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<h1 class= "pgc-h-center-line" > Lin Chong: from Zhang Fei's image to "handsome and angry"</h1>
In the past, on the Peking Opera stage, Mr. Li Shaochun's Lin Chong was the most famous, and now in the film and television drama, Liang Jiahui has played Lin Chong, the 1998 CCTV TV series, and Zhou Yemang's Lin Chong are very deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. These Lin Chong have one thing in common, their appearance is very handsome, and with a kind of literary atmosphere, they have the taste of cultural people and intellectuals, and even a little weak.
Of course, this image does not conform to the original work, the original book is written very clearly: "raw leopard head ring eyes, swallow collar tiger whiskers, eight feet long and short figure, thirty-four and five years old", Zhang Fei looks like, Lin Chong looks like what.
Lin Chong is like Zhang Fei's place, there are many in the original work, such as the second dozen Zhujiazhuang, Lin Chong's capture of the third lady, the most straightforward:
The spear of the eight snakes was tight, and the frost flower horses were frequently hissing. The mountains are full of xiao Zhang Fei, and the leopard head Lin Chong is.
In another place, before the burning of the hay field, there was a Li Xiao'er who sent a message to Lin Chong, who had an evaluation of Lin Chong's personality: "Lin Jiaotou is a person with an anxious personality, and if he can't touch it, he will kill people and set fires." This depicts not the character of Lin Chong in the novel, but it seems to be the character of Zhang Fei.
But the original book said that Lin Chong is like Zhang Fei, and in the film and television drama Lin Chong is handsome, it cannot be said that the film and television drama is not right. Because the plot about Lin Chong really makes people think that Lin Chong should be handsome and angry.
Why is that? This involves the evolution of Lin Chong's image.
Water Margin is a work accumulated over generations, and the stories of various good men of Liangshan have been circulated for a long time. However, according to the existing materials, Lin Chong was not an important person among the good men.
During the Southern Song Dynasty, the "Thirty-six Praises of the Song River" did not even have Lin Chong's name.
In the Yuan Dynasty script and miscellaneous dramas, there is Lin Chong's name, but there is no story. But perhaps there are stories but they have not been passed down, because the texts of secular literature are not easy to preserve, and only a small part of what we can see today is a very small part.
It is likely that in the Yuan Dynasty and even the early Ming Dynasty, there was a Lin Chong who imitated Zhang Fei's portrayal.
The setting of "Water Margin" is that there are many places to learn the Three Kingdoms. There are also five tiger generals, who got a Guan Sheng, said to be a descendant of Guan Yu; and then get a character like Zhang Fei, it is natural, Zhang Fei is a particularly popular figure in the Yuan Dynasty, not only is a super fierce general, but also some stories of him as a county official, Zhang Fei's case is a very rough and very fair and folk wisdom style - this part of the content is inherited by Li Kui in "Water Margin".
When the "Water Margin" was officially formed (the earliest "Water Margin" we see now was in the late Ming Dynasty), Lin Chong repeatedly endured, and the story of being forced to go to Liangshan was created. Therefore, the Lin Chong we see now is the most remarkable creation of the author of "Water Margin".
As soon as this story appeared, it turned out that those elements of Lin Chong's body like Zhang Fei could not be used. The leopard head ring eyes and the Zhangba snake spear are the remnants of Zhang Fei's version of Lin Chong that have not been deleted.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-center-line" > the weight of "eight hundred thousand forbidden army leaders": history cannot be compared with history</h1>
What are the characteristics of Lin Chong in "Water Margin"?
His identity is that of the leader of the Eight Hundred Thousand Forbidden Army. Maybe friends have been popularized by many people, and the forbidden army of the Song Dynasty is not high in status. But I think that some teachers who talk about "Water Margin" may overlook the fact that the head of the church may indeed not have a high status, but the author of "Water Margin" does not think so.
Because the social status of Shi Nai'an and Luo Guanzhong is very humble, and the cultural level is also limited--I have repeatedly emphasized that the cultural level and the literary level are two different things. He also had no concept of the bureaucracy of antiquity. Let's take the history and compare it to the truth:
The head of the church is indeed not a great identity, not even an official.
Lu Daru ti jurisdiction, ti jurisdiction of this official, at least two meanings that are not next to each other at all: he may be a middle-ranking military attaché, the whole process of "ti jurisdiction of the soldiers and thieves official"; it may also be the small officer in charge of the procurement of various materials in the government, that is, the "chief secretary", Naruda is an officer or a secretary, the book introduces that he is an officer, but he went to buy meat with Zheng Tu, Zheng Tu is not surprised why he is an officer who would come to do procurement, and Lu Da's means of blackmailing and tossing the butcher are so skilled, just like the chief secretary.
