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Recently, some netizens have sent private messages to the editor, asking which surname in the Republic of China is the most general? At first glance, this question is boring, but it is still interesting to think about it. Completely sorting out the generals with the most surnames during the Republic of China is equivalent to reviewing the entire modern history of China, and it is still of great educational significance. According to official statistics, including the generals promoted during the Beiyang government, the surname with the most generals in the Republic of China was Zhang.
1. Admiral Zhang of the Beiyang Government
During the beiyang government, a total of 66 general promotion ceremonies were held, and 65 generals were promoted. Why this funny situation, because Zhou Yinren was promoted to general twice. Among the 65 generals, General Zhang occupied 10 seats, ranking in no particular order of promotion, in order:
01. Zhang Xun (1854 – September 11, 1923), formerly known as Zhang He , Shaoxuan , Shaoxuan , Songshou Old Man , a native of Fengxin County , Jiangxi Province , was one of the warlords of modern Beiyang in China. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, he served as the viceroy of Yunnan, Gansu, and Jiangnan.
After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, in order to show his loyalty to the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Xun forbade allied braids and was called "Braided Shuai". In 1913, he suppressed yuan jun and promoted him to general of the army. Later, he served as the envoy of the Yangtze River Patrol and the overseer of Anhui. In 1917, in the name of mediating in the "dispute between the government and the courtyard", he led troops into Beijing, and on July 1, he and Kang Youwei supported Puyi's restoration, but on the 12th, they were defeated by the "rebel army" of the Anhui warlord Duan Qirui and fled to the Dutch legation in China. He died of illness in Tianjin, with the posthumous name Zhongwu.
02. Zhang Xiluan (1843-1922), also known as Jinpo, Jinpo, jinpo, a native of Qiantang (now Hangzhou), Zhejiang, was born in Chengdu. Senior general of the Beiyang warlords of the Republic of China. In the late Qing Dynasty, he served as the governor of Zhi County and the prefect, and served as the governor of Shanxi when the Wuchang Uprising broke out. In 1912, he supported the republic and was appointed by Yuan Shikai as the fengtian defense, the xuanfu envoy of the three eastern provinces, and the governor of Fengtian. In June 1914, he was awarded the title of General of Zhen'an, but resigned because he was ostracized by Zhang Zuolin. He died in October 1922 in Tianjin.
03. Zhang Guangjian (1864-1938), Zi Xunbo, a native of Hefei, Anhui. In his early years, he entered the Huai Army and became a military adjutant. Because of his merits, he was appreciated by Inspector Yuan Shikai, and gradually became a confidant of Yuan Shikai, and during the Xin Ke Revolution, he served as a political envoy in Shandong, and later succeeded Hu Jianshu as the acting inspector of Shandong. After the founding of the Republic of China in 1912, he was transferred to SuncheonFu Yin, and in December 1913, he was awarded the rank of general of the army. In 1914, he became the governor and civil administrator of Gansu, supervising the military and political power of Gansu. He was awarded Viscount of the First Class in December 1915. He was dismissed from office by the Beijing government in 1921. He returned to his hometown in Hefei in 1937 and died in 1938 at the age of 74.
04. Zhang Huaizhi (1862 – October 10, 1934), Zizhi, a native of Gaoshang Village, Liuji Town, Dong'a County, Shandong Province. Born in 1862 to a family that had fallen into ruin. In 1903 (the twenty-ninth year of Guangxu), Zhang Huaizhi was appointed as the assistant commander of the Beiyang Standing Army Zuo Zhen Bu Yi Xie, on January 17, 1912, the Qing court appointed Zhang Huaizhi to be the deputy minister of defense of Shandong, on January 11, 1919, he was appointed as the chief of staff, and on January 9, 1922, he was awarded the title of general of the army. In 1924, during the Second Zhifeng War, he served as the chief of staff of the Beiyang government and the chief of the former enemy's general law enforcement department. After the defeat of his immediate family, he went to work and lived idly. He died in Tianjin in 1934.
