Zhao Zhiqian is versatile and studious, and has made remarkable achievements in literature, history, the study of gold and stone evidence, and calligraphy and painting seal engraving. The painting was traced back to Nantian, Xu Qingteng and Chen Baiyang by his close friend Ren Weichang, and he also entered the painting with the method of sealing grass, creating a new style of xiongmai Qingjun generation, which opened up a broad world for Haipai art.
In the eleventh year of Xianfeng (1681), Zhao Zhiqian left his former residence Shaoxing to seek family planning and escape the rebellion of the Taiping Army, and temporarily served as a minister in the Ruian County Bureau of Wenzhou Province. The Oujiang River basin in the southeast of Zhejiang is called "Ouzhong", "Dong'ou" or "Zhang'an", among which Wenzhou Yongjia and Ruian are all over the place, and Zhao Zhiqian has the opportunity to travel everywhere. The new living environment, different things and landscapes inspired Zhao Zhiqian's creation, and he carefully observed the novel plants and fish he saw in Yongjia, Wenzhou and Ruian, and inscribed his experience in his works and "Zhang An Miscellaneous Sayings".
In this year, Zhao Zhiqian was thirty-three years old, and he successively completed the "Ouzhong Three Maps" that are very representative in the process of calligraphy and painting research and creation in his lifetime: the four screens of "Ouzhong Grass and Wood Diagram" on July 13 (now in the Tokyo National Museum); the hand scroll of "Alien Fish Diagram" on October 9; and the "Ouzhong Property Map" hand scroll (now RongBaozhai) re-titled on October 5. The three paintings are all various products that Zhao Zhiqian first saw in Ouzhong, all of which were untouched by painters at that time, and there are also outstanding achievements in the entire history of Chinese painting. Therefore, the Spring Auction of this "Different Fish Diagram" is even more precious as the only "Ouzhong Three Maps" that can be circulated in the market.
This volume depicts a total of fifteen species of fish, shrimp, crabs and other marine objects, and the painted fish are inscribed with names and notes. Admire the paintings and feel vivid, interesting and rich. In addition to the novel shape visual effects composed of vivid pen and ink, you can also see the added value of literary and historical knowledge.
Zhao Zhiqian
Heterodox chart
Hand-rolled colored paper
Xianfeng Xin You (1861) as a work
Neck: 35.5×92 cm Drawing: 35.5×224 cm
illustrate:
It was once handed over by Xu Shikai, Liu Shiheng, Lin Xiongguang and others.
1. Xu Shikai (1844-1903), zi jing, room name guan self-de-fasting. Gold-loving stone, fine identification, rich collection, and Wu Yun's two Xuan Xuan. He once compiled the "Seal of the Second Golden Butterfly Hall" for Zhao Zhiqian.
2. Liu Shiheng (1874-1926), character ju chat, number onion stone. Guangxu lifted people. He has successively served as an alternate road in Jiangsu and supervised by Hubei and Tianjin Mints. Hi literature, especially songwriting. Rich collection, school magazine ancient books are particularly exquisite.
3. Lin Xiongguang (1898-1974), Zilang'an, Lei Zhai, room name Bao Song Room. There are many traces of the family drama, and its "Bao Song Room" is derived from the collection of Song Xuxi's "Cicada Butterfly Map", Mi Youren's "River Map", Li Gonglin's "Spring Feast Map" and Yan Wengui's "Summer Mountain Travel Map".
publication:
1. The second episode of "Sorrowful Leftover Ink", Xiling Printing Society, 23rd Year of the Republic of China (1934). 2. "Nanhua Dacheng", volume VI, Featherfish Fish, Kobunsha, Japan, 1937. 3. "Erjin Butterfly Hall Remains of Ink", Nishikawa Ning, ed., Erxuanshe, 1979. 4. Selected Works of Zhao Zhiqian, pp. 60-61, edited by Doru Kobayashi, Oriental Bookstore, Japan, 1990.
5. Zhao Zhiqian's Collected Calligraphy and Paintings (Part 1), pp. 12-15, People's Fine Arts Publishing House, 1991. 6. "Zhao Zhiqian Calligraphy and Painting Collection", Volume 2, Figure 19-21, Tianjin Ancient Books Publishing House, 1996. 7. The Biography of Zhao Zhiqian, p. 39, National Museum of History, 2002. 8. Zhao Zhiqian's Study (Part 1), p. 205, Rongbaozhai Publishing House, 2008.
