Pu Songling (1640-1715), the character Liu Xian, a character sword minister, nicknamed Liuquan Jushi, was known as Mr. Liaozhai . The Mongols of Zichuan (present-day Zibo City), Shandong. According to the genealogical order of the Pu clan, the epitaph of Zhi Pu Qing Kasa in Zichuan County says that the Zichuan Pu clan is from the Yuan Dynasty Banyang Road governor Pu Luhun and Pu Juren. Puluhun is a Mongolian cross-translation of Borohuan's Mongolian name. Bo Luohuan is rumored in the "History of the Yuan", which is the Mongolian Busy Wu Ti clan, the meritorious family, and the food is in Tai'an, Shandong. The Busy Wu Ti clan is a close family of Genghis Khan, derived from the BoRichar clan, that is, the Bo'er Only Jin clan. According to legend, when the Yuan Dynasty collapsed, only one orphan was left behind, and the surname was changed and raised by the Yang family. To Ming Hongwu began to restore the surname Pu. There is the tomb of Pu Zhang, in the southwest half of Pu Songling's former residence, and there is a stone side in front of its tombstone, according to Pu's legend, this stone is in the shape of a drum to commemorate its distant ancestors as Mongols. The founder of PuXue, Mr. Lu Dahuang, has studied in many ways, compiled historical materials, and visited pu's descendants.
Born into a fully Sinicized family of declining Mongol landlords, Pu Songling started his family in the middle of his grandfather's day, and his father had to drop out of school to pursue business in his twenties. By his generation, life was even poorer. However, due to the influence of the social atmosphere and family at that time, Pu Songling was keen on the name of the subject from an early age, and at the age of 19, he was the first in the three counties, the prefecture and the province, and his fame was very popular. But since then, it has been tried and failed. At the age of 31, forced to make a living, he was hired by Sun Hui of ZhiXian County, Baoxing County, Jiangnan Province, to become a staff member, and because he dealt with social texts all day, he resigned and went home the following year.
After that, he set up an account to teach and take the exam at the same time, and did not come to the aid of the tribute until the age of 71, and died five years later. Pu Songling has lived a poor life in the countryside for a long time, which gives him more opportunities to contact poor peasants and experience their sufferings. We have a personal experience of the oppression of corrupt officials, the oppression of local tycoons and inferior gentry, and the intrusion of flood and drought disasters. Therefore, he wrote many articles on the people's lives, such as: "Book with Han Thorn Shi Shu", "Shangbu Zhengsi Rescue Strategy", "Ji Disaster Pre-Compilation, Post-Compilation" and so on. In addition, as a rural literati, he also wrote many popular reading materials that were very practical for the people, such as "Daily Customary Characters" and "Minsang Jing". This has played a positive role in the universal education of the local people.
There has been controversy about Pu Songling's ethnic attributes, and its author is a descendant of Pu Songling, and it is Lü Dahuang's article that has caused debate in the academic community for half a century. In 1957, Mr. Lu published an article entitled "Pu Songling" at the outpost, which clearly pointed out: "I have visited many people with the surname Of Pu, and it is said that they are Mongolian. Since then, many theories have been deduced, such as the Hui theory, the Jurchen theory, and so on.
Because Pu Songling himself suffered hardships in his life, he was aware of the political shortcomings and the imperial examination system at that time. He said in the "Book of Shi Yi and Han Thorn": "The career path is dark, and justice is not manifested", and the non-sleeved gold loss wall cannot reach the saint Ming. It was really indignant to fill the chest, and the desire to cry and go to the South Mountain! Pu Songling was a versatile writer who created a wealth of ideas throughout his life. In addition to "Liaozhai Zhiyi", there are still more than 400 texts, more than 900 poems, more than 100 words, several miscellaneous works, 3 plays, and more than 10 kinds of popular slang songs. "Liaozhai Zhiyi" is a collection of literary short stories and is Pu Songling's representative work. He was basically completed around the age of 40, and has been adding and modifying since then. Most of its materials are derived from oral legends circulating among working people and lower-class intellectuals, and some stories are the author's personal observations and experiences, and some are derived from old stories. The main extant editions of the Liaozhai Zhiyi: only the first half of the manuscript remains, the Qianlong Sixteenth Year (1752) Cast Xuezhai Manuscript; the Qianlong Thirty-first Year (1766) Qing Ke Ting Engraving, that is, the base of the general popular version. In 1962, the Zhonghua Book Company published the most complete commentary on the annotations of the huixuehui, with a total of 491 works. In 1963, the Zhonghua Book Company published the "Pu Songling Collection" compiled by Lu Dahuang, which basically collected Pu Songling's poems, words, fu, prose, slang, and essays, as well as non-literary miscellaneous works compiled by himself, except for "Liaozhai Zhiyi".
"Liaozhai Zhiyi" mostly describes the strange and strange stories of the demon fox ghost god, but unlike any previous Zhiwei book, the author uses the ghost god world to allude to human life and social reality. For example, the author said in "Liaozhai Zizhi": "Collecting armpits into Qiu, vainly continuing the record of 'netherworld'; floating white carrying pen, only into a book of 'lonely anger'." It is also sad to pin such a hope. "His works are full of a strong spirit of realism, and many of them are exposing the darkness of the feudal system and the suffering life of the vast number of working people. There is also the content of exposing the shortcomings of the imperial examination system in feudal society and the pursuit of love.