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In August 1980, the two sessions of the National People's Congress came to an end on time. These seemingly ordinary two sessions are of great political significance. As a result of the two sessions, a large number of politicians who have been toiling in China's political arena for many years have withdrawn from the stage of history. Chen Yonggui, who had worked for several years as vice premier of the State Council, also retired from his post shortly after the congress.
But after all, he has worked in the post of deputy prime minister for many years, and after retirement, he will check the newspaper every day to learn about major national events.
But one day, after reading the newspaper, he suddenly lost his temper with the secretary next to him.
After learning of this, Li Xiannian couldn't help but give an order: "No one is allowed to send newspapers to Chen Yonggui again!"
Why did Chen Yonggui lose his temper with his secretary after reading the newspaper? Why did Li Xiannian make the decision not to show Chen the newspaper?
Click to pay attention and learn about the story of Chen Yonggui's newspaper incident.
Throwing a tantrum out
In August 1980, the National People's Congress was convened as scheduled. At this meeting, a new leadership team was established. At the same time, a large number of veteran comrades who have been active in the political arena for many years have also reached the age of retirement. Through the unanimous appointment and dismissal of the NPC and the CPPCC, a large number of veteran comrades were able to retire smoothly. Among these people is Chen Yonggui, who once held the post of vice premier of the State Council.
Although he entered the Central Committee and only served as vice premier for five years, this old man, who was born in 1914, is also past the age of sixties. Coupled with his physical reasons and other factors, he finally retired on the unanimous recommendation of the leadership of the Party Central Committee.
Chen Yonggui was born in Shanxi, but after retiring, he did not leave Beijing immediately and returned to his hometown. After his retirement, he remained in Beijing, reading newspapers all day long to learn about national events.
Whoever sees such a Xi will probably praise him for his concern for national affairs. But it was precisely because of his love of reading newspapers that Chen Yonggui had an unpleasant relationship with his secretary.
One day, Chen Yonggui once again picked up the newspaper sent by his secretary. After reading it carefully, Chen Yonggui's face, which was always smiling, became more and more blue. Seeing that the leader's mood was not right, the secretary hurriedly asked him what had happened. Unexpectedly, this angered Chen Yonggui and scolded the secretary who sent the newspaper.
And after this incident, he was originally very healthy, but he suddenly fell seriously ill. I don't know if it's because of illness or because he's very depressed, not only does he not think about tea and dinner, but he even always looks out the window alone in a daze. Seeing Chen's body losing weight day by day, his spirit became more and more depressed. The secretary finally sensed that something was wrong and hurriedly reported the matter to the central leadership.
As an important member of the Party Central Committee, Li Xiannian immediately understood the mystery after receiving the news. He immediately ordered: "All staff members are required not to transfer newspapers to Chen Yonggui again, and must save his body first." ”
Although Li Xiannian's approach is not understood by outsiders, it has also achieved certain results. After staying away from the newspaper, Chen Yonggui's spirit was obviously much better than before, and his physical condition gradually improved.
And the reason for this transformation is mainly in the newspaper reports.
As a peasant-born vice premier, Chen's ability to rise to an important position in the Party Central Committee is inseparable from Chairman Mao's appreciation. And his ability to stand out from thousands of peasants and become a famous peasant prime minister on the mainland is inseparable from the great achievements he has made in agriculture, thus creating the "Dazhai spirit".
Dazhai's agricultural achievements and "Dazhai spirit" are the proudest achievements of Chen Yonggui's life, and they are the foundation for him to become vice premier of the State Council step by step. However, because of the change in the country's development policy and the change in the country's agricultural strength, the two achievements that it is proud of have been questioned by the masses.
The doubts of the masses are understandable, but this has caused him great trouble. As productivity continues to change, so does the way agriculture develops. Since the introduction of household production contracting, agriculture, which had been sluggish, has quickly ushered in a wave of growth. Driven by Xiaogang Village and other agricultural demonstration villages, large and small villages across the country have begun to implement the contract responsibility system. Through the form of more work and more rewards, self-responsibility for profits and losses, etc., to stimulate the enthusiasm of the peasants.
As a result of some experimentation, agriculture across the country began to recover and develop, and farmers began to struggle to survive to be fed and clothed.
