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About 3,800 years ago
The Xia people are in today's Henan Yanshi Erlitou site
A building was built with sufficient area
A magnificent capital city the size of more than 400 standard football fields
Yanshi Erlitou ruins
It is recognized by most archaeologists today
The capital of the mid to late Xia Dynasty
Xia Shang Zhou Dynasty Project thinks
The Xia dynasty was established in 2070 BC
More than 200 years before the Erlitou site was built
Where was the early capital of the Xia Dynasty?
Follow the second episode of "Searching for Ancient China: Searching for Summer" "Tracing the Summer Traces"
Among the clues of the remains excavated by archaeologists
Sort out the development of the Xia Dynasty
Starting in 2020
Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology
A new round of archaeological surveys was launched around the Yinghe River Basin
They hope to touch the historical contours of the Xia Dynasty here
It was found during the review of the site of the Taiwang in Xiangcheng, Henan
The Taiwang site covers an area of at least 300,000 square meters
It is a medium-sized settlement site
It is equivalent to a medium-sized city in the early Xia Dynasty
But where would the early summer capital that ruled the land be?
△ The location of the site of the Taiwang of Xiangcheng, Henan
Written in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty
It is recorded in the "Chinese • Zhou Language".
"It's in danger, there's Chongboku"
It means that Dayu's father, Kun, was named Chongbo
And Chong refers to Songshan
It is also recorded in the ancient book "Mencius".
"Yu Shun's son Yu Yangcheng"
It means that after Shun's death, Yu Qian gave up the throne and hid in Yangcheng
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, some scholars commented on its location
"The yin of the mountain is in the deep valley under the Song Mountain"
So, was the capital of the early Xia Dynasty in the Songshan area?
In 1996, the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties project was launched
The Xia dynasty was established in 2070 BC
It survived for about 470 years
It happens to be located in the "deep valley under Songshan Mountain".
Henan Dengfeng Wangchenggang site
The main body was used about 4100 years ago
It roughly coincides with the beginning of the Xia Dynasty
Archaeologists are again at the site of Wangchenggang
The ruins of the Warring States Yang Castle are only one river away
A tray bottom was found
An ancient pottery engraved with "Yangjo Kuraware".
This provides the "Yuju Yang City"
Physical evidence of a mountain basin located at the site of Wangchenggang
△ Henan Dengfeng Yangcheng ruins pottery on the text "Yangcheng warehouse"
The site of Wangchenggang was a high-level settlement in the early Xia Dynasty
A number of high-grade cultural relics such as jade and turquoise tools have been unearthed in the city
But it's only 348,000 square meters
It seems that it is the capital of Dayu, which is a little cramped
This is because it was recorded in the history books
"Summer in Henan, first in Yangcheng, later in Yangzhai"
It turned out that Dayu soon moved to Yangzhai
Yangzhai is located in today's Yuzhou, Henan
And it is the first place of Dayu recorded in the history books
In Yangzhai, the ruins of a larger tile shop were indeed discovered
The total area is three times larger than the site of Wangchenggang
More than 1 million square meters
△ Floor plan of Wadian site in Yuzhou, Henan
Nine pottery tripods were unearthed at the Wadian site
They are arranged in order of size
And they all come from the same cellar pit
According to the Zhou Rite "The Son of Heaven enjoys Jiuding"
Jiuding symbolizes the supreme kingship
Some experts speculate that this may be the case
The historical origin of the Lieding system
There are many obscure forms of sacrifice in later texts
Maybe you can find the source here
△ Get a glimpse of the ancient sacrificial rituals of the Xia Dynasty in the "Mirror of Civilization".
From Yangcheng to Yangzhai, why did Dayu move the capital?
The ruins of Wadian are located on a platform on the southwest bank of the Yinghe River
The Ying River originates in Songshan Mountain, goes all the way to the east and south, and finally flows into the Huai River
It has become a cultural passage connecting the eastern and southern regions of the hinterland of the Central Plains
Maybe it's by the Yinghe River
Dayu led the Xia people out of Songshan and created a generation of dynasties
The Wadian site has a convergence of multiple cultures
△ River trend chart of Yinghe River
Leave the ruins of Wadian in the early Xia Dynasty
Where is the next stop in exploring Xia culture?
The main body of the Xinqi site was used in the year
Between about 3900 and 3800 years ago
The historical period coincides with the birth of Erlitou culture
Since the 70s of the 20th century
Archaeologists have carried out many excavations at the Xinmi Xinqi site in Henan
Eventually, the "triad of cultures" that excites everyone was discovered
According to ancient texts
When Xia Qi's son Taikang was in power
Extravagant and ignorant of government affairs
In the end, Hou Yi from the Dongyi tribe took the opportunity to seize power
The ancient book "Bamboo Book Chronicle" says that this is the era of "no king".
In "Historical Records: Xia Benji", it is called "Taikang Lost Country"
After Hou Yi usurped the throne
Taikang's mother and five brothers fled to Luohe
Waiting on the shore for Taikang's return
And the ruins of Yanshi Erlitou
It is located on the north side of Songshan on the bank of the Luo River
The ruins of Erlitou stand proudly on the high ground on the bank of the Luo River
Cultures from all over the world come together here
The ritual tradition here has spread to all directions
Today, the archaeological community will represent the cultural relics of the Erlitou site
It is named Erlitou Culture
Archaeologists are in Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Anhui, Hubei and other provinces
Nearly 800 relics of Erlitou culture have been discovered one after another
They are archaeological evidence of the control of the First Dynasty of China
Although today's archaeological finds are not yet possible
The history of the Xia Dynasty in the literature is confirmed one by one
But from the foot of Song Mountain Dengfeng Wangchenggang ruins
Yuzhou Wadian Ruins, Xinmi Xinqi Ruins
to the ruins of Erlitou
We can gradually get a glimpse of the development of the Xia Dynasty for about 470 years
On December 22, CCTV-1 22:30
"In Search of Ancient China: In Search of Summer" Episode 2 "Tracing the Traces of Summer"
Let us set foot on the land that has been dormant for thousands of years
Trace the ancient and mysterious culture and history of the Xia Dynasty
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