First, it is easy to know the sky, but it is difficult to go against the sky
If you were to summarize Zhuge Liang in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms in one sentence, what would you say? The author first stated the answer, just six words: easy to know the sky, against the sky is difficult!
When Liu Bei asked Zhuge Liang to come out of the mountain, I am afraid that many people only paid attention to Sima Hui's sentence "Although Kong Ming won his master, he did not get the time", but ignored that before Liu Bei met Cui Zhouping, the two of them talked freely about the world's major events, Cui Zhouping once said such a sentence, the original text is as follows:
The general wanted Kong Ming to mediate between heaven and earth and patch up Qiankun, but it was not easy to do so, and it was in vain. Do you not hear that those who go along with the heavens are easy, and those who go against the heavens work; where the number is, they cannot be taken away; where the fate is, no one must be strong?
The author's evaluation of Zhuge Liang comes from this sentence, but the "those who follow the heavens are easy, and those who go against the sky" are changed to "knowing the sky is easy, and it is difficult to go against the sky".
Because, putting aside the fatalistic taste in the romance, the author believes that Zhuge Liang can be called "a real warrior who dares to face a bleak life" in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms"!
In the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Zhuge Liang is not out of the woods, first divided the world, Huarong Daoqiao put Cao Cao, etc., is everywhere "knowing the heavens".
But he was always against the heavens—borrowing arrows, borrowing winds, borrowing Jingzhou, so much so that he finally used the Seven-Star Lamp to renew his life in Wuzhangyuan, and he wanted to borrow life from God. After being kicked out by Wei Yan and extinguishing the main lamp of the Seven-Star Lamp, Zhuge Liang finally said, "This is my destiny, not the fault of Wen Chang." ”
It seems that when Zhuge Liang came to the end of his life, he gave in and obeyed! But is Zhuge Liang really "from it"? On the night after Wei Yan left, when Jiang Wei entered the account to greet him, Zhuge Liang left Jiang Wei and began to speak his will.
Zhuge Liang first taught Jiang Wei "what he had learned in his lifetime and written twenty-four books" and told him to "not to be careless", and then gave Jiang Wei the "method of the crossbow and drawing it into a picture book" and asked him to "use it according to law".
Finally, he said, "All the ways in Shu do not need to worry much; but in the land of yin and peace, you must be careful." Although this place is steep, it will be lost for a long time. ”
Judging from Zhuge Liang's will to Jiang Wei, the first two belong to the inheritance between the mentor and the disciple, allowing Jiang Wei to complete his unfinished business. The last one, on the other hand, is a matter of life and death for the country. Zhuge Liang, who was equivalent to "knowing the heavens", "spoilers" in advance, warned Jiang Wei: Yin Ping is the life and death gate of Shu Han. Obviously, this was Zhuge Liang's last attempt before he died, and he did not concede defeat at all!
Unfortunately, the final result was lamentable, Zhuge Liang's important advice, Jiang Wei did not seem to obey. Deng Ai's smuggling of Yin Ping succeeded, Liu Chan surrendered, and Shu Han perished!
Although Jiang Wei learned the news, he drew his sword and slashed the stone and shouted, "We are waiting for a death battle, why should we descend first!" "But what can it do?" So now, all the questions pointed to Jiang Wei: Why didn't he listen?
If you want to know the reason, everything must start from Deng Ai's smuggling of Yin Ping.
Second, Deng Ai smuggled into Yinping
The first thing to emphasize is that the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is built on the history of the Three Kingdoms, a literary masterpiece.
Therefore, the history of righteousness and history cannot be separated! Through the analysis of the interpretation, it is possible to deduce the unfinished things of the correct history to make up for the deficiencies in the historical records. And analyzing the correct history, we can understand why the interpretation is recognized by the people, so that people always like to take the interpretation as history!
If it is divided, it is very easy to cause confrontation. For example, for Zhuge Liang's evaluation, the "Guo Jia does not die, the Crouching Dragon does not come out" that is widely circulated on the Internet, but the problem is that Guo Jia zai niu can directly command a campaign, dispatch troops, respond to the situation, etc.? At that time, Zhang Liang was more cattle, but he could not lead the troops to fight, and he still had to rely on Han Xin.