Under such stimulus, the masses could not help but develop antipathy and criticism of the collective farms of the past. As a representative of the collective agricultural economy in the past, Dazhai and the "Dazhai spirit" have become the primary target of mass criticism.
Although Chen is a vice premier of the State Council, he has a certain degree of limitation in his view of many issues due to the limitations of education level and other factors. Therefore, after discovering that the newspapers were widely published with criticism of his two achievements, he felt a heavy shame. In a state of agitation, Chen Yonggui lost his temper with his secretary. After that, he was even more troubled by this incident and was mentally tormented.
Peasant Prime Minister
Chen Yonggui's Dazhai achievements and spirit have been criticized by the masses, how will this authentic "peasant prime minister" view all this?
Chen Yonggui was born in Shanxi in 1914 and was born as a farmer. Although he was later elected vice premier of the State Council and became a leading cadre of the country. But in fact, it is not surprising that he has always adhered to his peasant nature for the first few decades of his life.
If you have to say what are the characteristics of Chen Yonggui's early experience, it can only be described by the word sadness. Born in Shanxi, he is not a native resident of Dazhai Village in Xiyang. When he was not yet 10 years old, there was a major drought in Shanxi that had not been seen for decades, and Chen's father had no choice but to take him to flee the famine. Eventually, the Chen family moved to Dazhai Village, hoping to settle down here. But because of the pressure of life, Chen's father, who could not maintain the normal operation of the family, chose to hang himself to end his tragic life. Chen Yonggui, who was helpless, was adopted and became a long-term worker to support himself.
Although Chen Yonggui escaped starvation, this tragic experience deprived him of a great opportunity to receive an education. For the first few decades of his life, he lived as an illiterate person, and even when he later became a party cadre and vice premier of the State Council, he still had a low level of education and could only complete simple literacy.
Although he is an ordinary farmer, he also has a patriotic heart. In the process of the Japanese invasion of China, this peasant, who was living in poverty, gradually awakened his will to defend his family and country. But as a peasant, he did not choose to defend the motherland by stepping into the army. He chose to help China's revolutionary cause by becoming an underground worker of our party and providing information to our party.
Because of his identity as a peasant, in the course of the Anti-Japanese War, he provided a lot of useful information for our army and became a well-known local underground worker. But in addition to delivering information to our party, he is still a qualified farmer, and the focus of his life is still on farming.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Chen's Dazhai village began land reform work. As a long-term worker, he never imagined that one day he would be able to own his own land and become the owner of the land. When he really reaped the land allocated to him by the party organization, his feelings for the Communist Party became even deeper. In order to repay the "grace of land sharing" of the party organization, he will always devote 12 points of enthusiasm to participate in agricultural work. In addition, he will also call on the masses to fight together for the communist cause and strive for all Chinese people to get their own land.
Because of his outstanding performance and firm will, Chen Yonggui was absorbed by our party as a party member. A few years later, the branch secretary of Dazhai Village chose to retire due to old age. Before retiring, he immediately fell in love with the aggressive Chen Yonggui as his successor.
In this way, Chen Yonggui, who was born as a farmer, became the secretary of the party branch of Dazhai and became a cadre of our party.
After taking office, the peasant cadre began his revolutionary journey. He actively mobilized the local people to reclaim the wasted land, and by expanding the reclaimed area and improving the soil quality, he led the villagers of Dazhai to increase their grain production several times.
Time came to the 60s, when natural disasters were frequent, the people of Dazhai overcame many difficulties in natural conditions under the leadership of Chen, and in the famine years, a brigade handed over 1.75 million catties of grain. Although these grains are put in the whole country to see a drop in the bucket, such a spirit of defying natural hardships and dangers and fighting bravely has become an example in the eyes of everyone. Even Chairman Mao noticed the achievements of Dazhai and the spirit of Dazhai contained in it.
In 1964, Chairman Mao took the initiative to communicate with the Shanxi Provincial Party Committee and praised Chen Yonggui. At this point, Chen Yonggui came into the sight of Chairman Mao and began to walk into the Central Committee.