Zhao Zhiqian's "Different Fish Diagram"
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This is a strange painting born more than 150 years ago, in which more than a dozen kinds of seafood are painted in one go, including the octopus we are familiar with, Pippi shrimp, manta rays, and aquatic products that are no longer eaten.
The painter from Shaoxing, because of the frequent wars and difficult livelihood, he took refuge in the coastal city of Wenzhou, was attracted by the strange things that have never been seen here, and left a series of paintings recording the novelties of Wenzhou and Ruian, which can be called "the works that have never been painted before, and there are no people who have come after".
This "Different Fish" is one of the most breathtaking masterpieces, and it is also the painter's favorite piece, which he has always carried with him and asked good friends everywhere to write inscriptions.
This painter is the prodigy in the art history of the late Qing Dynasty, Zhao Zhiqian
Zhao Zhiqian stone carving
In the history of late Qing art, Zhao Zhiqian (1829-1884) is undoubtedly one of the most important artists. In painting, he is a pioneer figure of the "Maritime Painting School", and the "Golden Stone Painting Style" created by his calligraphy and printing into painting has had a huge impact on the development of modern freehand flowers; in calligraphy, he is the most powerful practitioner of the qing Dynasty epigraphy theory, and the formation of his Weibei style of calligraphy has further improved the technical system of the stele school, thus becoming the first model of the Qing Dynasty to truly comprehensively study the stele in the right, line, seal, and subordinate bodies; in the seal carving, he has widely taken the law on the basis of his predecessors, integrated it, and "sought printing outside the Printing" The means creatively inherit Deng Shiru's creative mode of "printing from the book" and open up an unprecedented new realm. In modern times, Wu Changshuo, Qi Baishi and others have benefited a lot from other places.
But the life of this person is quite bumpy. In the thirtieth year of Qing Daoguang (1850), Zhao Zhiqian, who was twenty-two years old at the time, came to Hangzhou to avoid the rebellion of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and plotted in the curtain of Miao Zi (a native of Liyang, Jiangsu, an official at the end of the Qing Dynasty, and a prefect of Ningbo and Hangzhou), where he met many friends and made great progress in his knowledge. Ten years later, the war extended to Hangzhou, Miao Zi was killed in battle, and Miao Mu was disbanded.
In 1861, Zhao Zhiqian, who was forced by life, came to Wenzhou for the first time, found a temporary errand in Ruian, inspected the coastal defense affairs in Ruiyi, and made friends with a large number of celebrities and eunuchs at that time. Among them, the most close contacts are Jiang Xiang, Ding Wenwei, Chen Baoshan and others. Uncle Jiang Xiangzi is 11 years older than Zhao Zhiqian. Ding Wenwei is the blue uncle, 2 years older than Zhao Zhiqian, plus Zhao Zhiqian's uncle, all three of them are known for their Golden Stone calligraphy and painting in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, gather in Wenzhou, sing poetry, have close contacts, and are called brothers, then known as "The Three Uncles of Dong'ou", which is a good story.
◎ Jiang Xiang inscription
Thinning grass and trees, injecting insects and fish, not my uncle's business, but also in vain. Today's monster is not in the scales, but also in the seashore, Uncle This year's guest Ryan, both full of sight, can use the pen as a knife and do their best. Those who abandon their remnants to the sea will be reduced to ten hundred thousand different species of fish, and the painting will not be exhausted! When the uncle Fang Zuo Dong Ou Rong curtain, so remember so. Xin You, October 9, Cheung Chau Jiang Xiang.
Plutonium Seal: Uncle Jiang Tao (Zhu)
Note: Jiang Xiang (1818-1866) is a correct character, a word For Uncle. Sexual intelligence, pragmatic learning, through the history of the endowment. Zhao Zhiqian said in the "Shufu Shu Tang Poetry Record", "Jiangnan deformed people, minor officials in eastern Zhejiang, Yu brothers and elders Of Changzhou Jiang Tao Uncle." Jiang Shi is Zhao Zhiqian's new and new literary friend.
