In February 2019, the author wrote an article entitled "Jingbian Discovery of the Seven Stars of the Big Dipper And Pointed to the Yellow Emperor's Tomb in the History Books", which was disseminated by the media in the province and caused repercussions throughout the country. After seeing the report, Ji Yingming, the 183rd grandson of the Yellow Emperor of Xuanyuan and the son of Emperor Jizong, came to the "Yellow Emperor's Tomb" in Gaojiagou in Jingbian for the first time, and crawled sincerely: "Ji Zongzi has finally found the real tomb of the Xuanyuan Saint Emperor!"
Baiyuan Mountain Miao Zhuang photographed
Xuanyuan Yellow Emperor originated in northern Shaanxi, just from the number of Yangshao cultural sites, the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi is indeed the center stage of China's five-thousand-year civilization, and the landscape of Yulin has left a deep imprint of Xuanyuan Yellow Emperor and his tribes.
Heavenly And Yellow Heaven special stage
The Loess Plateau is a miracle of the creation of the earth, a geographical grand view unique to China and unique in the world, and this is a special stage specially made by The Heavens for the Chinese nation.
According to geological data, about 3.6 million years ago, the fourth strong uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau changed the world's climate environment and formed the largest monsoon system on earth. In the strong transport of the north and westerly wind belts, particulate matter in the Gobi Desert of the northwest hemisphere was blown up and fell all the way to the southeast, day after day, year after year, accumulating vast and deep loess in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River. The concept of the new Loess Plateau region was delineated in the 1980s, that is, the Riyue Mountain - east of helan Mountain, north of Qinling Mountains, south of Yin Mountain, west of Taihang Mountain, spanning about 11 longitudes, 6 latitudes, and an area of more than 600,000 square kilometers. However, in history, the "Loess Plateau" with strict topographical significance only includes a large area of loess contiguous area of about 400,000 square kilometers south of the ming Great Wall. In this area, the western slope of the Lüliang Mountains runs west through the Northern Shaanxi Plateau to the northeast foothills of the Liupan Mountains in Gansu, and the loess soil of about 500 kilometers from east to west is a continuous cover layer, covering the low mountains and watersheds, filling in river valleys and basins, which is the rich and mysterious Ancient Yongzhou Land.
Photo by Wang Zhicheng
The Loess Plateau is located in the second-level terrace of China, what kind of living environment can it provide for early humans? From the perspective of the most basic needs of human survival, it can be basically met here, especially in northern Shaanxi.
In the summer and autumn in northern Shaanxi, the rains and hot periods are hot, and the plants grow vigorously, which can provide people with more food. Loess is easy to cultivate, and prehistoric humans can use simple wooden, bone, and stone tools to turn over the soil for cultivation. Loess has good uprightness, should be "cave dwelling", can shelter prehistoric people from the wind and cold, and there is no major flood worry on the mountain. Loess does not need to be fertilized and "self-fertilized", the monsoon carries the loess non-stop for many years, and the new loess has been "self-fertilizing". After inspecting the Loess Plateau at the beginning of the last century, American geologist Pomboli said with emotion: "In China's vast loess belt, crops have been planted year after year for thousands of years without artificial fertilization." It is on top of this type of soil that dense populations tend to continue to grow to the limits of their powerful life-supporting capacity. At the same time, the Loess Plateau is a vast area, which seems to be lined with hills and ravines, but there is no insurmountable geographical separation between various small areas, and when environmental changes or disasters occur, people always have room to migrate and maneuver.
The special feature of the geography of northern Shaanxi is that it is located in the "several" bends of the Yellow River and the big river loop, which is a staggered area of farming and nomadic industries. The Yellow River is surrounded on three sides, with first- and second-level tributaries as dense as cobwebs, and geographical units such as loess, desert, plateau, hills, grasslands, wetlands, salt lakes, inland lakes, and inland rivers are all in unison. When prehistoric humans farmed on this land, they could also collect, fish, livestock and hunt, which was the most suitable place for survival and life.
