In the pre-Qin Guanzhong, the situation was strict ————
The main courtyard is the pre-Qin Guanzhong and the East Gate Hangu Pass; the front courtyard is the Luoyang Basin, which is also a Daodao pass.
East of the eastern capital Luoyang, there are four lines of defense-
The county seat of Gong County, with Luoshui in front of it;
Chenggao Pass, also known as Tiger Prison Pass, is preceded by water;
Guangwu City, formerly Known as Guangwu Stream;
Xingyang, in front of xingze.
This series of checkpoints not only forms a powerful combination of the city and the natural moat lake, but also has the Yellow River in the north and the Song Mountains in the south, and the terrain is very dangerous.
Liu Bang relied on these four lines of defense, tenacious defense, completed the earth-shattering reversal, changed from weak to strong, and finally defeated Xiang Yu.
To the east of Xingyang Xingze, all are great plains; behind Xingyang Xingze, that is, to the west, are all mountainous.
Xingyang Xingze is the first line of defense
Moreover, in 206 BC, the Kwantung Alliance destroyed Qin, and Xiang Yu divided the princes of various roads and declared himself the king of Western Chu, commanding the eighteen princes.
After that, Xiang Yu returned to Pengcheng, the capital of the Western Chu Kingdom.
The original homeland of the Qin Kingdom was divided into four, of which the Han Kingdom was sealed with Liu Bang, including Hanzhong County and Shu County.
In 205 BC, the Qi general Tian Rong was dissatisfied and rebelled, Xiang Yu immediately went to suppress it, Liu Bang took the opportunity to raise an army, killed Guanzhong, and then gathered various princes, a total of 560,000 people, marched eastward, taking advantage of the emptiness behind Xiang Yu, and captured the Chu capital Pengcheng in one fell swoop.
Xiang Yu led 30,000 elite cavalry back to kill, the great destruction of the alliance of the princes, Liu Bang and more than a dozen other people fled in panic, and his father and wife were captured by Xiang Yu.
The Chu army took advantage of the victory to pursue, Liu Bang and others fled all the way west, fled to Xingyang, had to stay behind in the Han army to rescue, relying on the dangerous terrain of Xingyang Xingze, to resist, this is June.
Liu Bang's subordinate Xiao He recruited a large number of soldiers to supplement the front line in Guanzhong, and Han Xin also led his troops to meet Liu Bang. After the Han army was rested and replenished, its power was revived.
Note that from then on, the main force of the Han army led by Liu Bang was actually the Qin army.
Why did the Qin people fight hard for Liu Bang? Without it, Xiang Yu broke guanzhong, and Liu Bang was about three chapters of the law, so Liu Bang won the hearts of the people in Guanzhong.
Han Xin led his army to defeat the Chu army in Suo County, Jing County, south of Xingyang, allowing Liu Bang to gain a foothold in the Xingyang area, and thus began a long-term tug-of-war.
East of Luoyang, four lines of defense
Liu Bang sent Han Xin through the area around present-day Shanxi and Hebei, and he led the main force to defend Xingyang, take the food of Ao Cang, and confront Xiang Yu, and the two sides entered a state of stalemate. Xiang Yu launched an all-out offensive, repeatedly cutting off the Yongdao from Ao Cang to Xingyang, leaving the Han army hungry. Liu Bang listened to Li Zhiqi's words and wanted to send the descendants of the nobles of the Six Kingdoms to disperse the chu army, but zhang Liang stopped him.
In the winter of 205 BC, the Chu army besieged Liu Bang at Xingyang. At a critical moment, Liu Bang carried out a plan to delay the army, dispatched envoys to seek peace, and was willing to cut off Xingyang east of Chu; then adopted Chen Ping's plan and carried out a counter-plot, causing Xiang Yu to be jealous of the main strategist Fan Zeng, causing Fan Zeng to resign in anger.
The Chu army once again exerted its strength and attacked Xingyang.
Liu Bang, under the cover of Ji Xin, escaped from Xingyang and returned to Guanzhong, where he obtained a large number of Qin people recruited by Xiao He, and then organized an army to go south out of Wuguan and garrison Wancheng in an attempt to attract Xiang Yu to the south and relieve the pressure on Xingyang.
At this time, Peng Yue was in rebellion in the rear of the Chu state and attacked Xia Pi, Xiang Yu had to lead his troops back to the rescue, and Liu Bang took the opportunity to go north and garrison Chenggao.
Xiang Yu drove away Peng Yue, led the army again, and in July 204 BC, successively conquered Xingyang and Chenggao.
Liu Bang escaped from Chenggao Pass, crossed the Yellow River, attacked Han Xin's camp at night, seized his army, and sent Han Xin to recruit a new army to attack the State of Qi.
At this time, the Han army, composed of Qin people, desperately blocked the front line of Gong County, blocking the fierce offensive of the Chu army, which was very critical.
At the same time, Liu Bang led an army and garrisoned north of the Yellow River, waiting for the opportunity.
