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Senegal, a small corner of the colonial map of the French Empire, played a pivotal role. On the historical stage of epidemic prevention, this colony has made many appearances. At the same time, however, it became the center of many social, political and military disputes. This article takes you through time and explores the key role of the Senegalese colony in the fight against infectious diseases and its intricate connections to other colonies.
Senegal's epidemic is often accompanied by indigenous revolts, especially in the urban area of Ndalgate. In order to promote the policy of epidemic prevention, France usually mobilized troops from other colonies to support Senegal. In 1918, during the plague pandemic in Senegal, the Senegalese colonial government requested the support of the French central government in order to relocate the inhabitants of the Ndallgate district of Saint-Louis to prevent the situation from spiraling out of control. So France sent Spasi cavalry from the North African colonies to assist in the migration. Originating in the Ottoman Turkish Empire in the 15th century, the Spassiz cavalry was a heavy cavalry, more oppressive than ordinary light cavalry, and more suitable for controlling large crowds. The cross-regional deployment of these armies relied on the coordination of French resources in different colonies, providing a solid foundation for epidemic prevention.
Senegal has repeatedly relied on quinine in response to infectious diseases such as malaria, but its scarcity has become a limiting factor. France distributed cinchona bark grown in the Java Islands to French colonies, including Senegal, to ensure that the colonies could still respond effectively to malaria in times of quinine shortages. This system of mutual aid made the colonies closely linked, but also depended on the coordination of the French central government.
The Senegalese colony was on high alert for infectious disease outbreaks in other colonies, especially imported cases from the Algerian colony in North Africa. After 1864, the importation of infectious diseases such as yellow fever in Senegal gradually became a serious public health challenge. Senegalese health officials treated ships in the colonies with caution, placing them under quarantine and observation to curb the importation of infectious agents.
Senegal's prominence in West Africa was not enshrined in law, but by the consensus of the French government and other colonies. Relatively good relations were maintained between the governors of the different colonies, and this personal relationship helped to support and cooperate with each other. However, the powers of the governors remained limited, internal affairs were managed by the governors, and the central Government of France maintained supervision and coordination of the colonies.
The Senegalese colonial government interacted closely with the internal and external environment in the prevention of infectious diseases. However, corruption has become a stumbling block to governance, allowing officials to seek personal interests, but undermining the overall epidemic prevention force, and even leading to the failure of epidemic control. This problem of internal corruption highlighted the corruption of the colonial government and had a negative impact on governance.
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