#头条创作挑战赛#
Generalissimo of the USSR
On June 27, 1945, the Soviet Union established the rank of Generalissimo of the Soviet Union (Генерали́ссимус Сове́тского Сою́за), which was awarded to Stalin as supreme commander in command of the Soviet Red Army to victory in the Great Patriotic War.
The word Генерали́ссимус is of Latin origin and translates into Russian as "great and first", which can be called Supreme Commander, and was first awarded by Peter the Great on June 28, 1696 to Alexei Semenovich Shein, who conquered Azov in the Russo-Turkish War. The most famous person who was awarded the title of Supreme Commander-in-Chief was Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov.
Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 26 June 1945 on the basis of a collective petition of workers, engineers and employees of the Resola plant in Moscow dated 6 February 1943 and the results of deliberations of the Commanders of the Front Army, the General Staff of the Red Army, the Navy of 24 June 1945.
On June 27, Stalin was awarded the rank of Generalissimo of the USSR on the proposal of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and the written opinion of the commanders of the front. In addition, Stalin was awarded the Order of Victory and the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
The General Directorate of Logistics designed and produced the uniform of the Generalissimo of the Soviet Union and presented it to Stalin for its official appearance at the Victory Parade on May 9, 1947. But Stalin later regretted accepting the title of Generalissimo and asked Winston Churchill to continue calling him Marshal. Stalin also refused to sign the decree establishing the rank of Generalissimo of the Soviet Union, stating that only Marshal of the Soviet Union was the highest rank in the Red Army. Stalin, like other marshals, wore the rank and uniform of the Marshal of the Soviet Union alone.
The Main Directorate of Logistics of the USSR designed four epaulets and two dress epaulets for the Generalissimo uniform of the Soviet Union, eventually adopting the style of regular dress epaulettes4 and dress medallion 2, and made a sample uniform for Stalin, but Stalin eventually refused to wear the uniform of the Generalissimo of the Soviet Union, and these two sets of sample uniforms are currently stored in the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War.
Regular epaulettes 1
Regular epaulettes 2
Regular service epaulettes3
Regular service epaulettes4
Dress epaulettes1
Dress epaulettes2
A sample of the military uniform of the Generalissimo of the Soviet Union preserved in the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War in Moscow
Dress epaulettes
Regular epaulettes
Marshal of the USSR and Marshal of the Soviet Navy
Marshal of the Soviet Union
Marshal of the Soviet Union (Маршал Советского Союза) was the de facto highest rank of the Red Army of the USSR. The Marshal of the Soviet Union was created in 1935 and abolished in 1991. A total of 41 people were awarded the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union.
On September 22, 1935, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR issued a decree officially establishing the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union. On November 20 the first five were awarded the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union: People's Commissar of Defense Voroshilov, Chief of the General Staff of the Red Army Egorov, and three senior commanders Blyukher, Budyonny and Tukhachevsky.
The rank insignia of the Marshal of the Soviet Union at that time
Among them, Blyukher, Tukhachevsky and Egorov were executed in the Great Purge. On May 7, 1940, three new Marshals of the Soviet Union were awarded, the new People's Commissars of Defense Timoshenko, Shaposhnikov and Kulik.
During World War II, Timoshenko and Budyonny were removed from office, and Kulik was demoted for incompetence. A number of officers were awarded the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union for their exploits, including Zhukov, Konev and Rokossovsky. In 1943, Stalin was awarded the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union. Later, some non-military personnel were awarded the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union, such as Beria, the head of the intelligence and secret police, in 1945, and Bulganin, a Soviet politician, in 1947.
Two Marshals of the Soviet Union were executed in post-war purges, Kulik in 1950 and Beria in 1953. With the exception of Brezhnev, who proclaimed himself Marshal of the Soviet Union in 1976, and Ustinov, who was appointed Minister of Defense in July 1976, Marshal of the Soviet Union was awarded only to professional servicemen. The last Marshal of the Soviet Union was Yazov in 1990, who was imprisoned after the failed coup against Gorbachev.
