Today I saw an interesting topic, was Nurhaci the emperor of the Qing Dynasty?
At first glance, it is natural to subconsciously think that Nurhaci is the Qing Taizu and naturally the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, but if you think about it carefully, this issue actually has a lot of content and a lot of discussion.
First of all, let's take a look at the rise and fortune history of the Qing Dynasty:
The first stage: Nurhaci raised an army and established the Later Jin Khanate, which was the first Great Khan of the Later Jin Khanate, which belonged to the period of its inception.
The second stage: Emperor Taiji succeeded to the throne, for the second Great Khan of The Later Jin, during his reign, internally changed the "eight families decentralization" model of the Nurhaci period, began to centralize power, carried out various reforms, and officially called the imperial change of the name of the country as Daqing, externally is to conquer Li's Korea and Southern Mongolia, and is to unify Guanwai, so that the Qing regime has an earth-shaking transformation from the inside out, laying the foundation for Li Zicheng to destroy the Ming Dynasty in 1644, the Qing Dynasty took the opportunity to enter the customs and seize the world, which belongs to the formal division of the party. Become a perfect divided regime.
The third stage: Shunzhi Emperor Fulin succeeded to the throne in the first year of Shunzhi, that is, in 1644, the Ming Dynasty fell, the Qing army took the opportunity to enter the customs, and began to seize the world, and finally succeeded, so this year is also the beginning of the Qing Dynasty to become a national power, so the Qing Dynasty is called the Dynasty.
The key here lies in the "dynasty" character of the Qing Dynasty, in general, calling the dynasty is very exquisite, the dynasty is the embodiment of orthodoxy, the national political power is inevitable to call the dynasty, and then there is the orthodox separatist forces in the era of division can also be called the dynasty. For example, the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms were in turmoil, the orthodox order was Later Liang, Later Tang, Later Jin, Later Han, and Later Zhou, and finally the Song Dynasty of Zhou Lizhi ended the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, so the orthodox separatist forces can also be called dynasties, and the remaining divided forces can only be called states.
Of course, there is a special case, that is, each is orthodox, and can be called a dynasty. For example, in the era of the Three Kingdoms of the Song Dynasty and the Liao Dynasty, when everyone calls it today, they all call the Song Dynasty rather than the Song Dynasty, and call the Liaojin The LiaoGuo and the Jin Kingdom, but because none of the three parties have a great unification, and the existence of the country is long, so when the history of the Great Unification Yuan Dynasty is revised, the three parties are orthodox and each repairs history, so the Liaojin can be called the Liao Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty, but in the later Qing Dynasty, the Qianlong Emperor believed that the Song Dynasty was the most orthodox dynasty.
In addition, there is a special situation, that is, the era of the great division of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, according to the orthodox order, the Three Kingdoms Era was finally the return of the Three Families to the Jin, the Chaotic Era came after the brief unification of the Western Jin Dynasty, the Eastern Jin Dynasty crossed the South, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty entered the Southern Dynasty era, which was for the Southern Dynasty Song, the Southern Dynasty Qi, the Southern Dynasty Liang, and the Southern Dynasty Chen Four Dynasties, so the southern regime should be orthodox.
However, the northern Zhou dynasty produced a fierce man named Yang Jian, who first represented Zhou Lisui, and then went south to destroy Chen to complete the unification, so it was embarrassing, since it was finally the northern regime that completed the unification, so the northern regime was also orthodox, so this period was called the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
Let's take a look at the Guanwai period of the Qing Dynasty, Nurhachi grass creation, Emperor Taiji is determined to forge ahead to unify Guanwai, into a party to divide the situation, but did not form a north-south confrontation with the Ming Dynasty, to play an inappropriate analogy, equivalent to the Song Liaojin Three Kingdoms era of the Western Xia, although the combat effectiveness is strong, but the volume is too small, the influence is limited, so it can only be a country rather than a dynasty, although this metaphor is not appropriate, but even if the Emperor Taiji unified the Guanwai, compared to the huge Ming Dynasty, it is not evenly matched. At that time, the Great Qing Dynasty could not be called a dynasty.
