<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > eighteen techniques of white drawing</h1>
The eighteen techniques of white painting are the core of white painting, and to learn the eighteen techniques of white painting, eighteen techniques are one of the essences of Chinese painting, so what are the specific eighteen techniques? How to draw eighteen techniques, let's learn in detail.
【Gossamer drawing】
One of the oldest line drawing methods, commonly found in Gu Kaizhi's paintings, is named because the line drawing resembles a gossamer. Its painting method is: use the center tip of the pen to circle and draw, to have a beautiful and ancient atmosphere for the combination, the line is not changed much, thin and uniform, and the pen is small round head.
In the "Painting of dianshizhai cong", it is recorded: "The pencil is sharp, and the clothes are old and tight." "This depiction is suitable for expressing the rounded and smooth feeling of silk clothing, and the ancients were mostly used to depict literati, bachelors, nobles, and ladies. Such as Gu Kaizhi's "Female History Proverbs" and so on.
Gossamer delineation
【Flowing Water Sketch of Clouds】
The painting method of folding the clothes of the people depicted by the flowing water of the clouds is commonly used in Li Gonglin's white paintings, because its lines have a sense of flow, and the shape is like the flowing water of the clouds, so it is named. His painting method uses pen and brushwork to flow through the clouds and flow, flowing and moving. Qing Wang Yingyue: "Those who walk in the clouds and flow water, flow and move", which mentions this technique.
Flowing water painting is mostly found on the clothes of the characters, and depicting ribbons, folds, etc. with its flowing and flexible lines is the most commonly used technique in white character painting.
Flowing water depiction of clouds
【Orchid Leaf Sketch】
Orchid leaf painting is a kind of depiction that is reflected in the zigzag to the back of the rich clothing pattern, and has its independence. It is characterized by uneven pressure, lifting the pen from time to time, producing lines that are thick and thin, shaped like orchid leaves, and the painter who represents this white drawing technique is Wu Daozi. In the "Diagram of the Sending Son of the Heavenly King" and the ancient book records, it is slightly confirmed that the line type in the figure is greater than the iron wire depiction of the twisting point Teton.
According to the "Guangchuan Painting Trek" of the Later Dynasty Dong, Wu Sheng painted figures such as sculptures, which can be understood by seeing the surrounding and covering on all sides, and his handwriting paintings are as thin as copper wire plates, and the vermilion powder is thick and thin, all see the bone high and low, and the inner sink", which shows that the expressiveness of its lines can reach a sculpture-like three-dimensional sense.
Orchid leaf drawing
【Nail head rat tail stroke】
One of the ancient Chinese character clothes pleat painting methods. Its lines are shaped like nail heads and rat tails, hence the name. One of the important techniques of traditional figure painting. Its characteristics, at the beginning of the pen must be pen, when the pen is gradually raised and gradually closed.
Nail head rat tail stroke always uses the center pen, use the tip of the pen to draw, the line should be evenly accelerated, there can be no broken pen in the turn, mostly seen in the figure painting in the placket and other painting methods, crisp and neat pen and uniform speed hook line pen has become its most obvious feature, typical lu feng hidden pen, with line thickness changes are also very large.
Nail-headed rattail tracing
【Clematis】
Zou Dezhong's "Painting Of Things Refers to Meng" said: "Zhang Shuhou in the Yuan Dynasty was good at wire drawing techniques. Ming Ma Yu's "Ma Shi Ri Scribe And Pi Bag" contains: "Inside the walls of the Hanoi people's homes, there is a stone stele, which is the statue of Maitreya Buddha painted by Guan Xiu, with a horizontal staff, a leather bag on the back, a banana fan around the waist, and the penmanship is an iron line drawing." Also known as "Clematis".
On the pen, the iron line tracing pen is slow, the pressure is even, the center is used by the pen, the line changes are small, the solid is harvested, the thickness is consistent, and the fineness is strong. The characteristics of this line are clearly reflected in Yan Liben's representative work of the Tang Dynasty, "Step Diagram", the picture production is concise and workmanlike, and the fluent and strong lines are used to accurately and vividly shape the solid shape of the character.
