In the history of the five dynasties of the late Tang Dynasty, did Li Ke really have the "Thirteen Taibao"?
Text/Lao Zhang is on the road
One
People who know a little about the history of the five dynasties of the late Tang Dynasty know that in the era of great chaos in the late Tang Dynasty, there was such a group of people as the "Thirteen Taibao", who were the thirteen sons (a biological son and twelve righteous sons) of Li Keyong, the king of Tang and Jin and the envoy of Hedong Jiedushi, and these thirteen sons followed Li Keyong to fight the world, fight for the Beidou in the south, and break out of the east and west, performing a live drama in the history of the five dynasties of the late Tang Dynasty.
In real history, the five dynasties of the late Tang Dynasty did not have the title of "Thirteen Taibao", and the reason why the "Thirteenth Taibao" was so popular in history that many character combinations and groups in the later period of Chinese history also used the name of "Thirteen Taibao".
In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Yang Lin, the patron king, has the "Thirteen Taibao": The Great Taibao Fang, the Second Taibao Xue Liang, the Third Taibao Li Wan, the Fourth Taibao Li Xiang, the Fifth Taibao Gao Ming, the Sixth Taibao Gao Liang, the Seventh Taibao Su Cheng, the Eighth Taibao Su Feng, the Ninth Taibao Huang Kun, the Tenth Taibao Cao Lin, the Eleventh Taibao Ding Liang, the Twelfth Taibao Ma Zhan, and the Thirteenth Taibao Qin Qiong.
Chiang Kai-shek established a secret service organization, the "Chinese National Rejuvenation Society" (Blue Jacket Society), with 13 officers approved by Chiang Kai-shek as the backbone of the organization, known as the "Thirteenth Taibao". The personnel are: Liu Jianqun, He Zhihan, Deng Wenyi, Kang Ze, Gui Yongqing, Feng Ti, Zheng Jiemin, Zeng Guoqing, Liang Ganqiao, Xiao Zanyu, Teng Jie, Dai Jia, Hu Zongnan.
During the Republic of China period, Feng Yuxiang of the Northwest Army also had a "Thirteen Taibao": Han Fuyu, Shi Yousan, Sun Lianzhong, Sun Liangcheng, Liu Ruming, Zhang Weixi, Tong Linge, Guo Zhigang, Ge Jinzhang, Wen Chenglie, Cheng Xixian, Han Duofeng, and Han Zhanyuan.
These so-called "Thirteen Taibao" and titles are, in the final analysis, due to the influence of a popular novel entitled "The History of the Five Dynasties of the Tang Dynasty".
"The History of the Five Dynasties of the Tang Dynasty" (also known as "The Five Dynasties of the Residual Tang" and "The History of the Five Dynasties of the Residual Tang"), passed down as a long historical novel edited by Luo Guanzhong in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties. Based on historical legends, the novel is fictional and in the form of chronicles, mainly describing the rise and fall of the turbulent period from the Huangchao Uprising at the end of the Tang Dynasty to the Rebellion of Zhao Kuangyin, the grandfather of the Song Dynasty, who launched the Chen Qiao Mutiny.
The "History of the Five Dynasties of the Tang Dynasty" is based on the main history and folklore, lacks artistic processing, and mostly directly adopts Chen Yan. Character avatars and character labels. For example, the description of the strange appearance of the second Yellow Nest, "one eyebrow horizontal word, two teeth in the tooth row, three tricks in the nose, one raw meat teng snake on the left arm, one raw meat Sui ball in the right arm, with gossip on the back and seven stars on the chest." The fourth description of Zhu Wen's appearance is "face like blood blue, teeth like wolf teeth, ears and wings, blue hair and red whiskers", this kind of intense color, exaggerated description, is the characteristic of the face depiction in the drama scene, using the face shape to define loyalty and adultery. The exaggeration of narrative contradictions and deliberate gags, the abruptness and accidentalization of plot twists, and the exaggerated language and emotions of the characters. This is also a common feature of traditional Chinese popular literature.
Although the literary value of the "History of the Five Dynasties of the Cruel Tang Dynasty" is not high, it is widely circulated in the folk and has had a great influence on the creation of novels and dramas in later generations. On the modern opera stage, the artistic images of the tiger general Li Cunxiao and the iron gun Wang Yanzhang are still active today.