Therefore, the Ming Dynasty was still the orthodox at that time, the only dynasty at that time, so the Great Qing in the Guanwai period could not be called a dynasty, so seriously speaking, Nurhaci was not the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, not to mention that he was only the Post-Jin regime, and the Qing Dynasty should start in 1644 in terms of dynasties, so it was not the 11th 12th Emperor, but the 9th 10th Emperor.
This point of reference to the same Yuan Dynasty can be seen that the predecessor of the Yuan Dynasty, the Great Mongolian Empire, was the Era of the Eastern Expedition to the West, which rose rapidly under the leadership of Genghis Khan, but when it comes to the founding emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, it will only be said that it is Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty, not the yuan Taizu Genghis Khan, who is posthumously sealed, and when it comes to the Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, it is only from the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty Ancestor Kublai Khan, there are 5th and 11th emperors, even if there are Taizu, Taizong, Dingzong, and Xianzong in front of them, but they will not be counted, and these four great Khans who were posthumously named temples are mainly in the Great Mongolian system.
There is also the Qin Dynasty, which began with Qin Shi Huang as the founding emperor, and when it comes to the history of going forward, it is called the Qin State, because before Qin Shi Huang, the Qin State did not have a great unification, but many parties with strong separatist forces can only be the country, and after the great unification, it is naturally the dynasty.
In the same way, the Qing Dynasty was the same, and the era of divided power cannot be called a dynasty in general.
The reason why the Qing Dynasty generally counted Nurhaci, the predecessor and successor of the Guanwai period, and the emperor Taiji, who was both the second great khan of the Later Jin Dynasty and the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty, was actually very complicated, and there were roughly the following three reasons.
First, after the Qing Dynasty entered the Guanguan, the officials at that time always raised the status of the Second Emperor in the Guanwai period, deliberately downplaying the influence of the Ming Dynasty at that time.
Like Nurhaci, who was initially posthumously awarded the title of Emperor Taizuwu, Emperor Taiji's reign of Tiancong did not know at the beginning of the reign of Emperor Taiji, or the Ming Dynasty rebel Xu Shichang asked for the title of "Wu", and changed the name of the former Khan to the former emperor, like the Nurhaci era did not even have a year number, the so-called Mandate of Heaven year number was originally an honorific title, and later it was used as the era name.
In the first year of the Kangxi Dynasty, when discussing the temple number and title of the Shunzhi Emperor who died, generally speaking, the "Wen" and "Wu" titles were the best among the emperor's titles, but later the Western Han Dynasty, in order to highlight the merits of the founding emperor Liu Bang, used the character "Gao" as the title, and from then on, "Gao" was higher than "Wen" and "Wu", becoming the emperor's top title.
During the Shunzhi Emperor period, the Qing Dynasty transitioned into a national power, so the temple number was naturally like kublai Khan, the founding emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, and was for the ancestor, so Hubu Shangshu Sun Tingquan proposed that the Shunzhi Emperor's title should be "high", the reason is that the Shunzhi Emperor is "Longxing Middle-earth, Mixed One And Six, and the Merits are the Same as The Creation", there is a layer of potential meaning that the Qing Dynasty became a national power during the Shunzhi Emperor period, which is actually the same as the founding lord, as for the Nurhaci and Emperor Taiji eras in the Guanwai period, according to the custom, it is naturally only a frontier regime.
However, Ao bai, one of the four auxiliary ministers, should have seen this, resolutely disagreed, and vigorously advocated that the Shunzhi Emperor be made the "Zhang" Emperor, meaning that the Shunzhi Emperor was only the successor king, and then changed Nurhaci's nickname "Wu" to "Gao", making Nurhaci the Taizu Gao Emperor, greatly improving Nurhaci's status.
