#头条讲真的#
Chayote is a vine, likes warmth, is not cold-tolerant, and requires not to be too hot, likes warm and sunny environment, does not have strict requirements for soil, but grows best in loose and fertile, acidic and slightly acidic soil rich in organic matter, and uses the method of sowing for sexual propagation, and can also be propagated by cuttings with branches.
Chayote is crisp and juicy, delicious and delicious, with high nutritional value, it can be used as a vegetable and eaten raw as a fruit.
In addition, chayote can also be used as a garden ornamental plant to beautify the environment. When a family plants a few plants, they not only have vegetables to eat, but also add a lot of vitality and beauty to the garden.
1. Chayote planting time
Chayote does not have strict temperature requirements during the growth period, and it can grow well in an environment of 10~31 degrees. The most suitable growth temperature is 18~25 degrees. It is a cold-tolerant plant and will be exposed to freezing if the temperature is below 0°C. Therefore, open field planting should be planted after mid-April after frost breaking.
II. Breeding method
Generally, there are two kinds of propagation: seed melon and cuttings.
1. Seed melon propagation: In autumn, select melons with uniform size, consistent maturity, fruit stalks, no deformity, no disabilities, and no frost damage to be reserved for seed melons, and the size of melons is 250~350 grams. After the melon is selected, it is stored in an environment of no less than 10 °C, and germination is carried out in March of the following year.
(1) Germination: There are two germination methods: one is to put the single melon into a non-toxic plastic bag, and then put it into a fruit basket or carton; Then the fruit basket or carton is placed under the condition of 15~25C to promote germination. In this way, using its own moisture, the embryo of the melon begins to expand at the right temperature. When the embryonic body swells to a certain extent, the seed detaches from the placenta, forcing the anterior suture to crack, the radicle first stretches out of the cleft, and the chordal adventitious root occurs at the hypocotyl, at this time the cotyledons extend out about 1/4 of the cleft of the suture, which is the best time to raise seedlings.
(2) Seedling breeding
Planting melon seedlings: a small number of plants can be planted with a diameter of 18 ~ 20 cm, a length of 25 cm plastic bags, filled with a relative humidity of about 75% of the nutrient soil (50% of the field soil and fully decomposed organic fertilizer), and 5 small holes at the bottom of the bag are pierced to prepare for seeping water. The culture soil in the bag can be filled with a part first, and then the seed melon that promotes the sprouts, the head is up, the handle is planted down, covered with soil 4~6 cm, forming a small mound with a high center of the bag mouth, without watering, placed in the shed 15~20 degrees environment to let the seedlings emerge naturally, and when the seedlings grow about 15 cm, they can be transplanted.
Cuttings and seedlings: This method is suitable for large-scale planting, chayote melon sowing seedlings, more melons need to be planted, the cost is higher, and cuttings are used instead. The method is: use seed melons to raise seedlings in advance, so as to cultivate strong seedlings for cutting cuttings in advance. The shed can be used to raise seedlings in December, in mid-March, the seedlings are cut, and cut into sections, each section of 2~3 sections, the base of 1 section of the leaves cut off, cuttings in the seedling furrow or a plastic bag containing culture soil, heat preservation, moisturizing to promote its rooting, that is, after the insertion of water, cover the black film shade, the temperature should reach more than 15C, the relative humidity is more than 85%. After 7~8 days, remove the opaque covering during the day to make the seedlings see the light, and pay attention to continue to maintain the humidity. The seedlings to be planted have grown new leaves, indicating that they have taken root, and foliar top dressing can be carried out to promote the growth of seedlings. When the seedlings grow 3~4 leaves, they can be planted in mid to late April.
3. Fertilization and planting of land
Chayote has a long growth period and a large amount of branches and leaves, so it has special requirements for land preparation and fertilization. Generally, it is to dig a pit for fertilization, the practice is: dig a pit with a length of 100 cm, a width of 50 cm, and a depth of 40~50 cm, dig out the soil and put it on one side, and apply high-quality organic fertilizer in the pit with a depth of 30~40 cm, and each hole is mixed with half a catty of compound fertilizer, and the remaining depth is filled with the excavated soil, and the chayote seedlings are planted in the soil.
Regardless of the cultivation method, the planting density is about 20 plants per mu, and the open field cultivation is suitable for planting after the final frost in mid and late April ~ early May.
If it is planted in a shed, the planting period can be appropriately advanced due to the mulch. When planting, the depth of digging holes can be 3~5 cm deeper than the height of seedling bags (bowls), which is conducive to the formation of adventitious roots and can increase the amount of plant roots. After planting, watering and covering soil, it can be covered with plastic film to keep warm and moisturize. It is necessary to pay attention to prevent the seedlings from burning at high temperature after covering the mulch, and set up a frame after planting to prepare for climbing after throwing off the vines.
IV. Tiankan
1. Top dressing: Generally, the first top dressing can be carried out in mid-June to raise seedlings and promote plant growth. Half a catty of compound fertilizer per plant, open a ring-shaped ditch at a distance of 30 cm from the melon seedlings, watering after application, and covering the soil after water infiltration. The second topdressing in mid-July, each plant applied about 30 kg of rotting organic fertilizer, 50 cm of Zhuang plant open ring ditch application, watering after covering soil. The third top dressing was carried out in mid-August, depending on the appearance of the plant, the whole garden was fertilized, 20 kg of compound fertilizer per mu was applied on the surface, and the soil was turned into the soil by hoeing, and then watered.
2. Watering: Chayote likes moisture, in addition to topdressing combined with watering, the growth is slow before July, watering with tillage, to promote root rooting. 7, 8, 9 three months for the rapid growth stage, high temperature, large growth, transpiration is also large, to increase the number of watering and watering, but not often watering, keep the soil wet and not dry, should be rooted to where the water is. In order to reduce watering, the ground can be covered with crushed grass 5~10 cm thick to maintain soil moisture. After mid-September, when the temperature drops, it is necessary to gradually control the amount of watering, do not flood irrigation, and pay attention to drainage in rainy days.
3. Plant adjustment: 2~4 side vines germinate at the base of the plant, and when it reaches 30~50 cm, more new vines will sprout at the base of the plant, and grow quickly, which is a natural Xi, if not controlled, the new vines can reach multiple, and the base vines are dense, which will inevitably affect the results. Generally, only 2~3 main vines are kept, and the excess ones should be removed in time.
After the stems are put on the shelf, they should be manually adjusted to evenly distribute the stems and vines. Chayote stems and vines have the characteristics of upward and horizontal growth, once the stem grows beyond the trellis, it will droop, it will stop growing, female and male flowers degenerate, so it must be sorted out in time, so that it does not take off the frame, when cultivated in the courtyard, at least two plants should be planted, in order to facilitate mutual pollination during the flowering period, to ensure more melons.