In addition to epaulettes, the Marshal of the Soviet Union wore a Generalissimo star on his neck. On September 2, 1940, the Generalissimo Star was officially established. The Generalissimo star is golden, with a platinum five-pointed star set with diamonds in the center, a 2.62 carat center diamond, and 25 diamonds on the five corners, weighing a total of 1.25 carats. Five diamonds set between the golden pentagonals, weighing a total of 3.06 carats. The Generalissimo Star has a diameter of 44.5 mm and the middle platinum pentagram has a diameter of 23 mm. The Generalissimo Star is worn with a red ribbon around the neck, after
Marshal of the USSR was divided into three generations:
The first category is marshals who rose to fame during the Russian Civil War, such as Blyukher, Tukhachevsky and Egorov, who were executed in the Great Purge, and Budyonny, Kulik, Shaposhnikov, Timoshenko and Voroshilov, who served as senior commanders at the beginning of World War II.
From left to right, two people stood: Budyonny and Blyukher, and three Tukhachevsky, Voroshilov and Egorov sat down
The second category is marshals of distinguished service in WWII, such as Zhukov, Vasilievsky, Konev, Vasilevsky, Malinovsky, Tolbukhin and Govorov.
Zhukov
The third category is marshals who held senior command positions during the Cold War, all officers during World War II, held senior command positions in the Warsaw Pact and served as Soviet Defense Minister and Grechko, Yakubovsky, Kulikov, Ogakov, Akhromeev and Yazov.
Yazov
With the exception of Brezhnev, who was a commissar and Ustinov, who was an ordnance factory director, all Marshals of the Third Category of the USSR served as officers in WWII. Even Yazov, who was only 20 years old at the end of the war, was a platoon commander.
Shunzong Brezhnev
After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union was abolished. In the Russian Federation, the succession to the rank of Marshal of the Russian Federation was created, which was awarded only to Sergeyev, who served as Minister of Defense from 1997 to 2001.
Sergeyev
Marshal of the Soviet Navy
Marshal of the Soviet Navy (aдмирал флота Cоветского Cоюза) was the highest rank in the Soviet Navy. On March 3, 1955, the Council of Ministers of the USSR formally established the Marshal of the Soviet Navy to replace the rank of Marshal (дмирал флота) since 1945, which is equivalent to the rank of army general.
After the establishment of the new rank, Kuznetsov and Isakov, the only two former marshals in the Navy, were promoted to marshal of the Soviet Navy. Less than a year later, Kuznetsov was demoted to vice admiral for political reasons and retired from the army, and Isakov became the only Soviet naval marshal until his death in 1967. His successor, Gorshkov, became the third and last Marshal of the Soviet Navy. Gorshkov died in 1988 and never appointed a Marshal of the Soviet Navy until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Nikolai Kuznetsov (1902-1974): awarded Marshal of the Navy of the USSR on March 3, 1955; demoted and retired on 17 February 1956; On July 26, 1988, the Marshal of the Soviet Navy was restored.
Ivan Isakov (1894-1967); Awarded Marshal of the Navy of the USSR on March 3, 1955
Sergei Gorshkov (1910-1988); Awarded to Marshal of the Navy of the USSR on October 28, 1967
Branch Commander
Commander of the Aviation Corps
Artillery commander
Commander of the Panzer Corps
Commander of the engineering corps
Signal Soldier Commander
The class commander (Маршал рода войск) is the third rank in the marshal rank, higher than the rank marshal (equivalent to army general).
On October 27, 1943, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issued a decree establishing the rank of chief commander of aviation, artillery, armored troops, engineering corps, and signal troops, which were awarded to those who had distinguished their merits in leading and commanding services, corps or branches of the armed forces. The first three branches already had the corresponding rank of marshal on February 4, 1943; The ranks of marshal and commander of the latter two branches were established at the same time.
When the arms commanders were created, except for the Marshal of the Soviet Union, the size of the pentagram on the epaulettes of the marshals of all arms was reduced by 10 mm (the original was 50 mm), while the arms commander's five-pointed star was surrounded by a laurel wreath with the arms emblem. Class Commanders can wear a Marshal Star.