And Li Ke's interpretation and description of the "Thirteenth Taibao" occupies a large part of the "History of the Five Dynasties of the Cruel Tang Dynasty". In the sixty times of the passage, the succession of dynasties after Zhu Wen has been taken in a cursory manner, and it has only been used ten times from the establishment of the Later Jin Dynasty to the Later Zhou Zen throne. In the previous forty times, the most inked is not the historical event of the fall of the Tang Dynasty, but the many battlefront depictions of the "Three Third Taibao" centered on Li Cunxiao.
In the fourteenth "Crow House Zhu Wen Gambling Belt":
"Ignoring huang chao's driving down the front to lead Meng Zhihai's troops." When the princes heard this, they were all suspicious. Zhu Wen hurriedly came downstairs to look at the five hundred generals, as if the Western Heavens would go down to the black killing god, and the upper reaches of the Lingxiao Hall were Yi Shi; looking at the thirteen Taibao, they were all going up the mountain to fight tigers and knock their teeth, and entering the sea to capture the dragon and pull the horns. Li Siyuan, Li Sizhao, Li Cunxun, Li Cunjin, Li Cunzhi, Li Cunjiang, Li Cunlong, Li Cunhu, Li Cunbao, Li Cunshou, Kang Junli, and Li Cunxin, there were only twelve Taibao. Zhu Wen asked Si Yuan, "Your father said that there were thirteen Taibao, so why are there only twelve now?" Li Siyuan said: "The one who snoozed under the city wall was the thirteenth Taibao, the Flying Tiger General Li Cunxiao." Zhu Wen looked forward and laughed: "Cun Xiao is less than seven feet tall, and his bones are as thin as wood, he is also a Taibao?" Just pick him out!" Then he shook Cun Xiao's head and shouted, "Hu Yu! Your Father has decrees. When Cun Xiao heard this, he was furious in his heart, grabbed it with one hand, lifted it up, and fell, and Zhu Wen's nose and mouth were bleeding, and he shouted: 'Tai Bao spare his life!' The King of Jin saw it upstairs and cried, 'No! Cun Xiao heard the call of the King of Jin, that is, stopped: "If you have been created, if it is not the father and king who call you to stop, he will twist you into a meat paste!" So he put down Zhu Wen and went upstairs with him. ”
In the "Thirteen Taibao" listed in the "History of the Five Dynasties of the Tang Dynasty", Li Siyuan, Li Sizhao, Li Cunxun, Li Cunjin, Kang Junli (Li), Li Cunxin, Li Cunxiao is a real historical figure, Li Cunzhi, Li Cunjiang, Li Cunlong, Li Cunhu, Li Cunbao, Li Cunshou, there is no record in history, especially the names of Dragon Tiger Leopard, which are characters in folklore at first glance.
In another folk version in addition to the "History of the Five Dynasties of the Tang Dynasty", the "Thirteen taibao" is the grand taibao Li Siyuan, the second taibao Li Sizhao, the third taibao Li Cunxun, the fourth taibao Li Cunxin, the fifth taibao Li Cunjin, the sixth taibao Li Siben, the seventh taibao Li Sien, the eighth taibao Li Cunzhang, the ninth taibao Li Cunxian, the eleventh taibao Shi Jingsi, the twelfth taibao Kang Junli, and the thirteenth taibao Li Cunxiao, all of which were named as taibao.
In folk interpretations and legends, the "Thirteenth Taibao" sometimes refers to a person, who is the thirteenth Taibao Li Cunxiao.
Li Cunxiao was incomparably powerful, brave and good at war, invincible in the world, and was on a par with Xiang Yu, the king of Western Chu, and was known as "li but not li and wang but not xiang", and in the comments of later generations, there was "there was a Li Yuanba in the early Tang Dynasty, and there was a Li Cunxiao in the late Tang Dynasty, all of whom hated the sky and hated the land without rings." This means that if the heavens have a handle, they can pull the heavens down, and if the earth has a ring, they can lift the earth up. Later, due to being separated by people, he finally ended up with a sad end of five horses and corpses.