Yang Zhi Yang system envoy, the full name of the palace front division system envoy, this is the local military commander. But the feelings you feel when you read "Water Margin", the teaching head, the jurisdiction, and the system seem to be about the same size.
There is also a detail that can also reflect the status of the head of the gods in the mind of the author of "Water Margin":
The head of the 800,000 forbidden army guns and sticks of the imperial court is being trained by the Zhengzhou regiment, surnamed Wang, double name Wen Bin, this humanistic and martial arts, wisdom and courage are fully prepared, will take more than 10,000 people from the Beijing Division, send the people's vehicles, escort the clothes and 500,000 collars, and go to the Song pioneer army to deliver...
There is no boundary between the godhead and the general.
Suppose, today, there is a man who, in his opinion, is a very big official; you ask him, what about the governor? Also a very large official; which is the village chief or the governor? Anyway, it's all very big, why do you divide it so clearly?
The author of "Water Margin" probably has such a perception of society.
That is to say, there is too much historical knowledge, and reading "Water Margin" is sometimes an obstacle. To understand the character of Lin Chong in "Water Margin", we must forget the knowledge that the status of the head of the church in history is not high. According to the description of the novel, Lin Chong's income is obviously not low, the work is also very idle, Lin Chong bought a treasure knife, and the psychological activity is even like this:
Lin Chong turned the knife over and looked at it once, and applauded: "A good knife!" There was a sword in Gao Taiwei's mansion, and he refused to teach people to see it. I borrowed it several times, but I refused to come out. Today I also bought this good knife and slowly competed with him. ”
It seems that he also has direct contacts with senior leaders such as Gao Li, and he can also open his mouth to borrow the treasures of the leader's family, and the leader does not agree to fight with the leader, is this status still low?
<h1 class= "pgc-h-center-line" > Lin Chong and Wang Jin</h1>
Lin Chong is also very nostalgic for his life, so much so that he extremely refuses to accept change. The wife was favored by Gao Yunei, cheating, planting, and framing step by step, but his vigilance was very low. It is not so much that the IQ is anxious, but rather that once he admits that the other party must take away his wife and must put himself to death, then he must give up his current life, he is really reluctant to do so, so he would rather deceive himself, it is okay, this matter has passed is the past.
"Water Margin" also wrote another character, almost deliberately contrasted with Lin Chong: that is, at the beginning of the novel, there was a Wang Jin, who was also the leader of the 800,000 Forbidden Army, and Gao Li wanted to frame Wang Jin, and Wang Jin's first reaction was to take the old woman and leave quickly, so he was not killed.
There is a sequel to the "Water Margin" called "Dang Kou Zhi", and the author of "Dang Kou Zhi", Yu Wanchun, believes that the bandits on Liangshan should be completely destroyed, so in order to prove that Lin Chong deserves it, he designed a plot, so that Wang Jin, as a general of the imperial court, came to attack Liangshan, and Lin Chong fought for a day, and the two people had such a dialogue:
Lin Chong was still angry, and seeing that Wang Jin could not retreat, he also turned his horse's head and looked at Wang Jin: "And when I change horses, I will share a victory or defeat with you." ”
Wang Jin laughed and said, "Today's victory and defeat have already been divided, so why divide the victory and defeat again." ”
Lin Chongyuan narrowed his eyes and said, "How do you say this?" ”
Wang Jin said, "What do you say?" When I was in Tokyo, I smelled that you had some skills. Later, when I was in Yan'an, I heard that you acted as a godhead, and said that you had violated the royal law and stabbed the distant place, and that you had defected to Liangshan and become a bandit. I only said that you are a vulgar, but you know a little bit about guns, and today you look at your martial arts, and you are really strong. Only hate that you don't have eyeballs, the first half of your life served the second year of high school, eat some military criminals and demons; the second half of your life returned to Song Jiang, fell into the reputation of a strongman, buried your life's ability, and suffered a lot of pickles. Up to now, your cottage is in danger at present, under the table, is there a finished egg? My king jin became a famous general in the imperial court, and you Lin Chong were imprisoned prisoners, and you were born the same way, which turned into two general endings, but it was a pity to be frightened! ”
Lin Chong said, "This matter has been mentioned." The court used traitors to harm the good people until there was no way out, so they had to give their lives. You haven't tasted it and said something. ”
Wang Jin laughed and said, "A good self-improvement, now all of them are not allowed, only teach your own thoughts!" As for your saying that I have not tasted it myself, it shows that you have been confused for a lifetime. What you do is the head of the Dian Shuai Mansion, and what I do is also the head of the Dian Shuai Mansion; you are under the discipline of Gao Qi, and I am also under the control of Gao Li; if Gao Li wants to cause trouble to harm you, why doesn't Gao Li have trouble and harm me? I'm just a little more knowledgeable than you. I don't understand that you are a good man, and you have seen a little nothing: stepping on the mechanism, you will not dodge; you are approaching the trap, and you are still swimming. As a result, the prisoners were tortured, and they suffered a lot; they were degraded and imprisoned, and they suffered countless shames. Thieves with the army, everyone scolded; good family voice, everyone is ashamed. That is, compared with you and me, the abyss is hanging. This is the end of the day, and Hugh has come to rebuke you. But it is strange that after you have fallen, you have no idea of showing up, no ambition, regardless of etiquette and righteousness, and actually fall into the green forest. Have you given up this road, and there is no other way to find? Let's just say that it is a last resort, temporarily accommodate yourself, and think of a way out of the way earlier. When the dynasty says Zhao'an, it is late to plunder the prefectures and counties; it is late to say Zhao'an, and it is to rob the villages, and such places, will there be a day to emerge? ”
When Lin Chong heard this, he roared loudly, his face was white, his eyes were inserted, and the snake spear in his hand was unconsciously thrown to the ground, and he fell on his back.