05. Zhang Shaozeng (1879-1928), courtesy name Jingyu, was born on October 9, 1879 in Dacheng County, Zhili County, a political and military figure in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty. In his early years, he joined the army, studied in Japan, and after returning to China, he served as the general office of the coaching office of the Beiyang Governor's Training Office. In 1911, he was appointed commander of the twentieth town of the New Army. After the Wuchang Uprising, he launched the Luanzhou Military Advisory, and plotted with Wu Luzhen and others to raise troops against the Qing, and on November 7, 1911, Wu Luzhen was assassinated and took refuge in Tianjin. In 1913, he was appointed by President Yuan Shikai as General Suiyuan. In 1916, he was appointed director of army training in the Beiyang government. In 1922, he became the deputy secretary of the army, and in January of the following year, he became the premier of the state, and once advocated negotiating with Sun Yat-sen on the reunification of the north and the south, and also advocated the drafting of the constitution before electing a president. He was assassinated in 1928.
06. Zhang Fulai (1871-1925), zi heng, a native of Jiaohe (present-day Hebei), directly subordinate to the warlord and general Ofe Jingwei. In his early years, he joined Cao Kun's army as a soldier, successively serving as a battalion commander, regimental commander, brigade commander of the Sixth Brigade of the Third Division, and commander of the Twenty-fourth Division. In 1922, he was also appointed as the Governor of Henan, in 1923 he was appointed General Fu Jingwei, and in 1924, during the Second Zhifeng War, he was appointed commander of reinforcements of the Zhi Army. After the defeat of the Zhi army, they went to the field. He died of illness in Hankou in 1925.
07. Zhang Zuolin (March 19, 1875 – June 4, 1928), courtesy name Yuting, was a Han Chinese from Fengtian Haicheng (present-day Xixiaowatun, Majiafang Village, Driving Zhangsi Township, Panjin City, Liaoning Province). The head of the Beiyang Army is the fourteenth head of the Beiyang government.
Zhang Zuolin was born as a bandit, and later accepted the imperial court's recruitment and became an official. After the outbreak of the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, Zhang Zuolin was used heavily because of his rapid action to suppress the revolutionary party in the three eastern provinces, and he successively served as a division commander and a Fengtian overseer. In 1916, he was made a General of Sheng Wu by Yuan Shikai. He became King of the Northeast in 1919 and was promoted to general in January 1920. In 1927, he was appointed Grand Marshal of the Beiyang Government for Land, Sea and Air Affairs (de facto head of state). On June 4, 1928, he was killed by the Japanese in Huanggutun.
08. Zhang Zuoxiang (1881-1949) was born in Huapo Village, Taikoozhuang, Shenxian County (now part of Qianmotou Town, Shenzhou City, Hebei Province), and was born in Yi County, Jinzhou, Fengtian (now Banjita Township, Linghai City, Jinzhou). Born in Lulin, Zhang Zuolin's brother-in-law, he served as the commander of the Fengjun Army and the overseer of Jilin Province. He was promoted to general on 9 October 1927. In 1930, he acted as commander of the Northeast Frontier Defense, and resigned after the September 18 Incident in 1933. He died in Tianjin in March 1949.
09. Zhang Zongchang (February 13, 1881 – September 3, 1932), courtesy name Xiaokun, was a native of Ye County, Shandong Province, and the leader of the Beiyang Feng clan warlords. He successively served as the commander of the First Division of the Beiyang Army, the commander of the First Army of the Xuanfu Army, the military governor of Shandong, and the commander-in-chief of the Zhilu Coalition Army. On August 19, 1926, he was promoted to general of the army and was promoted to general of Feng Yiwei. After being defeated by the Northern Expeditionary Army in 1928, he was killed by the Shandong warlord Han Fuyu on September 3, 1932.