Two
Taibao (太保) was originally an ancient Chinese official name. When the Western Zhou Dynasty became king, king Cheng was young, assisted by the Duke of Zhou and the Duke of Zhao, and served as the Taibao with the title of Taibao, which was the official position of guardian and auxiliary monarch. The Zhou Li records: "Li Taishi, Taifu, Taibao." Zi Wei Sangong, on the Tao Jing Bang, Xie Li Yin and Yang. ”
The Western Han Dynasty also placed Taibao at the time, under Taifu and Taishi, and the same three dukes, above Situ, Grand Sima ( 司馬 ), Sikong , and Yushi Dafu ( 御史大夫 ) , and did not hold office. The Eastern Han Dynasty only placed Taifu, not Taishi and Taibao. At the end of the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Wei restored Taibao, and the Western Jin Dynasty extended to the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The Western Jin Dynasty also placed the post of Prince Taibao and assisted the Crown Prince.
During the Sui and Tang dynasties, it was mostly used as a gift official. Yuan, Ming, and Qing Yanzhi, together with Taishi and Taifu, were also high-ranking officials, and Zheng Yipin, and there were few living people.
It can be seen from here that the three dukes, including the Taibao, became more and more of an honorary official position in the late dynasty, and in addition to the body of the nobleman, there was actually no specific duty except for the prince Taibao assisting the prince.
After the Song Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty, with the rise of popular literature such as script novels and operas, Taibao had the following figurative meanings.
The "Glossary of Novel Words" by the close friend Lu Zhan'an has an explanation for this: First, it is the title of temple blessing and shaman. The Song dynasty Yu Yan quoted Song Zhu Xiyun in the first volume of the Shuzhai Night Talk: "The witch of today is attached to the body of the gods, and the corpse of the ancients is covered, so the southern slang is commonly known as the witch as taibao, and also called the master." "The Biography of Sun Zi Xiu of Song Shi": "There are demons called 'Narcissus Taibao', and the king of the county will make him rule, and he will not dare to do it, and Zi Xiu will go to him, burn his lu, crush his statue, and sink his people in Taihu Lake." The third and ninth time in "Water Margin": "The next day at breakfast, I asked Dean Dai to dress up as a Taibao, put one or two hundred taels of silver, tied up a horse, and went down the mountain." ”
The second is the honorific title of a good man in the green forest. In the miscellaneous drama "Lu Zhi Shen Loves Huang Huayu" made by the Anonymous Clan of the Yuan Dynasty, Liu Qingfu, the talent of Jeju Xiucai, and his wife Li Younu were snatched away by the evil young Cai Yanei, and Liu Qingfu had to turn to Liangshan for help, at that time, Liu Qingfu honored Song Jiang as "Taibao": "Cai Yanei took my Hun family away, and went to Liangshan to sue Song Jiang Taibao to go." "In the miscellaneous drama "DukongMu Wind and Rain Is Still in Prison", Li Kuilu saw that he was uneven and accidentally killed people, and Kongmu Li Rongzu saw his loyalty and courage, and had the heart to fall from light hair. At that time, Li Rongzu also honored Li Kui as "Taibao". "The Surprise of the First Shooting" Volume IV: "All the belongings, but with the Taibao to take." Just kurama clothing, must be left to do the return disk fee. ”
The third is the honorific title for servants. "Ancient and Modern Novels: Han Wu selling spring love in Xinqiao City": "Jin Nu saw Wu Shan asleep, walked downstairs to the outside, and said to the palanquin: 'The officials have eaten a few cups of wine and slept upstairs. The two Taibao sat and waited, don't rush. ’”
Fourth, in modern times, the little hooligans of bad teenagers are also called little Taibao.
As for the popular novel opera and the legendary Li Ke using thirteen sons as Taibao, it is purely a matter of gu delusion. In real history, there is no such thing as Li Ke's use of the "Thirteenth Taibao". However, Li Ke's "Righteous Army" ran rampant in the late Tang Dynasty and became a popular figure in history.
Three
In real history, Li Keyong did not seal the "Thirteenth Taibao", but Li Keyong had many "righteous children" and established the "Righteous Children's Army" for this purpose.
Righteous children, that is, adopted sons, are also called false sons, dry children, righteous sons, righteous men, etc. During the five dynasties of the late Tang Dynasty, warlords of all sizes who divided various places adopted a large number of righteous children for political and military purposes, from the so-called emperors and lords of the country to the general ministers, all of which formed a common atmosphere in the upper echelons of society. Ouyang Xiu's "History of the New Five Dynasties" specifically wrote the "Biography of Yi'er" for such people.