Does Wang Jin have a point in saying this? It can't be said that it is unreasonable, if Lin Chong can flirt with his wife in Gao Ya, leave Tokyo City at the first time, and also go to a place on the border to join the army, the situation will indeed be better.
But there's one biggest problem with Wang Jin's logic: he demands that Lin Chong be the perfect victim, and you miss the best time to escape the disaster, so you deserve to suffer. But nostalgia for the life they are accustomed to, afraid of giving up everything they have, and not being able to force yourself to change completely at once, is not a very common phenomenon in life? According to the logic of Wang Jin (actually Yu Wanchun), there are too many people in this world who do not deserve to live.
Lin Chong in "Water Margin" is not a cute image to be honest.
For example, his attitude towards his wife is actually not good. Gao Yanei tricked Lady Lin into Lu Qian's house, Lin Chong arrived in time, and Gao Yanei fled. The dialogue between Lin Chong and Lin Niangzi is:
Lin Chong went upstairs, couldn't find Gao Ya Nei, and asked the lady, Have you ever been defiled by this? The lady said, "No." ”
A woman has just experienced such a thing, and when her husband arrives, she asks such a sentence, not to comfort and say that it is all right, not to care, but to ask whether she has been "stained". Of course, Lin Chong loves his wife, but it is still a piece of property, and my property cannot be touched by others.
There is also the understanding of the letter of hugh. Before Lin Chongfa was matched, he wrote a letter of resignation to his wife, which included the following sentences: "There is a wife Zhang Shi who is young, and is willing to establish this letter of resignation, and he will never argue with him to remarry." Commission is self-wishing, that is, not coercive. ”
We know that in ancient times and today, unlike today, couples whose feelings are not compatible and therefore divorced, are rare. At the bottom of society, men are too poor to survive, and sell their wives, but this kind of thing is very common. When selling his wife, writing a letter of resignation is actually announcing the abandonment of property rights, so in the ancient book of resignation, "let yourself remarry, never dispute" is actually a cliché.
This is lin chong's intention to cut off the relationship with his wife, and you Gao Ya nei wants her to have nothing to do with me from now on, so that the Gao family will not hurt themselves again. Of course, this statement is also to relieve the wife of her obligation to keep her husband's chastity, so that she can more easily accept Gao Yunei, and must say that it is for the sake of the wife, it is also OK.
Also, Lin Chong's personality is much more cruel in the original work than in later film and television dramas. Lin Chong went up to Liangshan, wang Lun asked Lin Chong to hand over the name, that is, to kill a person, Lin Chong did not hesitate.
On the first day, "from morning to dusk, I waited for a day, and not a single lone guest passed by." ”
The next day, "after noon, a group of about three hundred guests passed by. Lin Chong did not dare to move his hands and let him pass. ”
On the third day, he met Yang Zhi, a blue-faced beast.
That is to say, in these three days, whenever a single guest with no ability passes by, Lin Chong will also kill people.
Since Lin Chong is to get the life he wants and doesn't mind sacrificing others so much, we can even ask a question, if Gao Yunei is interested in Lu Qian's wife, if Lin Chong wants Lin Chong to frame Lu Qian, will Lin Chong do it?
I have no answer to this question, but what I want to say is that even if Lin Chong is not a noble person, he was killed by Gao Qi, he is still innocent. Although Lin Chong in the original work is not so cute, it is real, complex and profound, and it should still be said that it is an excellent literary image.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-center-line" > Lin Chong after "Water Margin"</h1>
Seeing a glorified self being abused in various ways is such a tragedy moving. ——Therefore, the appearance of the familiar handsome Wenxiu version of Lin Chong is actually doomed.
