Chen Bing: The Central Economic Work Conference proposed to accelerate the development of artificial intelligence, how to make efforts?

　　China-Singapore Jingwei, December 13 Question: The Central Economic Work Conference proposed to accelerate the development of artificial intelligence, how to exert force?

　　The author is Chen Bing, Director of the Competition Law Research Center and Deputy Dean of the School of Law, Nankai University

　　In recent years, artificial intelligence has shown new characteristics such as deep learning Xi, cross-border integration, human-machine collaboration, crowd intelligence openness, and autonomous control, especially the rise of general artificial intelligence technology, which has driven the vigorous development of various industries around the world, such as intelligent driving, intelligent medical care, etc., and has become an important driving force for a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. At the same time, artificial intelligence also has broad development prospects in the field of consumption, especially the further reduction of the cost of virtual reality technology and artificial intelligence-generated content (AIGC) to help create virtual shopping spaces, which will make new forms of artificial intelligence-related industries a new consumption growth point in China and inject new vitality into the high-quality development of China's economy.

　　The Central Economic Work Conference held on December 11-12 proposed to promote industrial innovation with scientific and technological innovation, especially to use disruptive technologies and cutting-edge technologies to give birth to new industries, new models, new kinetic energy, and develop new quality productive forces. It is emphasized that it is necessary to vigorously promote new industrialization, develop the digital economy, and accelerate the development of artificial intelligence. At the same time, the meeting also pointed out that attention should be paid to grasping and handling the relationship between speed and quality, macro data and micro feelings, economic development and improvement of people's livelihood, and development and security. In particular, it is pointed out that "we must adhere to the benign interaction between high-quality development and high-level security, promote high-level security with high-quality development, ensure high-quality development with high-level security, and development and security must be dynamically balanced and complement each other." "This requires China's AI not only to pay attention to the speed of development, but also to pay attention to the quality of development, and also need to correctly handle the relationship between development and people's livelihood and security. While increasing support for the development of artificial intelligence, we need to focus on ensuring the standardized and healthy development of the artificial intelligence industry, based on safety, innovation as the driving force, industry as the starting point, and the rule of law as the guarantee, so as to truly promote the high-quality development of Chinese artificial intelligence and create new advantages in international competition.

　　China has a good foundation for the development of artificial intelligence. In recent years, Chinese artificial intelligence innovation and entrepreneurship have become increasingly active, and a number of leading backbone enterprises have accelerated their growth, gaining widespread attention and recognition in the world. However, at the same time, it is also necessary to objectively and accurately recognize that there is still a gap between the overall development level of Chinese artificial intelligence and developed countries, and the gap is not only a technical gap, but also a lack of basic implementation to support the development of artificial intelligence, a high-end talent training system, and a scientific and technological innovation research and development support mechanism. At present, while artificial intelligence brings new development opportunities to China, it also poses risks to data security, intellectual property protection, ethical security, etc., or adversely affects the development of related new business formats. To this end, it is necessary to analyze the countermeasures to accelerate the high-quality development of Chinese artificial intelligence from the development and normative levels.

1. Development level: systematically increase support for the development of artificial intelligence

　　Artificial intelligence has the characteristics of a high degree of integration of multi-dimensional attributes such as technical attributes, economic attributes and social attributes. To accelerate the development of artificial intelligence, it is necessary to pay attention to the source supply of artificial intelligence technological innovation, mainly from the aspects of data infrastructure, talent training and innovation support, to provide strong support for sustainable innovation and research and development of artificial intelligence.

　　1. Establish open and shared AI data infrastructure service facilities

　　Data can be said to be the foundation of the development of artificial intelligence, which needs a large amount of data to learn Xi so as to improve the accuracy of its predictions and decision-making. The quality and quantity of data will directly affect the learning and Xi effectiveness of artificial intelligence. Therefore, the quantity and quality of data directly affect the quality of AI technology development to a certain extent. However, at present, the market-oriented allocation of data elements in China still faces obstacles, including unclear property rights, poor data transaction circulation and low quality, which may adversely affect the development of Chinese artificial intelligence.

　　To this end, it is necessary to promote the establishment of a data infrastructure for artificial intelligence-oriented integrated data sharing, data trading and exchange, data cloud services and other data services, and coordinate the use of big data infrastructure to provide massive data support for the research and development and wide application of artificial intelligence while ensuring data security and privacy protection. For example, in terms of data sharing, it is necessary to establish an AI-oriented data resource library to provide enterprises and researchers engaged in AI research and development with data resources that can be used for AI training free of charge or for a fee according to the type and value of data;

　　2. Improve the training system for high-end talents in the field of artificial intelligence

　　The key element of the development of artificial intelligence lies not only in data, but also in algorithms, and the innovative research and development of algorithms is inseparable from high-end talents, so the cultivation of high-end talents is the top priority of artificial intelligence development. At present, in terms of talent training in the field of artificial intelligence, China is still facing practical problems such as an imperfect talent training system and the loss of high-end talents abroad.

　　To this end, on the one hand, it is necessary to further improve the talent cultivation system of Chinese artificial intelligence, encourage universities, scientific research institutes and enterprises and other institutions to cooperate in the construction of artificial intelligence disciplines, and strengthen the training of professional and technical talents in basic research, applied research, operation and maintenance of artificial intelligence; on the other hand, it is necessary to increase the incentive mechanism for artificial intelligence talents, further improve the policy support for talents in the field of artificial intelligence in scientific research, and strengthen the introduction of outstanding talents in the field of artificial intelligence, especially outstanding young talents.