The Marshal Star is a golden five-pointed star with a smaller platinum five-pointed star in the middle. The five-pointed star in platinum is set with a 2.04 ct diamond in the center and 25 diamonds weighing a total of 0.91 carats at the five corners. The Marshal Star has a diameter of 42 mm and weighs 35.1 grams. Worn in the same way as the Generalissimo star, the ribbon colors represent the class of arms: Marshal of the Soviet Union, Marshal of the Soviet Navy, and General, Red; Air Force commanders and marshals are light blue; Artillery commanders and marshals are golden; Armoured commanders and marshals are crimson; The commanders and marshals of the engineering corps are fuchsia red; Signal commanders and marshals are blue; The marshal is turquoise.
For the next 40 years, the rank commander was primarily awarded to the deputy secretary of defense and the commander of the corresponding department. The Engineers and Signal Corps commanders were not granted to anyone after they were established, so they were abolished in 1984. The last time he was awarded the title of Commander of the Arms was on 31 October 1984 when Koldunov was awarded the title of Commander of the Aviation. During the Soviet period, a total of 13 arms commanders were awarded, including 8 aviation commanders, 3 artillery commanders, and 2 armored commanders.
The commander of the aviation forces Alexander Ivanovich Koldunov
Artillery commander Vladimir Fedolovich Toluko
The commander of the armored forces Hamazasp Khachaturovich Babajanian
Marshal of arms
Marshal of the Air Forces
Field marshal of artillery
Marshal of the Panzer Corps
Marshal of the engineering corps
Marshal of the Signal Corps
On February 4, 1943, the rank of marshal of three arms of aviation, artillery and armored was established, with a large five-pointed star with a diameter of 50 mm, the same size as the five-pointed star on the epaulettes of the marshal of the Soviet Union. After the establishment of the rank of Commander of the Arms on October 27, 1943, the five-pointed star on the arm's marshal's epaulettes, was reduced by about 10 mm, thus establishing the uniqueness of the Marshal insignia. On October 27, 1943, the ranks of marshal of the engineering corps and the signal corps were established.
In the various branches of the army, the rank of general is promoted to marshal of the arms, so although the marshal of the arms carries the name of marshal, the rank is equivalent to the rank of army general (at that time, the army general's epaulette was four small five-pointed stars), the difference is the large five-pointed star on the epaulette and the wearing of two small marshal stars. After 1974, the army general's epaulettes, too, were changed to 40 mm large pentagram and the small marshal star was worn.
Former army general in 1974
General of the Army after 1974
Army General Vladimir Mikhailovich Shularev
A branch marshal can usually be promoted to a branch marshal, but not to a Soviet marshal. On the rank of officer of the Soviet Armed Forces, issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of 26 April 1984, only the rank of marshal of aviation and artillery was retained, and the rank of marshal of other arms was abolished. The last person to be awarded the rank of Marshal of the Arms was the Minister of Defense of the USSR, Yevgeny Ivanovich Shaposhnikov, in 1991 to Marshal of the Air Force. During the Soviet period, a total of arms marshals were awarded, including 13 artillery marshals, 32 aviation marshals, 8 armored marshals, 4 signal marshals and 6 engineering marshals.
Artillery Marshal Vladimir Mikhailovich Mikhalkin
Marshal of the Air Corps Pokryshkin Alexander Ivanovich
Marshal of the Panzer Corps Oleg Alexandrovich Losik
Marshal of the Signal Corps Alekseev Nikolai Nikolaevich
Marshal of the Engineering Corps Nikolai Fedorovich Sestoparov
In 1962 the ranks of the Soviet Navy were changed, the abolished Marshal was reintroduced, thus becoming the Marshal of the Soviet Navy - Marshal - Admiral - Vice Admiral and Rear Admiral of the fifth rank. In 1974, the four small five-pointed stars of the Marshal were changed to the same large five-pointed stars as the Marshal of the Soviet Navy, but without the national emblem on it.
Former Field Marshal of the Navy in 1974
Field Marshal after 1974
Admiral Georgy Mikhailovich Egorov
The system of generals' ranks was unified in the Regulation of the Army of the Russian Federation, approved in 1993, and the ranks of marshal of artillery and marshal of aviation were replaced by the rank of general of the army and aviation.
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