1. Basic knowledge of fire and water
1.1 Yin and Yang should be liked: The "Suwen • Yin and Yang should be like the Great Treatise" says: "Yin and yang, men and women of flesh; The left and right, the path of yin and yang; The one who is water and fire, the sign of yin and yang; Yin and Yang are the beginning of all things. So it is known: Yin is inside, and Yang is also guarded; The yang is outside, and the yin is also." When talking about the theory of yin and yang earlier, he simply mentioned the theory of yin and yang should be imaged. Now I will explain some of the yin and yang images to help you better understand the theory of water and fire.
The first type of yin and yang image is heaven and earth. "Yin and Yang, the way of heaven and earth", so heaven and earth are the symbols of yin and yang. Earlier, we talked about the problem of qi intercourse, the qi intersection of heaven and earth gives birth to three yin and three yang, with the sky as the yang and the earth as the yin, "the accumulated yang is the sky, and the accumulated yin is the earth". Later generations used the gossip to explain heaven and earth.
The second type of yin and yang image is turbidity. "Clear sun is heaven, turbid yin is earth". The ancients believed that the clear belonged to the yang and the turbid belonged to the yin.
The third type of yin and yang is cold and hot. "Cold is hot, hot is cold. The cold is cloudy, the heat is clear." Why is turbidity yin and heat yang? Because the cold is turbid, and the heat is clear. Therefore, cold and heat and turbidity are all related to yin and yang.
The fourth type of yin and yang is water and fire. Water is yin and fire is yang. Here we want to discuss the issue of fire and water in detail. In later generations, the Fuyang school represented by Zheng Qin'an or the Yiyi Huitong school used the two trigrams of Kanli to talk about water and fire. We all know that the trigrams ☵ in the gossip represent the water and ☲ fire of the world. Water and fire are a kind of yin and yang image, and Kanli is also a yin and yang image, and the use of Kanli to explain water and fire is an image solution.
The fifth type of yin and yang image is form qi. "Yang Qi Formation, Yin Formation". Qi is one of the images of yang, and the shape is one of the images of yin. The Suwen Yin and Yang should be like the Great Treatise says: "Water is yin, fire is yang." Yang is qi, yin is taste. Taste to form, form to qi; Qi is refined and refined is naturalized". "Yin for taste", "taste to form", so the form belongs to Yin; "Yang is qi" and "form is qi", so qi belongs to yang. We look at the great discussion of water and fire, one side is kidney qi, the other side is camp blood; On one side is qi, on the other side is shape.
The sixth type of yin and yang is qi and taste. Yang is qi, yin is taste, qi is a representative of yang, and taste is a representative of yin. The smell mentioned here is different from the four qi and five flavors in the medicinal properties. The medicinal four qi refers to cold and hot and cool, and the qi and taste here refer to our direct feelings. For example, when we get a medicinal herb or ingredient, taste means to taste it with the mouth, and qi means to smell with the nose. Yang is qi, taste is yin, yin things taste heavy, and yang things are heavy. For example, we all know that the spices in the kitchen, such as cinnamon, cloves, star anise, etc., are very heavy, and people feel pungent when they smell it. Of course, not all heavy qi represents yang, but there are many heavy qi yang.
The seventh type of yin and yang is blood and qi. "Yin and yang, men and women of flesh". Blood and qi represent yin and yang, and women and men also represent yin and yang. Because men are heavy on qi and women are heavy on blood, it is believed that "yin and yang, men and women of flesh and blood".
The eighth type of yin and yang is left and right. What does the text say? "The left and right, the path of yin and yang", indicating that the left and right sides of the human body are different. We have discussed this before, and we will discuss it in the future.
The ninth type of yin and yang is inner and outer image. "Yin is within, and Yang no Mori is also; Yang is outside, and Yin is also", so Yin is inside and Yang is outside. When we talk about the yin dimension and the yang dimension, we talked about the yang dimension veins on the outside of the body, so that the body can feel the heat field of the human body in the range of one to two millimeters; The yin dimension veins are inside, so yin is inside and yang is outside.
The tenth type of yin and yang is up and down. Why is up and down also a kind of yin and yang? "Yin taste comes out of the lower body, yang qi comes out of the upper body", so Chinese medicine believes that the upper body of a person is dominated by yang, and the lower body is dominated by yin. You can see left and right, inside and outside, up and down, all of which are yin and yang images.