Therefore, Guo Jia can only benchmark Zhang Liang, but Zhuge Liang is equivalent to the combination of Zhang Liang and Han Xin (perhaps inappropriate, but it can explain the problem)! Therefore, it is said that Zhuge Liang's poor military ability is purely the result of self-comparison - Zhuge Liang ruled the country by one hundred points, and the military was ninety-five points, so the comparison was just that!
Understanding this, let's go back to the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Deng Ai smuggled into Yinping. He first saw a stone pillar inscribed: "Zhuge Wuhou Title." Qiwen Yun: "The second fire is just rising, and some people have crossed this line." The two men fought and soon died. ”
Deng Ai's reaction was to hurriedly pray to Jie: "Wuhou True God Man also!" Ai can't be a teacher, sorry. ”
Then a large empty village was found. Left and right said: "When Marquis Wenwu was in Japan, he had allocated a thousand soldiers to guard this dangerous pass. Now the Shu lord Liu Chan was abolished. ”
From the above details, it can be seen that Jiang Weiying did not forget Zhuge Liang's admonition, which Liu Chan privately abolished! In other words, although Zhuge Liang was still going against the heavens before he died, it was a pity that Liu Chan really didn't give it a damn!
This is actually why "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" fictionalizes these two details. It is not so much to show Zhuge Liang's "wisdom is almost a demon", but to show Zhuge Liang's great sadness. Just like a father, before dying, he arranged everything for his children, but unfortunately, "the children and grandchildren have their own children and grandchildren."
From this, it was linked to Jiang Wei's anger in cutting stones, and he shouted in grief and indignation, "Why should we surrender first?", which was also relieved. Yin Ping was smuggled, and Jiang Wei could not be blamed.
Maybe seeing this, some people will ask, you have been tossing and turning for half a day, what do you want to express?
Three, two main themes
First: literary masterpieces are romanticized history. The canonical record is a serious literature. The two should be mutually reinforcing, not separated! Otherwise, it is very easy to fall into opposition, mutual exclusion, and go to extremes, without objective cognition.
This point is most clearly reflected in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms and the history of the three kingdoms. There are already examples above, and Liu Chan is also in this situation, either being held up to heaven or trampled into the ground. And in the debate, it has become a phenomenon to use the spear of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Romance of the Three Kingdoms) to attack the shield of the History of the Three Kingdoms (Romance of the Three Kingdoms)!
This is also why the author would rather be opposed by many netizens, but also insist on the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and the history of the Three Kingdoms, written together, looking forward to the two confirmations, at least objective, not the author stubborn!
Second: Answer the accusations against Zhuge Liang!
Whether in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms or in the history of Zhuge Liang, the most tear-inducing (fictional) deeds come from his Northern Expedition (six out of Qishan). So much so that many people in later generations attributed the demise of the Shu Han to Zhuge Liang's monopoly of power and did not pay attention to the cultivation of talents.
This is unjust. Speaking of talents, Jiang Wan, Fei Yi, Jiang Wei, and Zhuge Liang mentioned several others in the table, which one was not cultivated by Zhuge Liang?
For example, when Jiang Huan, a governing talent, and Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition, he kept Chengdu to assist Liu Chan -- didn't he just let him take charge of the government, comprehensively cultivate and train?
There is also the military talent Jiang Wei, Zhuge Liang has always been with him, while teaching by example, while fighting in actual combat! What else do you want Zhuge Liang to do? Therefore, in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Zhuge Liang's three last words to Jiang Wei are all related to the military aspect! It has perfectly answered the accusation that "Zhuge Liang monopolizes power and does not cultivate talents", which can be confirmed with history!
Therefore, the reason why Liu Chan was able to become emperor after Zhuge Liang's death was precisely due to the talents cultivated by Zhuge Liang. unbelief? Look at the Shu Han after this group of talents withered, after Deng Ai smuggled into Yinping, it was the surrender of the Manchu Dynasty! Only the sixty-year-old Jiang Wei was still roaring with grief and anger.
Obviously, he has passed it down, Zhuge Liang's "knowing the heavens is easy, and it is difficult to go against the sky." This can be confirmed again by the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" or the main history!
Knowing the heavens is easy, it is difficult to go against the sky - there is always a spirit, even if the millennium has passed, it is still flowing in the blood of many Chinese people, they are real warriors!