Founding monarch: King Wu of Zhou Ji Fa, Ji surname, name Fa.
Zhou Dynasty: (1046 BC – 256 BC) was the third slave dynasty in Chinese history after the Shang Dynasty. The Zhou Dynasty passed on a total of 32 generations of kings and 37 kings, enjoying a total of 790 years, and the Zhou Dynasty was divided into two periods: the Western Zhou Dynasty (1046-771 BC) and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (770 BC-256 BC).
Event: King Wu of Zhou launched the Battle of Muye, defeated the Shang Dynasty, and established the Western Zhou Dynasty.
Decisive Battle: Battle of Makino - A battle in which the defeat of the Shang King was due to the brutality of the Shang King causing the soldiers to defect.
Extended idiom: defection.
Dingdu: Hojing (known as the Western Zhou Dynasty in history), now Xi'an, Shaanxi;
System: Separate envelope system and well field system
Partition system: After Zhou Tianzi conquered the world, he divided the land to the meritorious heroes and royal families to establish vassal states, the main purpose of which was to consolidate the royal family and expand the territory. For example, Jiang Ziya was divided into Qi land and established the state of Qi, and the royal family, such as his brother Zhou Gongdan, was divided into Lu land to establish the state of Lu. The primogeniture system must be inherited by the primogeniture born to the wife, which is the patriarchal system. The patriarchal system and the feudal system are mutually exclusive.
Ida system: "the whole world is not the king's land" from the "Book of Songs", the Ida system at that time shows that the entire world of the land belongs to the king of Zhou, because the land at that time is criss-crossed, similar to the word tac-toe, so it is called the well field system.
Introduction to famous figures in the Western Zhou Dynasty
Duke of Zhou: surnamed Ji Mingdan, is the fourth son of King Wen of Zhou, the younger brother of King Wu, a famous politician in ancient China, who twice assisted King Wu of Zhou to conquer the king of Zhou, and made ceremonial music, and ruled the world. Because its mining is in Zhou, the lord is the prince, so it is called the Duke of Zhou. Zhou Gongdong's expedition to quell the rebellion of the three eunuchs. The legendary Zhou Gong of "Zhou Gong's Dream Interpretation" is him.
The Rebellion of the Three Prisons: also known as the Rebellion of Guan Cai or the Rebellion of Wu Geng. It was the rebellion of three rulers who were divided around the Shang Wangji region (near present-day Anyang City, Henan Province) in the early Western Zhou Dynasty.
After King Wu destroyed the Shang, he listened to the opinions of Zhou Gongdan and adopted the policy of "governing Yin with Yin", divided Wu Geng, the son of King Wu, into Yin, and used him to rule the Yin people. At the same time, King Wu sent his brothers Guan Shu (called "Ji Xian", the third son of King Wen of Zhou) and Shu Cai (called "Ji Du", the fifth son of King Wen of Zhou). ), Uncle Huo (called "Ji Chu", the eighth son of King Wen of Zhou. In the vicinity of Yindu, the establishment of the three kingdoms of Shao, Hu, and Wei to monitor Wu Geng, known as the 'Three Prisons'. King Wu died of illness shortly after the destruction of Shang, and King Cheng of Zhou succeeded to the throne at the age of 13, and Duke Zhou assisted King Cheng in governing the government. However, the younger brothers of King Wu of Zhou, Uncle Guan, Uncle Cai and Uncle Huo were not convinced, so they spread rumors, saying that the Duke of Zhou wanted to usurp the throne, entangled with Wu Geng, the son of King Zhou, contacted a group of nobles of Yin Shang, and instigated several tribes of Dongyi to unite to raise troops on the side of the Qing monarch, which is known as the Rebellion of the Three Eunuchs. The rebellion of the three prisons was finally quelled by the Duke of Zhou, who killed Wu Geng, punished Uncle Guan, exiled Uncle Cai, and degraded Uncle Huo as a concubine.
The historical demarcation event between the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty: The Dog Rong disaster occurred in 771 BC, when the Western Yi Dog Rong invaded the capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Haojing, killed the King of Zhou You, and the Haojing was broken, so the succeeding King of Zhou Ping moved east to Luoyi.
Western Zhou bronzes
Ligui, also known as "Wuwang Zhengshang Gui", "Zhou Dynasty Heaven Extinguishing Gui" or "Tan Gong Gui", early Western Zhou Dynasty bronzes, unearthed in 1976 in Lingkou Town, Lintong County, Shaanxi Province, collected in the National Museum of China.
Dimensions and shapes: 28 cm high, 22 cm in diameter, 7.95 kg in weight. The sharp instrument has an extravagant mouth, the head of the beast has two earlobes, the abdomen hangs, and the square seat is cast under the circle foot. The body and square seat are decorated with gluttonous patterns, and the four corners of the square seat plane are decorated with cicada patterns.