After "Water Margin" was handed down, the creation of beautifying Lin Chong immediately appeared, and it appeared endlessly.
The most famous is a play called "The Book of the Sword" created by Li Kaixian in the Ming Dynasty.
Li Kaixian was a scholar in the eighth year of Jiajing (1529), which means that this person's cultural level is much higher than that of the author of "Water Margin". Although opera was considered a genre that did not matter if it was okay to make some common sense mistakes, he could not help but modify Lin Chong's identity: Lin Chong was born into a family of officials and eunuchs, and was awarded the title of Zhenxi Ruler for his meritorious achievements in the Rebellion of The Square La. Lin Chong was not accustomed to Gao Li, Tong Guan, and other traitors "playing with authority and stealing famous instruments", and wrote a letter of advice, which was why he was appointed as the head of the forbidden army.
In this way, between Lin Chong and Gao Li, there is clearly the theme of the conflict between loyal and traitorous subjects, in fact, in "Water Margin", Lin Chong and Gao Li originally had a good relationship, so they will lack vigilance for a long time. In fact, the original version of "Water Margin" may have more of a life texture, but the version of "The Book of the Sword" Lin Chong is obviously much more highlighted.
The plot of "The Book of the Sword" has changed greatly, and later adaptations generally do not follow his coming, but Gao Li's persecution of Lin Chong is the persecution of loyal subjects by traitors, not just the ravages of the strong against the weak, and this setting is continued. In the Famous "Snow Drifting" section in the Peking Opera "Wild Boar Forest", Lin Chong sang "Ambition to pull the galaxy back" and "Curse the Treacherous Thief Temple Wide", which is the ambition that Lin Chong did not have in "Water Margin".
In this play, Lin Niangzi (called Zhang Zhenniang) shines brightly and writes Lin Chong's family life happier, which is also what various later adaptations must tell.
But there is a version of the most special Lin Chong, which is the Peking Opera "Forced to Liangshan" arranged by the Yan'an Ping Theater during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (because Beijing changed its name to Beiping, Peking Opera was also called Ping opera).
In 1944, Mao Zedong spoke very highly of this new Peking Opera and personally wrote a letter of congratulations to the main creators.
In this play, Lin Chong teaches Gao Li that "tunnel warfare" should be used against the Khitan cavalry:
This "trench-piercing tactic" began in the fifth generation, when Shi Jingtang surrendered to the Khitan and Yelü Deguang invaded the Central Plains, and the Khitan cavalry was very fierce, trampling the Chinese farmland into a flat land, and it was our Chinese people who resisted the enemy, digging this farmland into ditches everywhere, setting up ambushes everywhere, and the enemy soldiers were attacked everywhere, so he did not dare to invade the Central Plains again, and if he wanted to defeat the foreign Kou, he had to do this trench-piercing tactics!
After distributing Cangzhou, he learned from Huang Lao, a veteran of the hay field, about the corruption of the government and the suffering of the people:
Huang -- You said that this hay field is a military necessity, but people who are officials are thousands of miles for officials only for money, this soldier is in chaos, the officials who do this side of the defense, who do not know is to hurry up and grab the idea, but when the wind blows the grass, pull the legs and run, take this hay field, is not it still a signboard, so as to squeeze the oil and water of the common people? Military supplies are not military supplies, people don't care about that set!
Lin - According to you, is this hay field also a failure to squeeze the people?
Huang - Alas, do you want to go above the lobby, one does not plant sorghum, the other does not grow black beans, does not squeeze the common people what they eat? The rule of collecting hay is five liters of grain per mu of land, fifteen catties of hay, and now in the name of Jinliao fighting a war and eating tight border defense, you don't know, the bucket in this fight is two liters bigger, the scale is plus three big scales, this is not counted, if the households that deliver the hay don't spend a little money on the management field first, they tell you to wait for three days and don't collect it, and you see what is in this hay field? The hay pile is rotten in that tide, and they can steal and sell it into their pockets without permission, but the people can't pay less!
In the end, Lin Chong and the people killed the general Zhou and Lu Qian and defected to Liangshan.
Speaking of which, this Lin Chong, who mingled with the working people and was fierce and strategic, if he looked like a leopard with a head ring and an eye holding a spear of eight snakes, it was also reasonable.
(This article is only the author's personal opinion and does not represent the position of this newspaper)
Liu Bo
![There are 3 good men in name on Liangshan, whose nicknames and fate are completely opposite, and the ending is also inexplicable[fig]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)