At the beginning of the "Biography of Yi'er", Ouyang Xiu opened the sect and said, "Woohoo! The world is decaying, people are morally bad, and the principle of intimacy is abnormal, and the dryness starts from flesh and bones, and the heterogeneous merge into father and son. In the fifty years of Kaiping and Xiande, there were five generations of the world and eight surnames, and the third of them was raised. Those who cover it take the world, and secondly, they make meritorious names and positions, and they are not evil because of the gap of time, so as to benefit and unite! Tang Called himself Shatuo, from the north of the dynasty, all of which were once heroic and martial warriors, often raised as children, called "righteous army", to the point that they had the world, mostly used for success, and their demise was also from the beginning. Taizu's adopted sons are many, and there are nine of them, one of whom is Emperor Mingzong, followed by Si Zhao, Si Ben, Si En, Cun Xin, Cun Xiao, Cun Jin, Cun Zhang, and Cun Xian. Wrote "The Biography of Yi'er". ”
In addition to Li Siyuan of the Later Tang Dynasty, li Siyuan, in order: Li Sizhao, Li Siben, Li Si'en, Li Cunxin, Li Cunxiao, Li Cunjin, Li Cunzhang, and Li Cunxian. In addition to these 9 people, Li Keyong also has a Yi'er Fu Cun trial, Ouyang Xiu did not include the "Yi'er Biography" when he wrote the "New Five Dynasties History", but separately included in other character biographies, in fact, Fu Cun Trial was also Li Keyong's Yi'er, then named Li Cunzhen, and later changed back to his original surname Fu. Therefore, the "righteous children" used by Li Ke are a total of 10 people clearly recorded in history.
The purpose of adopting Yi'er during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of the late Tang Dynasty was for military or political interests, not to inherit the family property from generation to generation, so the more people adopted, the better, so as to strengthen the military and political power of the adopter. In addition to Li Keyong, there were as many as 120 righteous sons of The Shu lord Wang Jian, and more than 40 people with names available in the literature. Li Maozhen the Prince of Qi, Zhu Wen of Liang Taizu, and Li Siyuan of the Later Tang Dynasty also had many righteous children. There were five dynasties of Liang, Tang, Jin, Han, and Zhou, and there were eight surnames, three of which were born of righteous children, namely Later Tang Mingzong Li Siyuan, Later Tang Emperor Li Congke, and Later Zhou Shizong Chai Rong. Some of the kings or emperors of the Ten Kingdoms were also born of Yi'er, such as Li Sheng, the former lord of the Southern Tang Dynasty, who was the adopted son of Xu Wen, a major minister of the State of Wu, and named Xu Zhixuan; Liu Jisi, the deposed emperor of the Northern Han Dynasty, and Liu Jiyuan, the Emperor of the Yingwu Dynasty, as the righteous sons of Liu Chengjun of Ruizong; Gao Jixing, the king of Jingnan, was the righteous son of Li Qilang, a wealthy merchant in Luoyang; and Wang Jian, the former Shu Emperor, defected to the eunuch Tian Lingzi in his early years and recognized him as his righteous father.
In times of chaos, family affection may be more cohesive than other aspects, and when the parents and children cannot be more, the righteous children form the most trusted army to defend the safety of the righteous father, and in wartime, they are ordered to charge forward and win the war. The "Righteous Army" used by Li Ke appeared in this social background, and is a concentrated reflection of the prevalence of the social atmosphere of Yi'er during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of the late Tang Dynasty. In fact, it is also a variant of the development of private soldiers under the conscription system since the Middle And Tang Dynasties.
However, in that "Heavenly Son Ning has a kind of Yes?" In the era of warlord chaos, the son of his own son can kill Lao Tzu for the throne, and the false father-son relationship is even more unreliable, and the "father-son" friendship cannot resist the temptation of power after all.
Among the 10 righteous children used by Li Ke, Li Siyuan later became emperor, that is, Later Tang Mingzong, I have a special introduction, Li Cunxiao has been introduced above, the following brief selection of several famous Yi'er stories of Li Shi.
Li Sizhao
Li Keyong and Li Cunxun were two generations of Jin kings, and they were important generals of the Jin state in the southern conquest and the northern war. Li Sizhao, whose original surname was Han, was born into a peasant family in Taigu County, Fenzhou. Hedong Jiedu made Li Keyong go hunting in the Taigu area, and rested in a Han peasant house on the way, but saw that the surrounding woods were depressed and vibrant. The owner, Han Mou, said that he had just given birth to a son in his family. Li Keyong thought that this child had a rich atmosphere, so he exchanged the child for a golden veil and handed it over to his brother Li Kerou to raise, taking the name Li Jintong. Later, Li Keyong adopted him as an adopted son and changed his name to Li Sizhao.