Dazhai and Xiaogang
Chen Yonggui was full of revolutionary spirit and made great contributions to the country through hard work in the era of natural disasters. But when agricultural production has changed dramatically, is Dazhai still right?
Under Chairman Mao's appreciation, Shanxi and even all parts of the country began to take the initiative to learn Xi revolutionary spirit of Dazhai. Even Chairman Mao has publicly spoken out, saying that the people of the whole country should learn from Dazhai Xi. Chen Yonggui, as a representative of Dazhai, has also received the attention of the organization. He began to gradually leave Dazhai and take up important positions in Shanxi, passing on his revolutionary experience to the common people in his territory.
Before 1975, Chen was the secretary of the Shanxi Provincial Party Committee, responsible for the development planning of Shanxi Province. Although the level of education is not high, through the teaching of the culture class, he is able to complete the daily needs of reading books and newspapers. For his best practice of agriculture, he is able to explain the truth in concise language.
In 1975, Premier Zhou was seriously ill and hospitalized, and the State Council had a heavy workload that needed to be shared. Chairman Mao immediately thought of Chen Yonggui, a down-to-earth and hard-working revolutionary cadre. So under the promotion of Chairman Mao, Chen officially entered the Central Committee and became a state-level cadre. Because he was in charge of agricultural development, he successfully completed the relevant work and worked for five years.
In the past five years, he has never changed his peasant dress, nor has he received state wages, he was born as a farmer and devoted himself to agricultural development, hoping to convey the construction opinions of Dazhai to the whole country, create more Dazhai villages for China, and thus improve China's agricultural situation.
But in the process of promoting Dazhai to the whole country, there are also certain problems. Because of the propaganda of the policy, the whole country began to blindly learn from Xi Dazhai, taking it as the "master key" of agricultural development in various places, and did not consider the differences in agricultural development between various places. The phenomenon of formalism has emerged in many places, which eventually led to the failure to build another Dazhai not only failed, but also led to the phenomenon of local labor and money and stagnation of agricultural development.
With the passage of time, the problems in the Dazhai model have gradually emerged. Especially after the emergence of Xiaogang Village, a typical example of agricultural development under the contract responsibility system, Dazhai's achievements began to be forgotten by everyone.
By giving full play to their own labor enthusiasm, the peasants in Xiaogang Village have eliminated a series of problems that may exist in the collective production process, and finally achieved very good results.
The victory of Xiaogang Village was not only the beginning of a village to be fed and clothed, but also the beginning of a change in the relationship between agricultural production throughout the country.
Under the impact of household contracting, the former collective economy seems to have become a product of the old era. Across the country, peasants who have benefited from the contract responsibility system have also questioned the collective economy. Under the doubts of the masses, Dazhai, a former national model, has become the object of everyone's criticism.
Although Chen Yonggui has retired, he is also very sad after seeing the relevant news reports. Dazhai and the spirit of Dazhai are regarded as treasures by him as important achievements of his life. In the face of the accusations of the people of the whole country, his heart was like a knife. This also ended up in an unusual performance for him.
But in fact, whether it is Dazhai or Xiaogang, they all conform to the law of agricultural development of the country at that time at a specific time. At a specific time stage, the two agricultural production methods are in line with the national conditions and have a role in promoting the development of the country. The reason why Dazhai is criticized by the masses is only because the times are changing, and the agricultural productivity is also changing. After more than ten years of development, the Dazhai model has been unable to adapt to the new productive forces and production relations.
Although the "Dazhai model" has been thrown in the tide of the times, the hard-working, hard-working, hard-working Dazhai spirit represented by it has been handed down, and many people use this spirit in all walks of life to shine in the wave of reform and opening up.
But the decline of Dazhai is undoubtedly a painful blow to Chen Yonggui. Under heavy pressure, he chose to voluntarily withdraw from politics and disappeared from people's eyes.
In 1983, he came to the farm in the eastern suburbs of Beijing and once again stepped into the front line of agricultural development.
In 1986, Chen Yonggui died in Beijing at the age of 72. The peasant prime minister dedicated his life to the country and devoted all his efforts to the land. Although he did not have a heroic story to sing and cry about, he also worked hard for the survival of thousands of Chinese people and for the development of New China.
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