Ma Rong (79-166), the longest character. A native of Fufeng Maoling (present-day northeast of Xingping, Shaanxi). A famous scribe in the Eastern Han Dynasty and the grandson of Ma Yuan, a famous general of the Eastern Han Dynasty. He successively served as a school secretary, a county gongcao, a yilang, a general engaged in the positions of Zhonglang and Wudu, and Nanjun Taishou, and was later shaved and exiled for offending the great general Liang Ji, and attempted suicide on the way, and was summoned to avoid being called back. He re-appointed Yi Lang and studied Confucian classics at the Dongguan School, but later left his post due to illness. In the ninth year of Yanxi (166), Ma Rong died at the age of eighty-eight. During the Tang Dynasty, he was worthy of Confucius, and in the Song Dynasty, he was posthumously honored as Fufeng Bo.
In his lifetime, Ma Rong annotated many books, including the "Filial Piety Classic", "Analects", "Poems", "Zhou Yi", "Three Rites", "Shang Shu", "Biography of Lienu", "Lao Tzu", "Huainan Zi", "Departure from Sorrow" and other books, all of which have been scattered, and the "Yuhan Shanfang Series" and "Hanxuetang Series" compiled by the Qing Dynasty have all been compiled. There are also works such as Fu Song, some of which have been collected, and the Ming Dynasty has "Ma JiChang". He was particularly good at ancient scriptures. There are often thousands of disciples who set up accounts and disciples. He was not bound by Confucian etiquette, "Juyu costumes, more extravagant ornaments." Taste the high hall, Shi Daisha tent, the former disciple, the latter female music. "Lu Zhi, Zheng Xuan, and others are his disciples.
Broadcom Scriptures
Ma Rong is beautiful in speech and posture, talented, and good at words. Previously, Kyo Shōjin lived in seclusion in Nanshan, teaching disciples in Confucianism, and should not be recruited by the prefecture and county, and was famous in the Kansai region. Ma Rong followed him on a study tour and learned the scriptures. Zhi Gong admired Ma Rong's talent, so he married his daughter to him.
First entry
In the second year of the Yongchu Dynasty (108), the general Deng Xiao heard of Ma Rong's reputation and summoned him to be a herring officer, but Ma Rong did not like this position and did not answer the order. He lived between Wudu and Hanyang Counties in Liangzhou. At that time, the Qiang people rose up and disturbed the border. The price of rice soared, and from the west of Hangu Pass, people starved to death one after another on the road. Ma Rong, who was also suffering from hunger, regretted it and said to his friend, "The ancients said, 'The left hand is according to the map of the world, and the right hand cuts its throat, and this kind of thing that harms life in name will not be done by fools.'" Why? Life is the most precious. Now, in order to be afraid of the shame of the folk song people, the priceless body will be destroyed, which is not in line with Lao Zhuang's reasoning. So he was recruited by Deng Xiao.
In the fourth year of Yongchu (110), Ma Rong was worshipped as a school scribe and went to the Dongguan School to collect books. At that time, Empress Deng was in power, and the Deng Brothers assisted in the administration. Generally speaking, Confucian scholars who are simple and see believe that wende can be revived and martial arts should be abolished, so they stopped the system of martial arts training and did not talk about the method of battle fronts. Therefore, thieves swarmed, taking advantage of the country's unpreparedness. Ma Rong was greatly dissatisfied with this, believing that the way of culture and martial arts was valued by the sages, gold, wood, water, fire, and earth, and people used them together, and none of them could be abolished, so how could they not talk about martial arts.
The upper sparse is imprisoned
In the second year of the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (115), Ma Rong put on the "Ode to Guangcheng" to satirize the imperial court. After the "Ode to Guangcheng" was delivered, it offended the Tang clan in power. Ma Rong had to stay in Dongguan and could not be promoted for ten years. Ma Rong later died because of his nephew, so he asked him to return home. When Empress Dowager Deng heard this, she was furious, believing that Ma Rong did not obey the orders of the imperial court and wanted to become an official in the prefecture and county, so she ordered that Ma Rong be banned from being an official.
In the first year of Jianguang (121), Empress Deng died, and Emperor An of Han took the throne and summoned Ma Rong back to the Ministry of Speech. He also served as the chief historian of the Prince of Hejian .e., At that time, Emperor An was touring Daizong (Taishan) in the east, and Ma Rong presented the "Ode to the Eastern Tour". Emperor An was amazed at his literary talent and summoned him as Langzhong.
In the first year of Yanguang (125), Liu Yi, the Marquis of Beixiang, ascended the throne, and Ma Rong resigned as an official due to illness and served as Gong Cao in the county. In the second year of Yang Jia (133), the imperial court ordered the courtiers to elect Dun Puren, and the city gate lieutenant Cen Qi recommended Ma Rong, who rushed to the conscription and was assessed to be a parliamentarian. He was also appointed by the general Liang Shang as his own Zhonglang (中郎), and was later promoted to Wudu Taishou (武都太守).
Succumb to the powerful
After three promotions, Ma Rong served as the Taishou of Nan Commandery during the reign of Emperor Huan of Han. Earlier, Ma Rong had offended the general Liang Ji for some things, and Liang Ji suggested that the relevant authorities falsely accuse Ma Rong of embezzlement in the county, so he was dismissed from his post and shaved his hair and exiled to Shuofang County. Ma Rong attempted suicide and was called back to avoid sin. He re-appointed Yilang and studied Confucian texts at Dongguan School, and participated in the continuation of the Book of Han (historically known as the Book of Han of Dongguan), but later left his post due to illness.
At first, Ma Rong was punished by the Tang clan, so he did not dare to offend the magnates again, and later drafted a repertoire for Liang Ji to frame the eunuch Li Gu, and was reprimanded by Wu You, saying: "Li Gong's crime is due to your subordinates." If Li Gong is cursed and killed, what face do you have to see the people of the world?" He also made Liang Ji the great general "Ode to the West", so he was quite ashamed of the righteous people.
Major achievements
Scriptural aspects. Ma Rong's long-term writing in the Dongguan School provided him with very favorable conditions for him to be able to synthesize the learning of various schools and annotate the ancient texts. Ma Rongzhi is a typical example of ancient classics. In the history of the development of Confucian classics, Ma Rong began the pioneering work of synthesizing various schools and annotating the Qunjing, and his achievements in the annotations of the classics began to mature, indicating that the development of han dynasty classics will enter a new period.
Teaching aspect. Ma Rong was highly talented and knowledgeable, and was a Confucian of the time. He taught disciples, often thousands. Lu Zhi, a native of Zhuo County, and Zheng Xuan, a native of Beihai, were his students.
Posthumous status
In 647 (the twenty-first year of Zhenguan), Emperor Taizong of Tang decreed that twenty-two of the sages and confucians of the past were worthy of Confucius, including Ma Rong. During the Song Dynasty, Ma Rong was posthumously awarded the title of Fufeng Bo and was able to obtain from the Temple of Confucius.