1.2 Yin and Yang are more victorious, Yin and Yang are opposite: Earlier, we listed ten kinds of yin and yang, and then listed two kinds of yin and yang images, so that everyone can understand more deeply. In "Suwen • Yin and Yang Should Be Like the Great Treatise", it is proposed that "Yin and Yang are reversed" and "Yin and Yang are more victorious", and Yin and Yang are more victorious is the partial victory of Yin and Yang, such as Yin Victory is cold, Yang Victory is hot; Yin and yang counteraction means that clear yang cannot rise, and turbid yin cannot fall. The "Inner Canon of the Yellow Emperor" believes that yin and yang are more victorious is "the shape of disease", the shape refers to the body, and the person who wins yin is so cold that he shakes into a ball, which is the "shape"; signifier states, such as Yin Sheng people are very uncomfortable in winter, Yang Sheng people are very uncomfortable in summer. Yin wins over yang, and yin and yang are even more victorious, that is, "the form of disease". In the previous discussion of yin and yang, I have explained in detail that yin and yang are more victorious, and I will not repeat it here.
In the "Suwen • Yin and Yang Should Be Like the Great Treatise", it is said that "if the pure qi is below, it will be vented, and if the turbid qi is above, it will produce swelling, and this yin and yang will act backwards, and the disease will also be reversed." "Yin and yang reverse" specifically means that Qing Qi should rise, but when it falls to the lower abdomen, people will have diarrhea; The turbid gas should have fallen, but it swelled above the stomach and did not go down, which is called "clear yang reverse action", that is, the rebellion of disease. We call Taiyin Yangming "more virtual and more real, more negative and more subordinate", if the yin and yang are reversed, the clear qi is below, and the turbid qi is above, "this is chaotic qi". "Suwen • Yin and Yang Should Be Like the Great Theory" mainly puts forward two major diseases, one is the reverse of yin and yang, and the other is that yin and yang are more victorious. Yin and yang reverse action leads to "chaotic qi", such as gastroesophageal reflux disease.
The basics of yin and yang that we are talking about here. Elephants help us understand and think, and both inspired thinking and figurative thinking belong to the category of elephants. But what's behind the elephant? It is the law, which is what we call scientific thinking. We inspire our thinking with inspired thinking and image thinking; Use scientific thinking to refine our thinking, so I always emphasize that we must combine scientific thinking with inspired thinking and image thinking, and cannot always be limited to images, and do not confuse images. We can think about these issues, traditional Chinese medicine may not be able to accept the idea of the convergence of China and the West, but we can think about it, think about the problem I mentioned.
1.3 Chinese and Western convergence to solve yin and yang: we must first clarify yin and yang, this is a general direction, we have talked about a basic view of yin and yang theory: yin and yang represent the two basic functional states of human excitation and instigation, and also represent the two states of dissipation and self-organization of the human body. When we talk about a dissipative structure, the two processes of self-organization and dissipation must occur. First, on the dissipative structure. The so-called dissipation refers to our gasification activities, because a living body must carry out gasification activities to have life, without gasification is lifeless, only a corpse. Gasification activities are the process of consuming material and energy, such as we want to eat, drink water, consume food, and transform food into materials, energy and information. When we talk about "Yang Qi", we refer to this dissipation process, which is called gasification in Chinese medicine and metabolism in Western medicine. Secondly, on self-organization. Not only is our life dissipating, but it is also self-organizing. Because self-tissue does not occur, it cannot develop from a fertilized egg into a complete fetus. Even a fetus cannot grow without self-organization. The fetus continues to grow, become a mature individual, grow strong and old, this is a self-organization process, this is a process of continuous growth of the body, we call it "yin formation". So yin and yang represent our process of dissipation and self-organization, which constitutes a dissipative structure. The human body is a dissipative structure, eating and drinking Lasa every day, consuming matter and energy; But we still have self-organization, the body is constantly growing, and when it grows, it grows and dies. This process is what we call yang qi, yin formation, that is, the problem of form and qi.