When Li Sizhao was a teenager, he accompanied Li Keyong in conquest, and moved to Hezhong, Xinghuan, Zelu and other places, repeatedly breaking the Liang army, and participating in two battles to defend Taiyuan, and later served as an envoy of Zhaoyi Jiedushi and defended Luzhou. He confronted the Liang army for more than a year at the Battle of Luzhou after the establishment of Later Liang, and insisted until Li Cunxun led the army to help. Later, he led the Zhaoyi army to accompany Li Cunxun in the south to attack Houliang, the north to resist the Khitans, and zhang Wenli and other large and small battles. In the nineteenth year of Tianyou (922), when Zhang Wenli was in Zhenzhou, Zhang Chujin sent a thousand soldiers to Jiumen to receive grain and grass. Li Sizhao set up an ambush to annihilate all of the 1,000 Zhenzhou troops, leaving only three people hiding between the ruins of the broken wall. He drove his horse to shoot the enemy, but was shot in the head by an arrow from the enemy. At that time, Li Sizhao's arrows had been exhausted. He then pulled out the arrow on his head with his backhand, shot the enemy to death, and then returned to the camp, only to die in the camp that night because of the bleeding from the wound.
The "History of the Old Five Dynasties" commented: "Although the shape is small, but the spirit is bold, the perseverance is not grouped." "Si Zhao, with his hard work and diligence, was able to be loyal in the end, and he was able to be loyal." Li Sizhao, who was loyal to Later Tang, could not have imagined that shortly after his death, his own son Li Jitao imprisoned his brother Li Jiliu, seized the post of Zhaoyi Jiedushi, betrayed Li Cunxun and surrendered to Later Liang, and after the fall of Later Liang, returned to Later Tang, and then plotted to rebel and was killed.
Li Cunxin
Originally surnamed Zhang, he was a shepherd slave in his early years, because he was intelligent and resourceful, he knew the Siyi language, could recognize the Six Books, was good at war, knew the military posture, and became a close confidant of Li Guochang of the Shatuo Army. Li Keyong led a large army into Guanzhong to quell the Huangchao Rebellion. Li Cunxin has always followed the battle, and has made many meritorious achievements, and was adopted by Li Keyong as a righteous son, giving him the name Li Cunxin, ranking fourth in the "Thirteen Taibao" of folk interpretation.
Li Cunxiao thus plotted rebellion, and in the third year of Qianning (896), Xuanwu Jiedu made Zhu Wen attack the Yanzhou Taining army Jiedu to make Zhu Jin and Yun Zhou Tianping Army Jiedu to make Zhu Xuan, and the two asked Li Keyong for help, and Li Keyong sent Li Cunxin to fake Wei Bo and garrison XinXian to join forces with Zhu Xuan to resist Xuanwu's army. Later, Li Cunxin was defeated, and Li Ke was captured and killed with his parent-child fall.
After the fall of Yanzhou and Yun Prefecture, Li Cunxin followed Li Ke in a crusade against Liu Rengong, the King of Yan, and the large army was stationed in Anse, but due to drunken misconduct, he was defeated by Liu Rengong's generals Shan Keji and Yang Shikan. Li Ke rebuked Li Cunxin with great anger and stern words, and killed him. Li Cunxin was afraid, and he immediately apologized for his sins and was in danger of being in danger.
Since then, Li Cunxin has no vitality at all, often claims to be ill, and no longer follows Li Keyong to fight. Li Ke used military power to grant Li Sizhao, and only sealed Li Cunxin as his right colonel. In October of the second year of Tianfu (902), he died of illness in Jinyang, at the age of 41.
Li Cunxiao
Li Cunxiao in the "History of the Five Dynasties of the Cruel Tang Dynasty" is the son of a stone man, born extraordinary, skinny as wood, but extremely powerful. The fierce tiger in the mountain will be captured, and the enemy will be vulnerable. He kills people like grass on the battlefield, but he can't bear to hurt his heroes. The famous generals Wang Yanzhang, Deng Tianwang, and Gao Siji all received the grace of his life. However, he himself became a tragic figure, and was later torn apart by Wuniu because of the jealousy of Li Cunxin and Kang Junli. After his death, yu xianling frightened Wang Yanzhang's people and horses, and escorted Li Keyong.