Xiang Yu garrisoned Chenggao and confronted Liu Bang on the north bank of the Yellow River.
In October, Peng Yue was in the rear of the Chu State, capturing seventeen cities in a row, and Xiang Yu was forced to lead an army to return to the rescue, and before leaving, he instructed Sima Cao to blame and be sure to defend Chenggao.
In November, Liu Bang took the opportunity to lead his army to cross the Yellow River in the south and attack Chenggao, the Han army scolded the battle, Cao Gui could not resist the battle, crossed the water and fought a decisive battle with the Han army, the Han army took advantage of its half crossing and attacked, the Chu army was defeated, Cao Gui, Dong Feng, Sima Xin, no face xiang Yu, all committed suicide.
The Han army recaptured Chenggao.
The Han army advanced to Guangwu again, took food from AoCang, and then besieged Xingyang, which was guarded by Zhong Liming.
Xiang Yu hurriedly returned to his division, repelled the Han army, relieved the siege of Xingyang, and then marched west, the Han army retreated to Guangwu, and the two armies held each other across the Guangwu Stream, and this phase of stalemate lasted for a period of time.
The reason why the Chu army finally failed - the Chu army was able to fight, only Xiang Yu was alone, and the Han army, the generals who stood alone on one side, Han Xin, Yingbu, and Peng Yue were all generals of the front army. Xiang Yu was exhausted, and eventually the advantage was dragged down.
Why this situation is related to the personalities of the two people - Xiang Yu is proud and cannot use talents, han xin Chen Ping, they have run away; and Liu Bang has a good mentality and is good at using people.
The Chu and Han sides scolded each other, and Liu Bang played a rogue and let Xiang Yu cook his father, and the two ate together. Xiang Yu was furious and shot Liu Bang, who was afraid of shaking the hearts of the army and pretended to shoot only his toes.
Liu Bang was seriously injured and bedridden, and Zhang Liang asked Liu Bang to reluctantly get up and patrol the soldiers to calm the hearts of the army and prevent the Chu army from taking the opportunity to win over Han. Liu Bang came out to inspect the army, and his wounds worsened, so he drove into Chenggao Guancheng to recuperate.
After Liu Bang recovered from his wounds, he retreated west to Hangu Pass and came to the capital city of Liyang (present-day Yanliang), where he comforted his father and elders, set up a wine reception, and gathered a large number of Qin people to form an army and return to Guangwu. The Han army on the front line has been facing off between Guangwu and the Chu army in a deep stream, and reinforcements have arrived, and the Han army has greatly increased its strength.
At this time, Han Xin had destroyed the State of Qi, sent troops south, and copied the back road of the State of Chu, Xiang Yu was afraid, so he agreed with Liu Bang to divide the world equally, with the gap as the boundary, Liu Bang ruled the Western Kingdom, and Xiang Yu ruled the Eastern Kingdom.
Xiang Yu returned Liu Bang's father and wife.
About Cheng, Xiang Yu led the army back to the east, which was October 203 BC.
Liu Bang has not been able to defeat Xiang Yu, at this time finally relieved, is planning to return to Guanzhong, live a comfortable life, and it is the cultured rogue Zhang Liang Chen Ping who has a bad idea, instigating Liu Bang to break the contract, chasing after Xiang Yu, who has already retired, and finally, Liu Bang destroyed Chu and established the Han Empire.
Although it is said that Liu Bang knows people well and treats people with great enthusiasm, Zhang Liang Chen Ping did this, at that time, it was reasonable, but from the perspective of What Liu Bang did as empress, and from a longer-term historical point of view, the absolute monarch was not worthy of allegiance, Zhang Liang Chen Ping helped Liu Bang win the world, in fact, only achieved one point, that is, realized the Liu family's family world, to the world, heavy shackles, and so on.
And then there's the terrain —.
In the pre-Qin and Chu Han periods, fortresses and river trenches could form a strong defensive line, and even if Xiang Yu could fight, he could not even break through the Luoyang Basin, the front yard of Guanzhong, and he was unable to penetrate, and the four lines of defense east of Luoyang were never able to fully break through, since they could not break through, and Liu Bang's rear Guanzhong continued to provide troops and grain for the Han front, so Xiang Yu's final defeat , and that's inevitable. In fact, east of Luoyang, the mountains are heavy, the rivers are deep, and since Xiang Yu was unable to break through the Luoshui defense line in Gong County, the Chu army had lost, and the things behind it were just procedures.
During the Warring States period, the Qin state of Guanzhong, with Hangu Pass as the eastern gate, vigorously refused to allow the princes to enter the guanwai, and the princes could not enter it no matter what; and Liu Bang's Han state, in fact, was an enlarged version of the Qin state, including not only the Guanzhong Basin, but also the Luoyang Basin, the front yard of Guanzhong, and the four lines of defense east of Luoyang effectively blocked Xiang Yu.