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preface
Du Fu, Zimei and Shaoling Yelao, was a great poet of the Tang Dynasty, and was revered as a "poetic saint" by later generations. His life has experienced ups and downs, from the spirited Du Fu in his youth, to the continuous failure of the middle-aged Du Fu Shitu, to the tragic life of a homeless man in his later years. Although his later life was quite bleak, Du Fu's great spirit of worrying about the country and the people and his profound insight into life enabled him to create masterpieces that have been passed down through the ages, leaving infinite enlightenment for future generations. Generations.
First, young Du Fu has lofty ideals
Young Du Fu was born during the High Tang Dynasty. He came from a family of officials and eunuchs, and his family was wealthy. He showed extraordinary literary talent at a young age. According to the etiquette system, he could have entered the army smoothly, but 19-year-old Du Fu made an unexpected choice - to leave his hometown and start a life of wandering.
When asked about the reasons for Du Fu's decision, one is that he has an independent personality and does not want to limit himself to the stereotypes of imperial examinations and career paths; Secondly, he yearns for a free life, hopes to free his heart and experience the beauty of the world. Whenever he walks in the beautiful landscape, Du Fu can't help but feel proud and full of infinite hope and expectation for the future. He dreams of becoming a successful person in the future and showing his ambitions.
During this period, Du Fu wrote many works that embody the mentality of meritorious work, such as the sentence "How to kill birds and spill blood and grass" in the long poem "Painting Eagles", which reveals Du Fu's hatred and desire for evil in his youth, showing his ambition. The phrase "climb high and look far away, see the mountains and small mountains" in the poem "Wangshan" also shows Du Fu's ambition to look up at the mountains. These works depict an image of Du Fu, who is full of spirit and ideals.
In Du Fu's heart, he was not satisfied with being a petty official and living an ordinary life in the future. What he aspires to is to achieve great success in his career and even change the people of the world. This lofty idealistic ideology shaped the restless and ambitious character of young Du Fu.
2. Du Fu experienced the failure of the career and understood the dangers of officialdom
At the age of 33, Du Fu met Li Bai in Luoyang. Both love scenery and have unrestrained personalities. They fell in love at first sight and formed a lifelong friendship. Du Fu wrote "Drinking Song Empty Day", describing his drinking and singing and debauchery life with Li Bai. Du Fu prides himself on being "spirited and domineering", which shows that he was still a spirited and unruly young man at that time.
Compared with Li Bai, Du Fu is still more pragmatic. He understood that he could not drink and sing forever and had to plan for the future. At the age of 35, Du Fu came to Chang'an again to take the imperial examination, hoping to realize his dream of rising to the top. But the cruel reality is that Du Fu was frustrated again in the examination room and got the result of "middle two".
One of the reasons was that the then Prime Minister Li Linfu pursued a policy of "nothing in the wild" and deliberately made it difficult for talents. Du Fu was one of the victims. This failure hit Du Fu's self-confidence and made him realize that it was very difficult for a scholar to become an official, and officialdom was full of danger.
An old friend advised him to give up his career, but Du Fu said, "The world rises or falls, and it is the responsibility of the husband." This shows Du Fu's concern for the future of the country. He still cherishes the ideal of serving the world and is unwilling to give up easily.
However, in the following ten years, Du Fu was trapped in Chang'an, but his official search repeatedly ran into obstacles. He felt that his talent was not being used and recognized. Du Fu once saw Tang Xuanzong outside the palace and asked him to give him a chance. Although Emperor Xuanzong appreciated Du Fu's talents, he was unable to give him a heavy post due to Du Fu's origins.
This decade was a transitional period for Du Fu from a spirited youth to a middle-aged man with a complex heart and a clear view of reality. He came to realize that career depends not only on talent and knowledge, but also on many external factors. It was from this time that Du Fu's view of life became deeper and more restrained.