Value: The inscription on the inner bottom of the vessel is 4 lines and 32 characters, which records the major historical event of King Wu's war in the early morning of Jiazi Day.
He Zun: Unearthed in 1963 in Jiacun Town, Baoji County, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province (now Chencang District, Baoji City), collected in the Baoji Bronze Museum of China.
Dimensions and shape: height 38.5 cm, diameter 28.8 cm, weight 14.6 kg. Round-mouthed prismatic, long neck, slightly bulging abdomen, high hoop feet. The gastropods have a delicate high-relief animal face pattern, and the horn ends protrude from the surface of the vessel. There are four ribs on the side of the body. The shape is strong and the craftsmanship is exquisite.
Value: There are 12 lines of inscriptions and 122 words of inscriptions on the inner bottom, among which "Zhaizi China" is the earliest written record of the word "China", which mentions that King Wu of Zhou decided to build the capital in Luoyi when he was alive, that is, "Zhaizi China", and the "Luohe" and "Summoning" in the "Shangshu" and other documents can be mutually corroborated, which has played a role in confirming and supplementing history, and provides important material materials for the study of the history of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the dating of bronzes. Of particular note is the inscription "Zhaizi China", which is the earliest known occurrence of the word "China". Zunli's "China" refers to the center of the world at that time, the center of the dynasty, and the newly built capital of Chengzhou, which is now the area of Luoyang, Henan. The inscription of He Zun describes a series of activities in which King Cheng of Zhou built the Zhou Dynasty, held sacrifices, and rewarded his courtiers.
Niu Shoukui dragon pattern tripod: December 10, 1979 unearthed in Shaanxi Chunhua County Shijiayuan,
Dimensions and shape: height 122 cm, diameter 83 cm, abdominal depth 54 cm, ear height 28.6 cm, weight: 226 kg. This tripod is a double-eared three-legged round tripod. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that there are three ring-shaped ears in the abdomen, which correspond to the three columns below. The abdomen is decorated with a circle of dragon patterns near the edge of the mouth, a total of six dragons, two by two, each group is spaced with a ridge. Underneath each ridge, there is also a circular carved ox's head pattern. The three pillars supporting the body of the tripod are decorated with animal face patterns.
Folding: Unearthed in 1976 in Baicun, Fufengzhuang, Baoji, Shaanxi. It is collected in the Baoji Bronze Museum.
Dimensions and shape: height 28.7 cm, abdominal depth 12.5 cm, mouth width 11.8 cm, mouth width 7 cm, weight 9100 grams. The body is rectangular, with a stream in front and a pin in the back, and is divided into two parts: the lid and the body. The head end of the cover is in the shape of a raised beast, with a high nose and drums, two teeth exposed, two huge curved horns, a beast face between the two horns, from the top of the head in the middle of the ridge of the cover extends a ridge to the tail, the ridge of the neck section is in the shape of a dragon, and each side is decorated with a dragon with a curly tail. Below the neck of the cover, it is decorated with a gluttonous pattern, and two three-dimensional animal ears are cast at the head of the glutton. The body of the vessel is curved and wide, the belly is bulging, and the middle line and corners of each side are decorated with open-carved ridges, forming several groups of gluttonous textures, which appear solemn and generous. The whole body is divided into three layers, with the animal face pattern and the kui pattern as the main pattern, and the cloud and thunder pattern as the ground pattern. It is accompanied by elephants, snakes, owls and other animals, and the form is realistic. There is a dragon at the back of the body, the upper part is made into a dragon's horned beast head, the middle part is an ostrich, the lower part is a curled elephant trunk, and there are protruding tusks on both sides. The ring-foot ribs are decorated with retrospective dragon patterns. Obvious diagonal crossings can be seen at the bottom of the vessel.
Value: It is a square and rare, it is the standard of bronze generation, exquisite craftsmanship, and it is a representative work of bronze casting. It has high historical and artistic value.
Extra:
Qishan Zhenzi Noodles: Zangzi noodles originated in the Zhou Dynasty. Legend has it that King Wu of Zhou encountered a monster like a "dragon" in Qishan when he was fighting merchants. After killing the monster, in order to boost morale, it was decided to eat monster meat for everyone. But there were too many people and there were not enough points, so they cooked soup and drank a bowl for each person, which felt very delicious. This is also the prototype of Qishan Zhenzi noodles.
"Zhou Gong's Dream Interpretation": It is a dream interpretation book based on people's dreams to Bu Ji Ji, it interprets the seven types of dreams of people, the Zhou Gong in the book is Zhou Gongdan, Confucius's dream of "I no longer dream of Zhou Gongdan" often appears in Confucianism. Zhou Gong is a character who frequently appears in the dreams of Confucius, and in China, where Confucianism has long dominated culture, Zhou Gong is inevitably directly associated with dreams.