanced era," they stressed in the statement. "As the leading international organization representing the 5G industry, the GSMA has been actively promoting the adoption of 5G in the 6GHz band.
The GSMA further stated: "WRC-23 decision on the harmonization of the 6 GHz band...... is a key milestone that will enable billions of people to use a unified 6GHz mobile network coverage. In addition, the decision will have a significant impact on manufacturers of the 6GHz device ecosystem, triggering key growth opportunities. ”
4G/5G/6G频谱比较:
The 6G industry chain can be divided into three categories: upstream communication device providers, midstream equipment manufacturers and construction service providers, and downstream operators.
As 6G is still in the early research stage, midstream operations and downstream application scenarios have not yet been fully implemented, and the development of technology and infrastructure is not sufficient. As an upstream equipment supplier, it can enjoy the initial dividends of development and is expected to be the first to benefit.
Diagram of the 6G industry chain and combing of some manufacturers:
Source: CCID Think Tank, Huachuang Securities, Xingxingcha
In the context of the current 6G trend has been clear, the whole 6G industry chain is expected to benefit from the huge downstream imagination market in the future. 6G applications cover a variety of application scenarios, such as super wireless broadband, extremely reliable communications, ultra-large-scale connectivity, inclusive intelligent services, and communication perception fusion, which will be further expanded on the basis of 5G.
According to the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, the 6G era will usher in the explosive growth of IoT terminal devices in the field of smart life and industrial production, and the overall connection scale is expected to reach 118.7 billion in 2040. #6G##5G##Technology##Communication##文章首发挑战赛#
epilogue
Looking ahead, with the expansion of sensing and AI technologies from transmitting/receiving devices to connected devices, 6G will usher in a new era of intelligent connectivity. Combined with the past development history of mobile communications, as well as the existing vision, technical standards and commercial deployment plans, we can see that the evolution cycle of each generation of mobile communication technology is gradually shortening, showing the acceleration of technological development.
As the next generation of mobile communication technology, 6G has a broad space for development. From the perspective of network coverage, 6G will achieve all-round multi-dimensional access to the air, air, ground and sea, whether it is mountains, canyons or deep seas, it will be covered by seamless networks, truly realizing global interconnection. Such network coverage capabilities will greatly promote the leapfrog development of industries such as telemedicine, online education, and smart agriculture, and narrow the digital divide between urban and rural areas.
Second, 6G will bring ultra-high-speed and ultra-low-latency communication experience. Compared with 5G, the speed and latency performance of 6G will be tens or even hundreds of times faster, which means that we will be able to enjoy high-bandwidth applications such as HD video calls, online HD video viewing, and massively multiplayer online games anytime, anywhere, without worrying about network lag or latency.
In addition, 6G will also deeply integrate advanced technologies such as big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence to build a highly intelligent network. With the support of such a network, intelligent applications such as intelligent transportation, smart home, and smart city will be widely popularized.
Overall, 6G will be a new era of infinite possibilities. 6G will also become an important engine to promote social progress and economic development, creating huge economic and social value.
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