Yamazawa salt iron The root of Chinese civilization
In northern Shaanxi, we need to pay special attention to a magical mountain- Baiyuan Mountain, a mountain with mountains and salt and iron benefits. The main peak of Baiyuan Mountain is more than 1900 meters above sea level, and it is reduced to more than 1500 meters in turn to the east. During the Song Dynasty, it was called Hengshan, which refers to the Ordos Desert in the north, the north of Yan'an in the south, the northeast foothills of Liupan Mountain in the northwest, and the shenmu in the east, which stretches more than 500 kilometers from east to west. According to Mr. Ji Yingming, the ancestral tradition of The Ji Clan is "Bai Yu Shan" (written by modern people, also known as "Bai Yu Shan", and this article is unified as "Bai Yu Shan". The word "Yu" was originally "圉", called "Baiyuan Mountain", which originally meant to look up at the mountains surrounded by a circle of snow lines, and later extended to a place where horses were forbidden, stopped, and raised. This mountain of the roots of the Chinese nation has witnessed, loved and blessed the development and growth of the ancestors and grandchildren of China. It is a father's mountain, a great mountain, a hero's mountain.
Baiyuan Mountain residence Miao Zhuang photographed
Baiyuan Mountain, as early as the "Classic of Mountains and Seas" has been recorded: "Two hundred and fifty miles to the west, known as Baiyuan Mountain... Luoshui flows out of its yang, while the east flows into Wei; The water comes out of its yin, and the east flows into the raw water." Bordered by the Longdong Plateau in Gansu, Baiyuan Mountain belongs to the same geographical unit, winding from east to west and towering from north to south. Song Zhong said: "Hengshan (Baiyuan Mountain) stretches for thousands of miles, many horses and crops, the characters are fierce and good at war, and there is the benefit of salt and iron, and the Xia people live by it." Longdong and Shaanxi about 100,000 square kilometers of land, ancient "Yongzhou", and the rivers most closely related to the chinese nation's childhood originated from this mountain. To the north of the Baiyuan Mountain watershed is a meandering hilly stream that connects to the vast Hetao Plain, and to the south is a long strip of mountain beams and ravines. The rivers originating from the southern slope are Yanhe River directly into the Yellow River, and Jingshui and Luoshui are merged into Weishui in the south; The rivers originating from the eastern slope are dali river, xiaoli river, Huaining river into the Wuding River, and Xiuyan River east into the Yellow River; The rivers that originate from the northern slope are the Hongliu River and the Lu River, which flow from south to north into the Wuding River. The Hailiu Rabbit River and the Yuxi River flow from the desert in the north to the south into the Wuding River. This is only the first and second tributary of the Yellow River on the Baiyuan Mountains, and the Baiyuan Mountains are full of ravines and hundreds of streams, and the settlements of the Yellow Emperor clan are embedded in the dense cobwebs of the river terraces.
Photo by Li Shengcheng, a tributary of the LuoHe River in Baiyuan Mountain
Let's know the three rivers of Luoshui, Jingshui and Wudinghe. Luoshui, originating from the southern foothills of the main peak of Dingbian Baiyuan Mountain, has a length of 680.3 kilometers, passing through the loess plateau area and the Guanzhong Plain, two major topographic units, is the longest river in Shaanxi and occupies an important position in the development of Chinese civilization. Luo Shui is often recorded in the Classic of Mountains and Seas, and the Yi Zhi Zhi Shang Yun: "The river is out of the map, Luo is out of the book, and the saint is out of it." "History of Feng Zen Book": "The residence of the past three generations was between the river and Luo". "History of the Xiongnu Column": "(Inuyasha) lived between Jing and Wei, and invaded China". "Jin Wen Gong Rong Zhai, living between Hexi And Luo, was called Chi Zhai and Bai Zhai." The "訚" here refers to the "訚水", which is today's Wuding River. "Ming Yi Tongzhi": Wuding River, a luxury Yanshui, also known as Xuan shui. Probably in ancient times, the tributaries of the Wuding River were of different origins and the same stream, each with its own name, not mixed, and after the confluence, its names