Wire drawing
【String Drawing】
The strings depict their lines as straight, straight, and shaped like strings, hence the name. The characteristics of the depiction method are "Dianshi Zhai Cong Painting": "With the positive front, there is no anger in the wrist, and the heart and hand should be corresponding, such as the strings are chaotic." Qing Wang Ying: "With the center-forward hanging wrist brushwork, it must be retained, such as the quite pen method, and the heart is not chaotic." "迮朗:" The writing is like a pineapple, straight and long, and the zhouju is also made" and so on. This depiction is suitable for expressing the silk texture of the draped garment pattern.
String drawing and high ancient gossamer drawing belong to the same type of drawing, the center hangs the wrist with a pen, and the lines drawn are thicker and more flexible than the high ancient gossamer drawing. In order to emphasize the soft silk texture of the clothing pattern and the posture when floating vertically, the center is used to slowly draw in the process of stroke, and its line is straight and straight, and its purpose is to show the pleats of the silk skirt more realistically.
String drawing
【Willow leaf sketch】
The willow leaf depicts its lines like willow leaves fluttering, and posterity named it for it, and it is recorded in the "Painting of dianshizhai conglomerates": "The head of the nail is not angry under the pen, and the heart and hand are corresponding and like a willow leaf." In the "Painted Things Carved Worm", it is recorded: "The willow leaf painter, the wind is flowing, and the Daozi Guanyin is also."
The willow leaf stroke uses a thin pen at both ends, the middle line of the pen is thick, and the lines are like willow leaves facing the wind, which is a brushwork that is virtual in and out. Suitable for expressing light and thin texture of the lining, the line pen should not be floaty and light.
Willow leaf depiction
【Bamboo leaf drawing】
Bamboo leaf depiction is so named because the lines are similar to bamboo leaves, Qing Qilang said: "Skimming is slightly short, like a person, jieye." "The description of the tracing structure is similar to that of painted ink bamboo. Wang Ying said: "Regard the reed leaves as short, like willow leaves as long. ”
Bamboo leaf strokes with pen ups and downs are obvious, the thickness of the lines changes greatly, much like the bamboo leaves fluttering with the wind, flowing and lively. In the depiction of the character's clothing pattern, the leaves of bamboo, willow and reed are very similar in appearance, and can only be distinguished by the changes in the weight, rigidity and length of the pen under the wrist when depicted.
Bamboo leaf depiction
【Earthworm sketch】
Earthworm depiction needs to be soft and bone-thin, strong but not weak, introverted, rounded with a pen, and best drawn with a seal round pen. Qing Wang Ying said: "Spring snakes and autumn worms, for example, the drawbacks of making books without bones, but the sinister is too much and more vulgar, earthworms should be like seal books, round pens are better" mentioned in this technique.
Earthworm depiction
【Olive Drawing】
Olive drawing with a large sharp pen, the next pen suddenly frustrated, the pen must be hidden sharp, different from the "nail head rat tail". Qing Wang Ying said: "The beginning is extremely light, and the middle pole is calm.
The olive painting is extremely light from the pen to the end, the head and tail are thin, the middle is heavy, and the painting is like an olive fruit, hence the name. Zhou Lujing and Wang Yu believe that this method was created by Yan Hui.
Olive drawing
【Jujube core sketch】
Jujube core drawing uses a large brush stroke, the middle of the turn is suddenly frustrated and round, into a jujube core shape, in order to express the texture of the linen cloth cloth pattern, so it is named jujube core drawing, with the pen to hide the front. Wang Ying said: "The jujube core drawing is also like the olive drawing", in fact, the two are similar in appearance. It is said that Wu Daozi's "Guanyin Statue" is carved in stone and the clothes are raised in the twists and turns, showing the rhythm of the line.
The jujube core drawing is drawn with a large sharp brush, although similar to the olive drawing, the rhythm of the line is softer than that, so the line is more free. The jujube core drawing uses a large brush stroke, and the middle turn is abrupt and round, in the shape of a jujube core. Due to the sharp turn of the line, the natural bulging of the middle section, and the short line, the jujube core drawing is more suitable for expressing the texture of the linen.
Date nucleus depiction
【Battle Strokes】
A kind of character clothing pattern depiction created by the fifth generation of Zhou Wenji. According to the Song "Xuanhe Pictorial Notation", this kind of pen "thin and hard battle, there is a Yu pen method", that is to say, "battle pen stroke" evolved from Li Yu's "golden wrong knife" calligraphy, Li Yu's writing, like a trembling pen curved shape, vigorous as a cold pine frost bamboo, known as "golden wrong knife", "battle pen stroke" is also in a state of trembling and bending, thin and powerful.