10. Zhang Qijun (1877-1927), zi wu, number wu, guangxi guilin, late Qing dynasty jinshi. He once served as the commander of the Nanwu Army, the lieutenant general of the Military Affairs Department of the Hunan Governor's Office, the senior adviser of the State Council of the Beiyang Government, and the governor of Guangxi Province. He was promoted to General of the Army on 9 April 1927. After being defeated by the Northern Expeditionary Army, he fled to Sichuan with Wu Peifu in the same year, and in the same year was killed by local armed forces in Henan.
2. General Zhang surnamed Zhang who was promoted to the Nationalist government after 1935
At the beginning of 1935, the National Government unified and standardized the promotion system of the national army ranks, and made meticulous provisions for the promotion and division of the rank of general. From then until the defeat in Taiwan in 1949, the Nationalist government promoted only more than 100 generals (including second-class generals and posthumous generals), of which 8 were generals surnamed Zhang:
01. Zhang Xueliang: General of the First Class of the Army
Zhang Xueliang (3 June 1901 – 14 October 2001), courtesy name Hanqing, was a Chinese poet who was known as Shuangxi and Xiao Liuzi. Han nationality, born in Dongfeng Town, Dawa County, Panjin City, Liaoning Province, was born in Zhangjiabaotun (formerly known as Sangzi Lin Zhan Jia WoPu) in Ejia Village, Huandong Town, Tai'an County, Anshan City, Liaoning Province, a general of the National Revolutionary Army, the eldest son of Zhang Zuolin, the leader of the warlords, and a famous patriotic general in modern China. In 1935, he was promoted to general of the first class of the National Revolutionary Army, and was then the deputy commander-in-chief of the navy, army and air force of the National Government in Nanjing. On December 12, 1936, he launched the Xi'an Incident, which led to the Chinese Reunification War of Resistance, and was placed under house arrest by Chiang Kai-shek for a long time. He was released in 1990 and moved to Hawaii, WHERE he died in 2001 at the age of 101.
02. Zhang Zhen: General of the Army
Zhang Zhen (1884-1963), Zi Ganzhi, Han ethnicity, Fujian Zhao'an people. He served as the commander, regimental commander, brigade commander of the Fujian local armed battalion, and the commander-in-chief of the former enemy of the Fujian Autonomous Army. In 1927, during the Northern Expedition, he defected to the Guangdong Revolutionary Government and served as the commander of the Independent Fourth Division of the National Revolutionary Army. He resigned in 1933 to recuperate. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in 1937, he was appointed as the chairman of the Fourth Regiment of the Military Conduct and Discipline Inspection Group of the Military Commission of the National Government, and later became the chairman of the First Regiment. On October 10, 1946, he was promoted to the rank of general of the Army and retired from active service. He fled to Taiwan with Chiang Kai-shek in 1949 and died in Taiwan in 1963 at the age of 79.
03. Zhang Zhijiang: Second-class general of the Army
Zhang Zhijiang (1882-1969), zi zi min, trumpet Zi Ling, alias Tianxing, teaching name Paul, Hebei Yanshan people, famous general of the Northwest Army, the main advocate and founder of Chinese national art. He once served as the battalion commander, regimental commander, brigade commander of the mixed brigade, acting commander-in-chief of the Nationalist Army, chairman of the Military Commission, and was the head of the Five Tigers of Feng Yuxiang's department. He was promoted to major general in 1918 and lieutenant general in 1922. In 1927, he resigned to engage in sports and national art development education. In 1936, he was reinstated as a lieutenant general in the army, and later assisted Li Zongren, commander of the Fifth Theater, in commanding the Battle of Taierzhuang in the War of Resistance Against Japan. In July 1946, he was promoted to second-class general of the Army and immediately transferred to the reserve. He died in Shanghai in 1969 at the age of 85.