2. Fresh water true fire
Earlier, we explained the basics of the theory of water and fire, and now we officially enter the core content of the theory of water and fire (see Figure 23-1).
| "Suwen • Yin and Yang Should Be Like the Great Treatise": Yin and Yang, men and women of flesh; The left and right, the path of yin and yang; The one who is water and fire, the sign of yin and yang; Yin and Yang are the beginning of all things. So it is known: Yin is inside, and Yang is also guarded; The yang is outside, and the yin is also. |
Figure 23-1 Fire and water theory  |
As we have said before, kidney deficiency is divided into three stages from shallow to deep: first, kidney qi deficiency, patients with kidney qi deficiency are manifested as backache, legs and other symptoms, at this time the symptoms of yin deficiency and yang deficiency are not obvious; The second stage is renal yin deficiency and kidney yang deficiency; Finally, there is a deficiency of kidney essence, involving the eight veins of the odd meridian. From kidney qi deficiency to kidney yin deficiency, kidney yang deficiency, and finally to kidney essence deficiency, this is the process of our illness. And what is the course of our lives? As we said in the chapter on understanding life, the birth of life is first of all the fight between two essences, and the sperm and egg receive each other, which is our innate essence, that is, kidney essence. Then the kidney refinement regenerates yin and yang, yin and yang transport the five elements, and with kidney refinement regenerates yin and yang, at this time there is kidney yin and kidney yang; Yin and yang Yun transformed the five elements, and new life was born. The process by which life arises is the opposite of how disease affects the human body.
Please pay attention to the understanding of life diagram (Figure 2-1): two essences fight, sperm and egg receive each other, new life begins from this, and then metamorphoses into kidney yin and kidney yang, this process we already know. However, the relationship between kidney yin and kidney yang metaplasia is not easy to understand, and today we will explain in detail the theory of water and fire.
Traditional Chinese medicine is used to use real fire to describe kidney yang and real water to describe kidney yin. Why use real fire to describe kidney yang and real water to describe kidney yin? Because in addition to real fire and guest fire, in addition to real water there is guest water. True fire refers to the yang qi in our body, and true water refers to the jin liquid in our body; And guest fire is evil fire, and guest water is evil water (phlegm drinking water wet). This involves the subject-object doctrine, the true fire is the lord, the true water is the lord, the guest fire is the guest, and the guest water is also the guest. In the future, in the Six Classics of Tumor Dialectic, we will talk in detail about the subject-object theory.
What is the relationship between real fire and real water? We call it "yang added to yin." What is "yang added to yin"? To give a few examples to illustrate: first, the weather is very hot in summer, the temperature of the sun acts on the mountains, lakes, and oceans on the ground, through the "yang added to the yin" of the sun's temperature, resulting in the water liquid being transpired to change into gas and rising into clouds, which is the "yang added to the yin". At the beginning, it was obviously water, and then it turned into qi, which is yang gas. The second simple example - cooking rice. Inside the pot is water, outside the pot is fire, water and fire are combined, yang is added to yin, and finally the rice is cooked. In this process, without fire, the rice will not cook; There was no water and the rice was not cooked. When the fire burns below, the water in the pot turns into gas, and white gas keeps coming out, which is "yang added to yin". What is Huahua? Variation! Turning water into qi is yang gas. The third example - sweating. The specimen method says that the normal sweating process of the human body is that the yang of less yin acts on the cold water of the sun, and the yang is added to the yin, and the sweat comes out. The fourth example of "yang to yin" - male erections. The process of male erection is "yang plus yin", the phase fire is launched, acting on the vagina, resulting in hyperemia of the corpus cavernosum of the penis, male erection, and sexual intercourse occurs. Through the above examples, we can help everyone understand what it means to "add yang to yin".
3. Yin and yang systematization
We often talk about "yang qi", so how does kidney qi come from, kidney qi is from kidney yang, without kidney yang, kidney qi will not be born. However, can only kidney yang have kidney qi? Apparently not. How is Yang gas achieved? "Yang is added to yin and "yin is transformed into qi", we call this process "yang to yin". Under normal conditions, the life activities of the kidney are performed by kidney qi, not kidney yin and kidney yang. The role of kidney qi is in the front, followed by kidney yin, kidney yang, and the last is kidney essence. Where does kidney qi come from? It comes through kidney yang qi. How does yang dissolve gas? "Yang is added to yin and "yin is transformed into qi", which is to transform yin with yang. Do you know why Jin Kui Kidney Qi Pills add cinnamon and aconite on the basis of three supplements (cooked land, yam, dogwood)? It is because "yang is added to yin", "yin is yang and becomes qi", this is the relationship between cinnamon, aconite and three supplements in Jin Kuang kidney qi pills.