The war pen stroke pen mostly uses a thinner "war pen" (vibrating lines) to express the clothing pattern, which is mostly seen in the clothing pattern painting method in the figure painting, and the lines are trembling but not chaotic when painting, and the shape is shaped.
Battle pen depiction
【Stroke reduction】
Subtractive stroke stroke is a fast stroke speed, simple line drawing method. It is characterized by a flanking line brush, and the lines drawn are both general and concise, but also full of variations, especially when the pen speed is fast, especially its pen strength is strong.
The subtractive stroke method is to use the flanking edge to gallop the pen, the lines are full of variations, vigorous and powerful, and the subtraction of the author is a highly generalized object. Wang Ying said, "Less wins more, and a little is more difficult." This method of drawing had a great influence on the development of ink painting in the future, and also had a profound impact on Japanese painting.
Subtract strokes
【Dry wood sketch】
Dry wood painting is a painting method that paints the folds of people's clothes, because of its image of dry wood, because of the name, dry wood painting and subtraction strokes are not very different, dry wood dry strokes are many. Contemporary painter Fan Zeng made a change in thickness on the basis of his sketches, highlighting the sense of rhythm of depression and frustration, making it more perfect.
Dry wood depiction
【Folding Reed Sketch】
Folding reed painting is a kind of painting technique of the character's clothing pattern, the sharp pen is slender when the line is hooked, longer than the skimming, from the round pen to the square pen method, still must have a circle in the square, and the circle is used for the subordinate method. However, after drying, the light ink can make it thick and heavy, and enhance the three-dimensional sense.
When folding the reeds, the pen speed should not be too fast, too fast is easy to flow in the rough rate; it should not be too slow, too slow is easy to stagnate the gesture. While sketching and supplementing with light ink for rendering, on the one hand, it is conducive to enhancing the three-dimensional sense of the clothing pattern; on the other hand, it can also alleviate the sense of tension and stiffness caused by the intense turning of the pen.
Folding reeds
【Cao Yi Painting】
Cao Yi is depicted by the painter Cao Zhongda in the Western Regions, whose paintings of Buddha statues are droopy and dense, and the body is like water, so it is called "Cao Yi out of the water". Influenced by Indian Gandhara art, the pen is thin and droopy, in a circular arc, emphasizing the dense arrangement between the lines.
Its lines are mainly straight with a pen, the texture is calm and round, the lines are fine and worked, close to the body, as if they have just walked up from the water wet, so it is also called "Cao Yi out of the water". In the Northern Song Dynasty Guo Ruoxuan's "Pictorial Insights and Stories", there is a record of "Cao Yi out of the water": "Cao Zhi's pen, its body is thick and folded, and the clothes are tight and narrow". It contrasts with Wu Daozi's style of "Wu Dai DangFeng", enriching the line drawing technique of Chinese painting.
Cao Yi depiction
【Turning head nail drawing】
The head nail stroke is a freehand brushwork, the line is characterized by strong, straight, but avoid painting into a rough feeling. Its pen is strong and strong, simple and simple, bald and old, emphasizing the performance of bone strength, like a thin wooden stake nailed to the ground, and the nail head and rat tail depiction have similarities and appear short and thick.
This line drawing technique was already very popular in the Song Dynasty, when Ma Yuan, Chao Shouzhi and others made good use of this method, and once became the usual technique used by painters to express literati hermits at that time.
Turning head nail stroke
【Mixing】
Mixing refers to the folds of clothes with light ink, and then mixing with thick ink, so it is called "mixing". It is a freehand painting method, the key is the combination of thick and light lines, and the treatment should be clever and appropriate.
The processing of mixing adds to the three-dimensional sense of the picture and the rich variation of lines. In addition, painting with the combination of ink color and light color will produce the effect of yin and yang lines, and the picture lines are rich in changes and have a three-dimensional sense. But there is also another form of expression, that is, the side of the line after the hook line is slightly dyed with light ink, forming a sense of concave and convex.
Mixing
The influence of the eighteen techniques of white painting on Chinese painting is very huge, each technique is carefully studied by many generations of painters, and finally developed into independent depiction, some of which not only have a huge impact on domestic painting, but also have a profound impact on foreign painting.
White painting method summarizes in fact, a total of eighteen techniques, learn white drawing, you must learn eighteen techniques, learn eighteen techniques to draw white painting there is no longer any problem, Chinese painting enthusiasts must know.