04. Zhang Wei: Second-class general of the Army
Zhang Wei (1886 – May 25, 1966), courtesy name Boying, was a native of Tiemen Town, Xin'an County, Henan Province. The main leader of the Shaanxi New Army is known as the "old thief's head." He was the commander of the Second Division of the Shaanxi Army, the commander-in-chief of the 20th Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army, and the chairman of Henan Province. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he served as the commander-in-chief of the Reserve of the First Theater and the vice president and president of the Military Senate. In 1947, he was promoted to second-class general of the army, and in 1948, he instigated the uprising of Chen Kefeibu of the 20th Regiment of the Kuomintang, and died of illness in Beijing in 1965 at the age of 81.
05. Zhang Fakui: Second-class general of the Army
Zhang Fakui (September 2, 1896 – March 10, 1980), also known as Yi Bin (逸斌), was born in Sixing County, Shaoguan, Guangdong Province, of Han Ethnicity. He successively served as the commander of the guard battalion of Sun Yat-sen's base camp, the commander of the National Revolutionary Army, the brigade commander of the Independent Brigade of the Iron Fourth Army, the commander of the 12th Division of the Iron Fourth Army, and the commander of the Iron Fourth Army. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, he served as the commander of the Second Corps, the commander-in-chief of the Eighth Army, and the commander-in-chief of the Fourth Theater. He was promoted to army general of the second rank on 3 October 1945. In 1949, he became commander-in-chief of the army of the Nationalist government. He died in Hong Kong in 1980 at the age of 85.
06. Zhang Zhizhong: Second-class general of the Army
Zhang Zhizhong (27 October 1890 – 6 April 1969), male, originally known as Ben Yao (本尧), was a chinese politician, later renamed Zhizhong (治中), a native of Chao County, Anhui (now Chaohu, Anhui), graduated from baoding military academy, and was a key general of the Huangpu department. He successively served as the company commander, battalion commander, chief of staff of the major general division of the Guangdong-Dian Army, chief of the third enlistment of the Whampoa Military Academy, head of the officer corps, commander of the Second Division of the National Revolutionary Army, and lieutenant general of the Fifth Army of the National Revolutionary Army. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, he served as the commander-in-chief of the Ninth Army, the director of the Political Department of the Military Commission of the National Government, and the director of the Northwest Camp, chairman of the Military Commission. He was promoted to army general of the second rank on 3 October 1945. In 1949, he was appointed Chief Representative of the Peace Mission of the National Government. He died in Beijing in 1969 at the age of 80.
07. Zhang Zizhong: General of the Army (posthumously)
Zhang Zizhong (11 August 1891 – 16 May 1940), courtesy name Xingchen, later changed to Xingchen, Han Chinese, Linqing, Shandong, commander-in-chief of the Right Wing Army of the Fifth Theater and Commander-in-Chief of the Thirty-third Group Army, Lieutenant General of the Chinese Kuomintang, posthumously awarded the rank of Second Rank General, Famous Anti-Japanese General and National Hero. He successively served as a company commander, battalion commander, regimental commander, brigade commander, division commander, mayor of Beijing, and lieutenant general of the 38th Division of the 29th Route Army. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, he served as the commander of the 59th Army and the commander-in-chief of the 33rd Group Army, and was killed in battle with the Japanese army in Xiangyang in May 1940, and was posthumously awarded the second rank of the army general.
08. Zhang Chenxing: Army General (Posthumous gift)
Zhang Chenxing (1905-1939), Han Chinese, a native of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, graduated from the ninth term of the Baoding Army Officer School. He successively served as the commander of the platoon, company and battalion of the Zhejiang Army, joined the Northern Expeditionary Army in 1926, served as the director of the office of the colonel's staff committee, and in 1935 was transferred to the senior staff of the major general of the Military Commission of the National Government. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he served as the head of the Baoding Battalion Operations Group of the Military Commission Committee, the deputy chief of staff of the First Theater Commander's Headquarters, and was promoted to lieutenant general in 1938. In the spring of 1939, he was transferred to the Tianshui Xing Battalion of the Military Commission Committee, and on March 7 of the same year, he was hit by a poison gas bomb dropped by a Japanese aircraft, and he was martyred and posthumously awarded the army as a second-class general.