The relationship between yang and yin is "yang added to yin", so what is the relationship between yin and yang? "Water and fire are called the system", and only when water makes fire can water and fire be beneficial. We talk about yin and yang system, and many people only know about the five elements system, but have never heard of yin and yang system. In fact, yin and yang also have a systematization relationship: "yang is added to yin", "water and fire are both beneficial and prescribed", this is yin and yang system. The previous talked about the relationship between yin and yang and men and women, "yin and yang, men and women of flesh and blood", men are heavy, we focused on male erections. Let's talk about women's menstruation to reveal the "system of fire and water". Menstruation is the sign of real fire, estrogen is yin in women, progesterone and androgen are yang, women are on fire after ovulation, and progesterone levels rise, resulting in an increase in women's body temperature. At the same time, progesterone leads to endometrial hyperplasia, development, and hyperemia, and when the level of progesterone withdraws, menstruation will occur. This is the generation process of women's menstruation, we call it "fire down blood", to look at the tip of the tongue when menstruation, menstruation is not down, the tip of the tongue is red, with ox knee 60g, soon menstruation can come down.
So what happened to the process of this "system"? Water and fire are both good - "water to make fire, and turn into blood", it has become "shape". When we talked about kidney qi earlier, we talked about qi, and "water to make fire, and blood to transform into blood" is talking about "shape". How does the Yin form form? Yang takes shape from yin, which is called yin formation. If the yang cannot be controlled by yin, it will become a floating fire, a false fire, and will only dissipate the body, become a person with a yin and a weak fire, and a thin body. Therefore, yin formation is formed by yang to yin, that is to say, water and fire are beneficial, water is used to make fire, metamorphosis blood, nourish the body, this is called yin formation.
Through the above explanation, we can understand "yin and yang, men and women of flesh". The process of yin becoming yang and turning into qi is called yang yin; The process of yang getting yin and taking shape is called yin and yang. Simply put, it is yang qi, yin formation, and then simply form and qi, or blood and qi.
4. Under the fire and blood, the gas rises to the water cloth; Fall has risen, rising has fallen
We go to the left along the line of camp blood in the Great Discussion of Water and Fire - the fire descends and the blood falls, and the descent has risen. Under the fire and blood, it is reflected in the inch of the left hand, corresponding to the heart, liver and kidney. First of all, if the yin does not control the yang, there will be guest fire inflammation, the fire of the heart, liver and kidneys, and the floating fire, we use scutellaria baicalensis, huanglian, and yellow cypress to treat. Among them, the heart fire has more than the use of huanglian, the liver fire has the surplus of scutellaria baicalensis, the kidney fire has the surplus of the yellow cedar, and these three medicines are used to pour out the guest fire of the heart, liver and kidney, that is, the evil fire. There is also a situation where ejiao is used for insufficient heart blood, white peony is used for insufficient liver blood, and rehmannia is used for insufficient sperm blood in the kidney. That is, three laxatives, three blood tonics. We set the pulse on the inch of the left hand, and the mantra is "under the fire and blood". After the fire has descended and blood has fallen, it must "descend and rise."
Let's look at Figure 23-1 again, go along the kidney qi to the right, let's talk about the qi rising water cloth, rising and falling. The inch ruler reflected in the right hand corresponds to the lungs, spleen and kidneys. According to our flat pulse method, the inch ruler of the right hand here corresponds to ephedra, white art, aconite, astragalus, ginseng, and yam. Among them, ephedra is used for the lungs as the source of water, white art is used for the spleen, and aconite is used for the kidney as the root of water. Therefore, clinically, if you encounter more than one disease of flooding with guest water, you can consider using ephedra, white art and aconite, and even use these three drugs together, and the effect is very rapid. For example, glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis, etc., manifested as evidence of water flooding, we use the pulse of the inch to determine ephedra, white art, aconite, to treat its excess water. For diseases with insufficient water, the use of astragalus, ginseng, yam can also solve the problem, such as the treatment of diabetes thirst, we can use astragalus, ginseng, yam, which is a common combination.
