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Herbert Clark Hoover, a controversial figure in American history. From an unknown individual, he stepped into the mining industry and created a huge fortune, which is the typical rich man of the "American dream". During the glorious 20s of World War I, he ventured into politics and served as Secretary of Commerce for 8 years with great success. In 1928, he was overwhelmingly elected the 31st president of the United States. However, when the Great Depression hit and the United States fell into economic collapse, Hoover was unable to resolve the situation and failed to bring about a turnaround. In the 1932 presidential election, he suffered a crushing defeat to Franklin D. Roosevelt. In response to the severe economic crisis of 1929-1933, Roosevelt introduced the "New Deal" program, which aimed to save the crumbling American economy and capitalist system through a series of new economic policies. Roosevelt not only reshaped the country's economic system, but also brought prosperity back to America and rekindled the flame of capitalism.
Hoover, a man whose life was full of honor and accusations. His background is impressive: a successful career, eight years of experience as a government minister, and a reputation as a "great humanitarian". This has led to high hopes from all walks of life as an ideal candidate for the presidency. In the 1928 campaign, Hoover's success, government ministerial position, and "humanitarian" image won popular support. However, this aura also made his failure more visible. Under his leadership, banks were closed, agricultural products destroyed, farmland deserted, livestock slaughtered, and compensation for losses was provided to save the unemployed. But these measures, along with a sharp increase in unemployment, have failed to prevent the United States from falling into crisis. People began to question Hoover's leadership, and he went from "America's savior" to the coveted "clown."
In 1932, the United States was in trouble. Hoover's reputation was already at stake, and the haze of the Great Depression still hung over the country. As large numbers of veterans rallied in Washington for government subsidies, things quickly deteriorated. Hoover ordered the army to suppress protests, thousands of veterans and their families were driven out of Washington, and the conflict resulted in casualties. Hoover's image suffered a huge blow, and he was defeated by Franklin Roosevelt in the 1932 presidential race, ending his political career. Hoover is historically considered a disappointed president for failing to deal with one of America's worst economic crises.
Roosevelt took office and put the New Deal into practice. He quickly closed banks, stabilized financial markets, controlled currencies, and prevented financial panic. Roosevelt understood that the key to solving the crisis lay in agriculture, and was determined to limit agricultural production, support prices, and solve the agricultural crisis. He passed the Agricultural Adjustment Act, established the National Recovery Authority, implemented agricultural programs, and avoided overproduction. This plan solved agricultural problems, restored farmers' purchasing power, and laid a solid foundation for the revitalization of the U.S. economy.
Although Roosevelt's "New Deal" was a great success, it was also controversial. His government implemented massive public works that created jobs, but also led to an increase in government debt. In addition, some policies have faced criticism, such as the failure of the National Recovery and Reconstruction Authority. However, Roosevelt's "New Deal" succeeded in turning America's economic fortunes around and bringing new hope to the nation. He demonstrated the resilience and decisiveness of leaders in times of crisis that helped the United States survive the Great Depression.
Although Hoover and Roosevelt took different approaches to dealing with the Great Depression, they both contributed to the future of America. Hoover's failures provided valuable lessons for future leaders, and Roosevelt's success proved that government can play an active role in times of crisis. The leadership styles and policy choices of both presidents reflect their differing understandings of the crisis, but both have had a profound impact on America's history and future.
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