were mutually called. In ancient books, when recording the story of the Yellow Emperor, Luoshui is often mentioned, the Yellow Emperor "sacrificed to Luoshui", "sat in Luoshui", "swam in Luoshui", etc., but Luoshui is also a river with more confusion and chaos in the history of the Han Dynasty, and people know more about the Luohe River in Henan, but they do not know that northern Shaanxi is the hometown of the Luohe River. According to the scholar of literature and history, Mr. Kou Yunlong, in the article "Heluo kao", "during the Western Han Dynasty, the South Luo River (Henan) was called luohe, and the northern Luoshui was called Luoshui." Mr. Kou quoted: Qing Wangjun's "Reading Correction of Sayings and Sentences" said: "Xu Jun (Xu Shen) but said that Shaanxi and Gansu Luo, henan Luo Ben did not follow the water. He further quoted Duan Yu's "Small Notes": "Since the beginning of Wei Andhuang, yongzhou is called 'Luo', Yuzhou Yiluo is written as 'Luo', there is no confusion, and after Huang Chu (220~226), it is chaotic. "What causes confusion? "Wei Liu" said: "Wei takes the order of the line as the soil, the water is strong, the water is the soil and the flow, the soil is the water and the soft, so in addition to the 'good' plus the 'water', change the 'luo' to 'Luo'." Originally, according to the Five Elements of Yin and Yang in China since ancient times, dynasties correspond to one of the elements of the five elements, and rise and fall in the order of wood, fire, earth, gold and water, which is the change of the "order of action" of the dynasty. The Han Dynasty Chenghuo De, the Cao Wei Dynasty Han Chengtu De, is orthodox. Emperor Cao Wen changed the original "Luohe" character in Henan to "Jia" and "water" to "Luohe", which was very clear in the eyes of Qing Dynasty philologists. However, this change caused confusion among later generations, and some people deliberately muddyed the waters and moved the prehistoric history students of the "Luohe" basin in Yongzhou to Yuzhou, saying that "the cultural center of the Yellow Emperor is in Henan" and "the source of Chinese civilization is in Henan", etc. The search for the historical source of the Development of the Yellow Emperor clan is reversed, resulting in a series of confusion in the understanding of the ancient history of Chinese civilization.
Wuding River in Hengshan District Photographed by Wang Zhicheng
The vast area north of Baiyuan Mountain was also the "Henan" of the Qin and Han Dynasties. In 215 B.C., "It was the envoy who sent 300,000 people from the north to Rong Di and took Henan." Qin set up more than thirty counties here, and the area south of the Yin Mountains was brought under the control of the Qin state. In the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of han launched a battle for Henan against the Xiongnu and recovered the land of Henan. Therefore, the historical Henan is far from the current Henan, and the two have nothing to do with each other. After Henan was divided into Shuofang County, Shangjun, Beidi County, etc., the title of Henan in this specific period gradually withdrew from the historical stage.
Jingshui is as old as Luoshui. "Classic of Mountains and Seas, West Mountain Classic": "Fifty-five miles to the west, the mountain of jing valley, the water of Jing, the southeast flow of Yu Wei." Gu Zuyu's "Minutes of Reading The History of Public Opinion": "Jingshui came out of the Jing Valley of the Mountains forty Miles Southwest of Pingliang Province", that is, the old Longtan under the Liupan Mountains in the southwest of present-day Jingyuan County. It flows from northwest to southeast, through 13 counties in Ningxia, Gansu and Shaanxi provinces, and northeast of Gaoling into the Wei River, with a total length of 450 kilometers and a basin area of 47,800 square kilometers. The Longdong region is the upper reaches of the Jing River, and in prehistory was the place where the Yellow Emperor had xiong activities, they lived in the Jing and Luo river valleys, and established their own homeland and state here. In fact, Jingshui also has a northern source, that is, the southern foothills of the main peak of the Baiyuan Mountain in northern Shaanxi, which originates from several tributaries of Jingshui, and the water flow is turbulent, crossing thousands of mountains and mountains on the plateau, and rushing hundreds of kilometers into the main stream of Longdongjing.