　　3. Complete support mechanisms for AI innovation and research and development

　　The development of artificial intelligence needs to take scientific and technological innovation as the main driving force, without innovation, the development of artificial intelligence will be "difficult to move an inch", therefore, to accelerate the development of Chinese artificial intelligence, it is inseparable from the innovative research and development support mechanism that meets the needs of artificial intelligence development.

　　First of all, it is necessary to establish a financially guided and market-led funding support mechanism for AI R&D. On the one hand, the government needs to pay attention to the financial support for the frontier field of artificial intelligence, especially for the early stage of the development of new forms of artificial intelligence, in the absence of effective funding support, it is necessary to use the existing government investment funds to support eligible artificial intelligence projects; on the other hand, it is necessary to give full play to the guiding role of the market and guide social capital to support the development of artificial intelligence through angel investment, venture capital funds and capital market financing.

　　Second, it is necessary to further improve key policies to support the development of artificial intelligence. For example, we will further refine and implement preferential fiscal and tax policies for AI SMEs and start-ups, and support the development of AI enterprises through policies such as tax incentives for high-tech enterprises and additional deductions for R&D expenses. At the same time, it is also necessary to further optimize the supervision of the development of artificial intelligence, reasonably lower the market access threshold for artificial intelligence-related fields, and create a good development environment for enterprises to develop artificial intelligence.

　　2. Normative level: Normalize the prevention of potential risks in the development of artificial intelligence

　　At the normative level, it is necessary to anticipate the challenges of artificial intelligence, coordinate industrial policies, innovation policies and social policies, realize the coordination of incentive development and reasonable regulation, and prevent risks to the greatest extent, if you blindly pursue the speed of artificial intelligence development, while ignoring the possible risks in quality, people's livelihood and safety, it may lead to the inability of Chinese artificial intelligence-related industries to truly achieve healthy and sustainable development. Therefore, it is necessary to pay close attention to the many risks that may be faced in the development of artificial intelligence.

　　1. Data security risks

　　Leading industrial transformation with scientific and technological innovation and ensuring a new development pattern with a new security pattern, we should attach great importance to the data security of artificial intelligence, and only by ensuring security can we ensure innovation. In the training process of general artificial intelligence, a large amount of data is required, when the user authorizes it to use relevant information in the process of use, artificial intelligence will crawl a large amount of its data information, which contains a large amount of sensitive information, if no data security measures are established, it is easy to cause the risk of information leakage, lead to the abuse of data, violate relevant laws and regulations and compliance requirements, and reduce people's credibility of artificial intelligence, which is not conducive to the healthy development of the industry in the future.

　　2. Intellectual Property Risks

　　Innovation is the primary driving force for development, and in the context of promoting high-quality development, the role of intellectual property as a core element of international competition in the national development strategy has become increasingly prominent. When a user uses general artificial intelligence to generate a work, it may cause a situation that closely resembles the work of others. The reason for this is that the rapid development of artificial general intelligence requires a large amount of data investment, and there will be a large amount of data protected by intellectual property rights in the source of this data. If general AI is generated based on the work of others, it will produce products that are very similar to the works of others, which leads to intellectual property risks. The protection of intellectual property rights is the protection of innovation, so it is necessary to attach great importance to the intellectual property risks of general artificial intelligence, not only to protect the innovation situation of artificial intelligence, but also to protect the works protected by intellectual property rights from the legal level.

　　3. Divide risks with rights and responsibilities

　　With the development and application of technology, there have been many infringement incidents. At present, it is difficult for artificial intelligence itself to become a new subject of tort liability. When it comes to the specific behavior of artificial intelligence, the responsibility of the control procedure becomes blurred, the decision-making process of general artificial intelligence lacks transparency, and people cannot fully control the decision-making process of general artificial intelligence.

　　4. Socio-ethical risks

　　Artificial general intelligence is a double-edged sword, which can promote the progress of the digital economy, but also bring ethical risks to technology. Data, algorithms and computing power are the troika driving the development of artificial intelligence, the rapid development of general artificial intelligence lies in the supply and analysis of a large amount of data, when the data access channels are limited or the data source is not comprehensive, general artificial intelligence may contain bias and discriminatory content due to data reasons, which will affect its fairness and objectivity, and cause social ethical controversy. The reason for this kind of risk is also that the decision-making process of general artificial intelligence lacks transparency, which makes it difficult for people to understand the decision-making mode and process of the model, and the problem of algorithm black box appears, which leads to the perception that general artificial intelligence is unfair and uncontrollable, resulting in a crisis of trust. This crisis of confidence can also greatly affect the development of the field of artificial intelligence.

　　In the face of the new situation and new needs in the era of artificial intelligence, China needs to firmly grasp the major historical opportunity of artificial intelligence development, lead the new trend of artificial intelligence development in the world, serve economic and social development and support national security, and drive the overall leap and leapfrog development of national competitiveness. Therefore, it is of great significance to adhere to both development and standardization, accelerate the high-quality development of Chinese artificial intelligence, we should ensure the new development pattern with a new security pattern, lead industrial transformation through scientific and technological innovation, take general artificial intelligence as the base point, transform scientific and technological achievements into various industries, seize the major strategic opportunities for the development of artificial intelligence, build the first-mover advantage of Chinese artificial intelligence development, and accelerate the construction of an innovative country and a world scientific and technological power. (Sino-Singapore Jingwei APP)

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Editor in charge: Sun Qingyang