Why do diabetics have dry mouth and thirst? Use analogy to understand, such as the scorching sun, when the temperature is high, it will dry. The sun evaporates the water on the surface, turns the water into gas, and when it encounters a little cold air, it turns into a downpour and falls, which is rising and falling. Astragalus, ginseng, yam transpiration liquid, cold air is like a little coptis in the prescription. So we can use yam, astragalus, ginseng, and huanglian together to treat thirst. If the heat image is not heavy, use a little yellow link; If the heat image is heavy, it does not matter if you use Coptis in large doses.
What is the water on the far right in the picture? It's passenger water. When dealing with guest water in "Typhoid Miscellaneous Diseases", the commonly used medicine is "three diarrheas", that is, poria, pig ling, and ze diarrhea, to laxative guest water. Guest water refers to the sputum in the body drinking water.
5. Summary of the big talk of fire and water
We first talked about the twelve common images of yin and yang. "Yin and yang, men and women of flesh and qi", as shown in the Great Treatise of Water and Fire, blood is on the left and qi is on the right, which is the relationship between kidney yin and kidney yang; About men and women we talked about erections in men and menstruation in women. "The left and right, the path of yin and yang", we talked about the veins of the left and right hands. The "Suwen • Yin and Yang Ying Like the Great Treatise" specifically explains the problem of "left and right", "The sky is not enough in the northwest, so the northwest is also yin, and the right ear and eye of people are not as good as the left mingye." The land is not satisfied with the southeast, so the southeast is also yang, and the left hand and foot are not as strong as the right." The book says "northwest yin" and "southeast yang", so people's right ear is not as smart as the left ear, and cong is to hear, clear is to see; People's left hand and foot are not as strong as their right hand and foot, which is to explain the human body in terms of yin and yang.
"Water and fire, the signs of yin and yang", we talked about the relationship between true water and real fire. Zheng Qin'an or the Yi medical school used kan trigram and trigram to talk about water and fire, away from the middle void, kan zhongman, etc., because they learned from Taoism, and the Taoism of Sichuan had a profound influence on medicine. For example, you can read Zheng Qin'an's book, as well as Huang Yuanyu's "Four Sacred Heart Sources", and so on. We also have other discourses on yin and yang, such as "Yin is inside, Yang is guarded, Yang is outside, Yin is also the messenger", and so on. As for fire, it is generally said that there are two fires in human beings, the king fire and the life fire, and some say that there is a third kind of fire - phase fire, and we have repeatedly emphasized about aquatic wood and wood fire.
We have also talked about the theory of water and fire in spleen and stomach diseases, you can go to see my previous two papers "The Application of Water and Fire Theory in Spleen and Stomach Disease" and "Revisiting the Application of Water and Fire Theory in Spleen and Stomach Disease" (see the attached text at the end of the book for details). Regarding the application of the theory of water and fire in spleen and stomach diseases, I am based on the soil pole, which involves the problem of the five elements of the pole. The six sutra dialectics of tumors also talks about looking at water and fire with the soil pole, and those who are interested can read these two articles first to deepen their understanding of the theory of water and fire.
Form and qi are also an image of yin and yang. Yin forming, yang gas. How does yang dissolve gas? Yin becomes yang and becomes qi, which is yang to transform yin; How does Yin form? Yang is formed by yin, and yin loves yang. This is the system of yin and yang, the transformation of yang to yin, and the system of water and fire.
I don't want to be complicated, because then everyone is easy to confuse, I just tell you the most core and essence of things. Through the explanation of the theory of water and fire, I hope that we can understand several truths: the first is to understand the yin and yang, qi and blood, water and fire, and the relationship between men and women in our human body. The second is to understand the truth of the flat pulse method. There are two main principles of the flat pulse method, one is the nine-nine system, which we have already talked about in the flat pulse method; Another great theory of water and fire is what we talk about "yin and yang, men and women of flesh" and "water and fire, signs of yin and yang". The veins of the left and right hands correspond to: "Qi rises to the water cloth, fire descends blood, rises and falls, descends and rises." This is our mantra, from the "Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon • Yin and Yang Ying Xiangxiang Great Treatise". The third is to understand the essence of medical unification. Only by understanding the great theory of water and fire can we know the relationship between the Fuyang school, the Ziyin school, the Wen supplement school, and the evil attack school, and can we understand how these schools use the theory of water and fire to guide clinical practice.
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