"Ping An Beijing Central Axis" Series Media Report, Ping An Tiananmen Square(1)
In these old photos, there is a "different" Tiananmen Square
Yongdingmen at the southern end of Beijing's central axis
North End Bell and Drum Tower
Through the old city of Beijing
The first line of the central axis, inheriting the ancient and modern
(Source: Beijing Central Axis official website)
It bears witness to China
The vicissitudes of nearly 700 years of history
Epoch-making moments take place here
1 Oct 1949
On the upper floor of Tiananmen Square
The great leader Chairman Mao solemnly declared:
"The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China was established today!"
Tiananmen Square, not only occupies a very important geographical position on the central axis of Beijing, it is located in the center of Beijing, the capital of the People's Republic of China, which is famous for its outstanding architectural art and special political status, and is also a witness of many important historical moments.
(Source: Beijing Central Axis official website)
↓↓↓
◆ Tiananmen Square
Tiananmen Square, once the main gate of the imperial city of the Ming and Qing dynasties, is a leading ceremonial architectural sequence and part of the imperial space in and out of the palace city, reflecting the adherence to the ideal capital planning paradigm of "facing the future city" contained in the Kaogongji. Tiananmen Square was also the site of edicts and major state events in modern times during the Ming and Qing dynasties, and was a carrier of state ceremonies, witnessing the end of more than 2,000 years of feudal dynastic rule and the establishment of the People's Republic of China.
◆ Waijin Water Bridge
(Source: Beijing Central Axis official website)
The upper floor of Tiananmen City overlooks the Jinshui Bridge. Photo by reporter Zhang Zheng
The position of the Waijinshui Bridge bridge corresponds to the five ticket gates of the Tiananmen City Tower and the south gate of the Taimiao Temple and the Sheji Altar, and the layout of the bridge body, the width of the bridge deck, the form of the column head and the decorative details all reflect the principle of "choosing the middle". As a pilot area to enter the Ming and Qing Dynasty Imperial City, the Waijinshui Bridge is the only way for the Ming and Qing dynasties to lead from the imperial city to the southern suburbs of the festival, and it is also a ceremonial space for major celebrations in the country today, and has always assumed an important ceremonial function.
◆ Tiananmen Square complex
Located at the heart of Beijing's central axis, Tiananmen Square and its complex were formed in the Ming Dynasty and expanded in the mid-20th century, becoming one of the important examples of the transformation of Beijing's central axis to the public.
The Tiananmen Square complex is located south of Tiananmen Square and north of Zhengyangmen. On the axis of the square, from north to south, there are two monumental buildings, the Monument to the People's Heroes and the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall, and two public buildings, the National Museum of China and the Great Hall of the People, are arranged symmetrically on the east and west sides of the square. The layout of Tiananmen Square respects and continues the planning pattern of Beijing's central axis, enriches and emphasizes the landscape order of Beijing's central axis, and emphasizes the dominant position of Beijing's central axis in urban planning.
(1) Monument to the People's Heroes
The Monument to the People's Heroes, built to commemorate the people's heroes who died in the People's Liberation War and the People's Revolution, is the first monumental building in the Tiananmen Square complex to be located on the central axis of Beijing, laid in 1949 and completed between 1952 and 1958.
(2) Great Hall of the People
The Great Hall of the People is the seat of the National People's Congress of China and the office of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, completed in 1959, and is an important venue for political activities held by the Party, the State and various people's organizations of the People's Republic of China.
(3) National Museum of China
The National Museum of China is the world's largest single building area, completed in 1959 and expanded in 2007, it is the highest institution representing the national collection, research, display and interpretation of representative material evidence that can fully reflect the excellent traditional Chinese culture, revolutionary culture and advanced socialist culture, and is the highest national history, culture and art hall and cultural living room.
(4) Chairman Mao Memorial Hall
The Chairman Mao Memorial Hall is a memorial hall for the first generation of Chinese revolutionary leaders with Chairman Mao Zedong as the core, completed in 1977, and there are many halls in the building for the public to hold commemorative activities and remember the leader's ideology and great deeds.
◆ Ming Dynasty
Tiananmen Square was built in the 15th year of the Ming Yongle (1417 AD) and completed in the 18th year of the Ming Yongle (1420 AD), and has a history of more than 600 years. The original name was Chengtianmen, which means "inheriting heaven and enlightening fortune" and "being ordered by heaven".
◆ Qing Dynasty
According to historical records, Chengtianmen was burned twice during the Ming Dynasty due to lightning fires; In the eighth year of the Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty (1651 AD), the Chengtianmen Gate was rebuilt and officially named Tiananmen, which means that Anbang governs the country and the country is safe and secure.
◆ Renovation before the founding of the People's Republic of China
Tiananmen Square in 1906.