◎ Liu Yan inscription
Uncle Wenqi, Shiqi, and Painting Qi, from Rong Oudong, painted this volume of strange shapes, not for reason, curious, knowing that the chest has a strange atmosphere, which cannot be suppressed, driving the elves to run under the wrist. Rain to play, to break the stuffiness, a big pleasure. In the autumn of the Tongzhi Era, the day before july, Moling Liu Yanzhi.
Seal: Zi Jiu (Zhu) (borrowed name seal)
◎ Chen Baoshan inscription
The Sea Classic, the genus of fish scales, the names are different, the examiners are also very bitter, mostly strange shapes, and those who know less and see them are also good and rare. Uncle Angu, with the rest of the matter, remembers what he saw, and gathered into a volume, exhausted, and the real monster is also. The beginning of the realization of the greatness of heaven and earth, what is not there, and how can this monster be exhausted on the sea. Because of the number of words to return to. On the sixth day of the sixth month of the Xin Youla, Uncle Yu's elder brother Yue Zheng. Shengzhou brother Chen Baoshanshu.
Seal: By Zi Yu (Zhu)
Note: Chen Baoshan (1821-1889), zi yu. A native of Shexian County. He successively served as The County of Huangyan, Qiantang, gui'an and other counties in Zhejiang, and succeeded him as the alternate prefect of Zhejiang and the alternate governor of Fengtian. He is friendly with Zhao Zhiqian and often has poetry sung and sung. During Zhao's stay in Ou min, he took a lot of care of it, and there was a work "Four Screens of Grass and Trees in Ouzhong" as a gift.
During his time in Wenzhou, Zhao Zhiqian created a large number of fine works of calligraphy and painting. These works occupy an important place in the artistic process of his life. The most famous are the "Three Maps of Ouzhong","Ouzhong Grass and Wood Diagram" (now the Tokyo National Museum), "Alien Fish Map" and "Ouzhong Property Map" (now Zangrong Baozhai), depicting flowers and trees and strange sea products that Zhao Zhiqian had never seen before.
Zhao Zhiqian Ouzhong Property Map Volume
"Different Fish Diagram" is Zhao Zhiqian's painting based on his observations and news, combined with the records of the ancients, and the painting is not a specimen, but an artistic creation. The figure depicts 15 species of different fish, although jagged to the back, different sizes, but can be densely interlaced, complex but not chaotic, pen and pen life, things and things, there is a trend of one breath. The shape is accurate and vivid, the small ones are like the whipfish, the big ones are like sea pigs, and the rich ones are like eight-legged octopus, all of which are taken from the image and are very vibrant.
Chapter refusal: The big name stone refuses, also known as zhangju, chapter saw, shooting pedal, collectively known as octopus. Eight feet, the longest middle two feet, dense flesh on the feet such as mortar, mortar suction is extremely powerful, tide to be able to fix themselves with foot stones, there are tubes under the abdomen, breathing endlessly, the body is also constantly inflated, often pretending to die in shallow water, birds pecking, then raise their feet to eat, and can eat crabs. The great eat it, it is swollen, and if it is boiled in camphor wood, it is harmless. It is boneless and is different from the squid.
Sea pig: the native people call the sea pig fish on the head, the small ones are also hundreds of pounds, the meat is inedible, take it as oil, stir stirrups, flies do not dare to approach.
Sword shark: Long mouth like a sword, to the row of teeth, thorn people do not dare to approach. There are more than 100 species of sharks, this is the most peculiar, and the large lips are also three or four feet. Ghost Crab: Crab Spectrum contains Shen's son Crab Eater has a ghost-like back shell, and the distribution of eyebrows, mouth and nose is clear, and the cover is also this. The natives called the King Crab, or blasphemously, and changed their name to The King Crab. None of them are set as ghost crab clouds. Hu Hu: Commonly known as jumping fish, zhi called bomb paint. The points on the head are like stars, the eyes are prominent, the gathering is in the midst of thousands of people, the jump is endless, and the interval is also forward, such as a fierce shot covering the ground, a night, a look, the head of the head is north, and the cultivators are afraid of the same water.
Yan Lu: Fifty or sixty species of Stingray, this is the most peculiar.
Whipfish: Eyes at the waist, pure red color, according to this suspicion is the sheath fish.