As for why this is so, it is because Aobai wants to elevate the status of the Qing Dynasty in the Guanwai period, making it clear that the Later Jin regime and the Great Qing Dynasty are the same family, meaning that they are one from beginning to end, cannot be treated differently, and are also orthodox from the beginning.
There is also a history of Nurhaci, always mentioning the use of thirteen pairs of armor to start a army, but intentionally or unintentionally downplaying nurhaci's history of being a ming dynasty dragon and tiger general and being supported by the Ming dynasty.
Such an elevation of Nurhaci's status naturally made the public mention the Qing Dynasty often begin in the Guanwai period, rather than in 1644, when the Qing Dynasty became a national power.
Second, the situation of the Qing Dynasty is special, and it is different from the Yuan Dynasty.
The Yuan Dynasty was changed by Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty, to change the name of the country to "Dayuan" in the I Ching, and it was to achieve great unification.
The Qing Dynasty first created the Later Jin regime by Nurhachicao, then the Emperor Taiji changed the name of the country to Daqing, followed by the emperor Taiji's son Shunzhi Emperor who became a national government during the reign, which is more complicated.
Coupled with the relatively complex history before the Yuan Dynasty became a national power, there were only two emperors (also known as the Great Khan) before the Qing Dynasty became a national power, which is easy to remember and simple, so when it comes to Qing emperors, it is often the Emperor Taiji and Nurhaci of the Guanwai period who joined.
3. Qing Dynasty Ancestor Shunzhi Emperor Yuan Dynasty Ancestor Kublai Khan 18,000 Miles.
Although Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty, founded the great unification of the country, although he had the merits of his predecessors, he also had strength, and the Yuan Dynasty was indeed unified under his rule and went to the peak.
However, the Shunzhi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty, although he was the first emperor after the Qing Dynasty became a unified dynasty, ninety percent of his exploits were committed by the regent Dolgun, which gave people a very general feeling, and if he was the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, it did not feel appropriate.
Coupled with the fact that Nurhaci and Huang Taiji before the Shunzhi Emperor were both male lords, laying a solid foundation for the Qing Dynasty to enter the customs and become a national political power, so the qing emperors naturally added these two to it.
Finally, in terms of dynasties, the Qing Dynasty can only be counted from 1644, with the Qing Dynasty Zu Shunzhi Emperor as the first generation of emperors, nurhaci naturally can not be regarded as the emperor of the Qing Dynasty.
Even if it is not based on the dynasty theory, Nurhaci is only the Later Jin Khan, and it is the son Emperor Taiji who changed the name of the country to Daqing, so from this point of view, he cannot be counted as the Emperor of the Great Qing.
However, because of the various reasons mentioned above, the emperors of the Qing Dynasty are generally mentioned now, starting with Nurhaci, of course, there is another meaning in this.
Like I myself said about the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, I generally say that the Qing Dynasty had 12 emperors, if there is no need, I will not specifically say that the Qing Dynasty refers to the after it became a national political power, so the Qing Dynasty only has 10 emperors.
Because this is to facilitate the narrative, in order to facilitate the study of this history, sometimes there is really no need to be too rigid in the system of distinction, especially in this kind of time.
Because we study history, the key lies in learning history, in learning the various truths in it, the focus is on what we have learned, not in the details of the more true, of course, some places do need to be in the details, even if it is the details of the serious, but just to say that the 12 emperors of the Qing Dynasty this popular saying, there is really no need to be more true, not to mention the narrative of popular history, in the face of the public, there is no need to do so, the focus is on what you have realized, and through the narrative to give others what kind of enlightenment, can be gained is the most important, Being more truthful in the details is certainly beneficial, but sometimes it is really unnecessary, because it is often the case with the cart before the horse.
Thank you for watching Song Anzhi's exclusive original article, as well as complaining, liking, and following