From August 9 to 14, 1949, the first meeting of representatives from all walks of life in Beiping City unanimously decided to renovate Tiananmen Square and Tiananmen Square. At that time, the Peiping municipal government mobilized the people of the city to carry out a thorough clean-up of the urban area and welcome the birth of New China with a brand new look.
◆ Reconstruction and repair after the founding of New China
Tiananmen Square in 1969. At this time, preparations for the reconstruction of the Tiananmen Tower had begun. (Source: National Humanities History)
After the reconstruction of the Tiananmen Tower was completed in May 1970, some designers took photos with Master Damu. (Source: National Humanities History)
From December 15, 1969 to April 5, 1970, the Tiananmen Tower underwent a large-scale reconstruction that lasted 112 days. After the reconstruction, Tiananmen Square is presented to the people of Chinese and the world with a new and brilliant appearance.
On May Day in 1970, the family took a photo in front of Tiananmen Square. Behind them is the newly rebuilt Tiananmen Tower. (Source: National Humanities History)
From May 24, 2018 to June 30, 2019, the Tiananmen Tower underwent a comprehensive renovation, which comprehensively strengthened the functionality and safety of the city tower and the city platform, and comprehensively improved the illumination, visual sense and comfort in the hall, which met the needs of on-site service guarantee for major events to the greatest extent.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Tiananmen Square was expanded on different scales in 1950, 1954 and 1958, demolishing the red walls and some old buildings on the square, erecting the Monument to the People's Heroes in the center of the square, and building the Museum of Chinese Revolution and History (later renamed the National Museum of China) and the Great Hall of the People on the east and west sides, which finally formed the open and grand layout of Tiananmen Square, laying its important position as the "heart of China".
It will never be forgotten
Those who suffered the humiliation of foreign forces passed bitterly
But it has also gone through the vicissitudes of time
Witness to the Chinese nation
A glorious journey towards a great revival
↓↓↓
◆ May Fourth Movement
During the May Fourth Movement, students in Beijing marched and demonstrated.
On May 4, 1919, more than 3,000 students from Peking University and several other schools gathered in front of Tiananmen Square to hold a demonstration, raising slogans such as "Sovereignty is disputed abroad, and national thieves are eliminated from within." The May Fourth Movement marked a turning point in China's transition from the old democratic revolution to the new democratic revolution, and was a milestone in the historical process of the Chinese nation's pursuit of national independence and development and progress in modern times.
◆ Peaceful liberation of Beiping
On February 3, 1949, the People's Liberation Army entered the city Chinese ceremony.
On February 3, 1949, the well-dressed Chinese People's Liberation Army held a ceremony to enter the city. The mighty and majestic procession entered Tiananmen Square from Zhengyangmen, and the people of Beiping flocked to the streets to warmly welcome the arrival of the people's children and soldiers, the square was full of vitality and joy, and the people were full of confidence to welcome the beginning of a new life.
◆ Founding ceremony
On October 1, 1949, Chairman Mao Zedong read the Announcement of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China at the founding ceremony.
On October 1, 1949, New China held a grand founding ceremony. Mao Zedong led the responsible persons of the party, government, army, democratic parties and mass organizations to the Tiananmen Tower to announce the founding of the People's Republic of China to the world.
◆ The 10th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China
Chairman Mao Zedong on the upper floor of Tiananmen Square on October 1, 1959. (Source: Xinhua News Agency)
On October 1, 1959, the celebration of the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China was held in Tiananmen Square, which was also the largest number of foreign party and government leaders and international friends attending the event since the founding of New China, with a total of more than 3,300 foreign guests attending the celebration.
◆ 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China
On October 1, 2019, the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China was held in Beijing's Tiananmen Square. (Source: Xinhua News Agency)
On October 1, 2019, the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China was held in Beijing's Tiananmen Square.
◆ 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China
On July 1, 2021, a grand celebration of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China was held in Beijing's Tiananmen Square. (Source: Xinhua News Agency)
On July 1, 2021, a grand celebration of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China was held in Beijing's Tiananmen Square.
The years change, the wind changes
However, there is such a group of people
They have guarded the land for decades
Dressed in navy blue, faithfully performing his duties
Police on duty in Tiananmen Square. (Photo courtesy of Tiananmen Branch of Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau)
In the next issue, please follow in our footsteps
Came to the Tiananmen District Branch of the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau
Listen to us
Those things that guard Tiananmen
Chief planner: Sun Fuhui
Executive planner: Zhang Yaoyu Wang Lixue
Rong Media Reporting Group reporters: Fu Jing, Ma Wangying, Zhang Zheng, Liu Hui, Guo Yao, Zhang Qingyang, Lu Pinzhang