Bamboo Packed Fish: Commonly known as tatami, an earthen snakehead, flounder also. When each tide is long, the fisherman paints it with his hands flat and shallow, marked with bamboo, and when the tide arrives, the fish is pasted in between, and the cone is taken according to the mark, and a cone must be seven or eight.
Fish: or as ?, also known as fish, toothed, soft as a boneless, can eat shrimp.
The smallest ones such as ghost crabs, stone slugs, and shrimps can also be accurately and vividly followed by the author, showing their fat and vivid state. The color is clear and clear, among which the sand and fish workers are dyed with dark and light ochre with boneless superimposed color, thick and light, and the curve is perfect. The sea pig and swallow fish workers are made by the method of ink rubbing and dyeing, which is layered and very textured. The different fish painted in this picture, no matter how big or small, have the inscription under it, and the book is small and large, the essence is introverted, quite golden and stone, for the widely seen and heard, the information is set, and the information of one party's property is sufficient.
Sha Xi: shaped like a cow and horse, hidden head, long and short depending on the shallow depth of the water, to the whiskers to float on the surface, suck fish and shrimp, out of the water is shrunken, no eyes and no skin, bone has consciousness.
Qin shrimp: shaped centipede, ancient called pipe shrimp, shrimp male. Scales and armor are all over the body and are subject to fish and fish, and they are equal in body and are swallowed up.
Tiger Crab: Native huhua crab, also known as monk crab.
Dice Fish: All over the body, only so big. Zhou Zamo 3456 points are prepared, but black and red and upper and lower digits are not fixed ears. Among the fish, this is the strangest and inedible.
In the history of painting, paintings such as "Different Fish Figures" belong to "naturalist painting" and have a deep tradition. As early as the pre-Qin era, there was a tradition of "nomenclature", one of which was to specialize in the "name of birds, animals, plants and trees"; in the field of painting, there was a class of literati painters specializing in paintings of "Meilan bamboo chrysanthemums, flowers, birds, insects and beasts", especially in the Ming and Qing dynasties, the "natural" painting style in the court became more and more prosperous; in the late Qing Dynasty, Guangzhou also appeared a kind of special export museum painting, which was painted by Chinese painters in accordance with the requirements of foreign businessmen. But few people paint marine life — ancient China paid little attention to the creatures in the vast ocean. Before Zhao Zhiqian, during the Kangxi Dynasty, there was a Hangzhou painter named Nie Huang, who had specially drawn a set of "Sea Mistake Maps". This atlas of marine life depicts more than 300 species of coastal flora and fauna, and is deeply loved by emperors such as Qianlong, Jiaqing, and Xuantong.
Qing Nie Huang Sea Fault Map (Partial)
Zhao Zhiqian's paintings changed the old habits of literati painters in the old times, and every time there were many sketches, the sights and eyes often took shape on paper and ink, so the subject matter was novel and unexpected. The "Different Fish Diagram" was written by Zhao Zhiqian in Rui'an when he was thirty-three years old, depicting various properties seen in the Wenzhou area of Gu'ou, and most of them were his first-time painters, and they were explained in the text or the long and short text next to it. The so-called "see the sea objects have strange shapes, miscellaneous pictures of this paper, interspersed for the name of examination." The late friend Hu Shu inscribed on the scroll and praised Zhao Zhiqian's painting as "enough to prepare a party property, and it is not comparable to ordinary sketches." ”
Hu Shu's title: Heterodox Chart. Tu Yi fish is not good Yi Ye, he fish does not wait for Tu Ye. Uncle Xiao Ying, long and versatile, has recently made great efforts to learn the world, and tries to do the rest, but this volume is enough to prepare a product, which is not comparable to ordinary sketching. Fang Jinsheng is on the top, a Chinese and foreign family, involved in the heavy ocean like walking on the ground, so that there is everything. Uncles, who follow what they see, will be widely seen and tested, not faster! In the spring twilight of the second year of Tongzhi (1863), Jixi Hu Shu inscribed and wrote down, and the same guests were all down.
Plutonium printing: shu printing, stability
This volume of calligraphy and painting is excellent, the pictures and texts complement each other and read together, and the vivid and vivid performance shows that Zhao Zhiqian's amazing talent in painting is a rare thing both then and today. This volume has also been handed over by Xu Zijing, Liu Shiheng, Lin Xiongguang and others, and has always been valued by collectors, and has been published many times, which is his masterpiece.