3. Du Fu witnessed the demise of the country and the destruction of his family, and although he was grief-stricken, he still cared about the people's livelihood.
At the age of 44, Du Fu returned to Luoyang to visit his mother, but learned that his youngest son had starved to death due to the family's poverty. Du Fu was overwhelmed with grief. At this moment, he seemed to see the impermanence and indifference of the world. A year later, the Anshi Rebellion broke out. Du Fu witnessed the fall of Chang'an, the spread of war, the displacement of people, and he himself became a refugee, drifting into the wilderness.
At this time, Du Fu was no longer the spirited young man he was at the beginning. He became introverted and deep, with a clear vision of the world, but he still had ambitions to benefit the people of his country. Du Fu witnessed the tragic situation of the country's destruction and family death, and created works such as "Three Divisions" and "Three Officials" that reflected the current ills, writing a true historical footnote for this war. Then.
Du Fu's characters are displaced by the war, losing their homes and relatives, and suffering the ravages and injuries of the war. More than 100 refugees were driven to Nanyang. Women cried, children cried, and there were cries of grief outside Guo. Du Fu expressed sympathy and sympathy for the suffering of the common people, hoping to attract the attention of the elite.
In Du Fu's work, readers can truly feel the pain and anxiety in his heart. He has witnessed mothers crying while holding starving children, and he has witnessed the helpless cries of old people and children in times of war. Du Fu regarded the suffering of the people as his own, and hoped to call on the rulers to pay attention to the people's livelihood through poetry.
4. Du Fu lived in seclusion in the mountains and wrote a masterpiece of the ages
At the age of forty-seven, Du Fu left Chang'an for Shudi and lived in seclusion in the mountains. Here he can temporarily distance himself from the chaotic political struggles and write quietly. Du Fu came to the Wuhou Temple of the State of Shu, recalled Zhuge Liang's life, and wrote the famous work "Prime Minister of the State of Shu" that has been passed down through the ages.
"He died before he was discharged from the army, which brought tears to the hero's eyes." These two sentences describe Zhuge Liang's death and express Du Fu's own feelings about his life. Like Du Fu, Zhuge Liang died before realizing his ideals, and his talent died young, leaving endless mourning for future generations.
Du Fu also wrote in "The State of Shu": "The Lord of Shu has left Shu undoubtedly, and the official wandering soul is under the rain curse." This shows that the Shu lord Liu Chan is incompetent, and the Shu Han mountains and rivers are undoubtedly ownerless; And Zhuge Liang's soul is still wandering in Shudi. Hearing the rain, I felt sad for the ignorance of Lord Shu.
Through his description of historical figures, Du Fu expressed his disappointment with the current government and his concern for the country and the people. Life in the mountains made Du Fu's mood calmer, but deep down he was still the poet who cherished ideals and served the country and the people.
5. Du Fu's desolation in his later years and the world's nostalgia for the spirit of the poet
Du Fu lived a homeless life in his later years. Some villagers recalled that Du Fu was in rags at that time. Despite his suffering from disease and poverty, his eyes showed determination, as if he was looking for something. To escape the war, Du Fu and his family left Chengdu by boat.
Just as Du Fu was wandering on the river, he suddenly fell seriously ill and vomited blood. The family docked the boat and looked for a doctor for him. But Du Fu knew his time was running out, so he let the ship sail and eventually died of fatigue, hunger and cold at the age of 62.
After the news of Du Fu's death spread, many people came to mourn the poet, and they were filled with grief. Du Fu often prayed for the people during his lifetime, and after his death, the people thanked him for his kindness. Although Du Fu had a rough life, ordinary people only remember his naked heart of serving the country and the people.
conclusion
Du Fu used his life to cry out to future generations: In the face of the uncertainty of fate, we must maintain a naked heart; In the face of darkness, we must stand up like poets. He left to posterity not only great poetry, but also a righteous spirit of worrying about the country and the people. This spirit is worth remembering and passing on forever.
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