Li Cunxiao (李存孝), whose original surname was An (安) and whose name was Jingsi (敬思), was a native of Feihu County, Dai Prefecture (present-day Lingqiu County, Shanxi). When he was young, he was taken captive by Hedong Jiedushi and served Li Keyong in the tent, and was later adopted as an adopted son by him and given his name for filial piety.
After Li Cunxiao became an adult, he was good at riding and shooting, and he was extremely brave, often leading cavalry as the vanguard, and then following Li Ke to rescue ChenZhou and Xuzhou, conquest of Huangchao, and victory in every battle. Recaptured Luzhou, crusaded against Youzhou, attacked invincible, invincible, and successively served as the assassin of the three prefectures of Fenxing.
In the battle to retake Luzhou, Li Cunxiao contributed the most. However, Li Keyong appointed Kang Junli as Zhaoyi Liu, and only Li Cunxiao was appointed as the assassin of Fenzhou. Li Cunxiao was indignant and dissatisfied, and did not think about tea and dinner for several days.
In the first year of Jingfu (892), Wang Rong and Li Converse combined more than 100,000 troops to attack Yaoshan, and Li Ke used to appoint Li Cunxin as the commander of The Han Dynasty and Mabudu, and together with Li Cunxiao attacked Wang, Li Cunxiao and Li Cunxin were suspicious and jealous of each other, staying with each other and watching each other without advancing. Li Cunxin returned to Li Keyong and said, "Cun Xiao has two hearts and often avoids Zhao and does not attack." Li Cunxiao was uneasy in his heart, and secretly linked up with Zhu Wen and Zhao Wang Rong, and submitted a table to the imperial court with the three prefectures of Xingzhou, Huanzhou, and Cizhou to the imperial court. Emperor Zhaozong of Tang issued an edict appointing Li Cunxiao as the envoy of Xingzhou, Huanzhou, and Cizhou.
In the first year of Qianning (894), Li Ke personally led a large army to recruit Li Cunxiao, escorted him back to Taiyuan, and executed him with a car split. In fact, Li Ke did not want to kill Li Cunxiao, hoping that the people would intercede for him, so he spared him of his sins, who knew that all the generals were jealous of Li Cunxiao, and none of them interceded for him. Li Ke used this to deeply hate the generals, but did not condemn Li Cunxin. Li Ke regretted his filial piety and ignored political affairs for more than ten days.
Trial of symbols
The people of Wanqiu, Chen Prefecture (present-day Huaiyang District, Zhoukou City, Henan Province), were adopted by Li Keyong as a righteous son and given the surname of the state, and the annals of history are also recorded as Li Cunju, and when they reached the Later Jin Dynasty, their son Fu Yanrao returned to his original surname.
Fu Cunzhen was originally a general of the Gwangju Assassin Li Han, who assisted Li Keyong and Li Cunxun in the two generations of Jin kings, tired of breaking the Later Liang, expelling the Khitans, and more than a hundred battles, without defeat, and was on a par with Zhou Dewei. In the end, the officials went to the inspector Taishi, Zhongshu Ling, and Youzhou Lulong Jiedushi, and the town guarded Youzhou. In the second year of Tongguang (924), Fu Cunzhen was transferred to the Xuanwu Army as an envoy, but died of illness in Youzhou before receiving the edict. He gave Shang Shu Ling and was later posthumously awarded the title of King of Qin.
In the New History of the Five Dynasties written by Ouyang Xiu, Fu Cunzhen was the only person in the biography who was able to retain his original surname, and the rest of the people who were given the surname of Li were recorded as Li.
According to historical records, Fu Cunzhen had at least 9 sons, and the fourth son, Fu Yanqing, was brave and resourceful, and was good at using soldiers. In the battles of Qicheng, Yangcheng, and Dingzhou, he fought against the Khitan many times, and his name shocked the enemy country. He stayed under the grace and courtesy of the priests, and his three daughters were the empresses of Emperor Chai Rong of Zhou Shizong and Zhao Guangyi of Emperor Taizong of Song. The history says that "since the two dynasties of (Zhou) Gong Emperor and (Song) Taizu, the edict is not named. The "Eastern Capital Chronicle" also called Fu Shi "modern noble and prosperous, incomparable".
(The picture in this article is a network information)