The Wuding River is a first-class tributary of the Yellow River, with a wind-inverted tree-like water system, spreading out throughout Yulin from northwest to southeast, and its trunk is inserted into the Yellow River. Originating from the northern foothills of Baiyuan Mountain, it flows north through Dingbian and Jingbian, flows north into Wushen Banner in Inner Mongolia, then turns east into the Jingbian North Wind and Sand Area, flows through the Seven Counties District of Yulin City, and flows into the Yellow River in the Jinshan Gorge at Qingjian. There are two tributaries in the north of the Wuding River, three tributaries in the west and south, and many tributaries in the river network in the Loess Area, with more than 50 ditches above 10 kilometers and more than 140 ditches above 5 kilometers. The total length of the main stream is 491 kilometers, and the basin area is more than 30,000 square kilometers. The river basin is vast and the soil veins are fertile, the oases are dotted, and the agriculture and animal husbandry are suitable.
Jingshui, Luoshui, Wuding River, Baiyuan Mountain "Three Rivers" record the history of the birth and development of the Chinese nation, and tell the long and splendid legend of Chinese civilization.
Compared with grain, there is one more important monopoly in the Loess Plateau, which is salt. Salt is an extremely important survival resource for people on the Loess Plateau, and there are Yuncheng Jiechi in Shanxi in the east and Dingbiantan Salt Lake in the west, all of which have played a special role in the emergence of Chinese civilization. Dingbian Yanchi in northern Shaanxi is located in a very unique area, the plateau and the desert are connected, and the Great Wall and the east and west of China and other rain lines pass through, which has been a place of contention since ancient times. With the two magic weapons of salt lake and loess soil, the Loess Plateau attracted early humans to multiply and gradually formed and developed early Chinese civilization. Therefore, some scholars say that loess and salt provide an extremely important driving force for the formation of Chinese civilization, and also profoundly affect the direction of Chinese history, and salt is a key to understanding history. Some experts have researched that the historical "yellow blood war" is actually a war for salt. Our ancestors migrated to the earth after salt, thus creating a different history.
The hometown of the Yellow Emperor's tribe
Deep loess, snow-white salt ponds, plateau rivers, pots of energy. All this seems to be a "stage" that the heavens have gathered thousands of loves and carefully shaped, just waiting for the arrival of the master and writing an endless chapter of civilization in the long river of human history.
Dingbian Salt Pond Photographed by Li Shengcheng
Therefore, our ancestors came to the northern Shaanxi Plateau early. 50,000 to 37,000 years ago, the Wuding River Basin lived in the "Hetao people", and fossils such as ancient human frontal bones, parietal bones, and occipital bones were found within 40 kilometers of the banks of the Hongliu River. Huachi in the Longdong Plateau unearthed China's first Paleolithic core, 18,000 years old, and even a 100,000-year-old quartzite scraper was found. These two places are in the Same Yongzhou Hengshan Mountain Range, only more than 100 kilometers apart, I am afraid it is not accidental! A staggering number of human remains of the Yangshao culture have been found in the first and second tributaries of the Yellow River and on the banks of countless rivers in Yulin's 12 counties. The Yangshao Cultural Site in the Hengshan Great Ancient Boundary in the Wuding River Basin of Yulin has unearthed pottery from 7,000 years ago. The Yulin area "became one of the areas with extraordinary prosperity of human activities in China by the late Yangshao period, and the density of sites in the late Neolithic period ranked among the top in the country, and the density of sites in some areas was close to the density of modern settlements" ("Time and Space Changes of Holocene Settlements in Yulin Area and the Relationship between Man and Land", Hu Ke et al.), this conclusion is still based on the data of the second national cultural relics census. In the third national cultural relics census completed in 2011, Yulin City found 4371 sites in the late Yangshao period, double the second census. Now that 10 years have passed, how much more has it increased? According to the person in charge of the Yulin Municipal Cultural Management Institute, in recent years, a large number of prehistoric sites have been discovered in Yulin, and the total number has reached nearly 10,000. In some areas, he said, there is an average of 2 square kilometers of a prehistoric site. We look at the entire northern Shaanxi and Longdong Plateau, where more than 10,000 prehistoric sites have been discovered and mastered. Such a huge number is unique in any region of China. From the Paleolithic Age to the birth of Neolithic civilization, the Loess Plateau is the root of Chinese civilization.
Most scholars in the field of historians believe that the late Yangshao culture to the early Longshan era corresponded to the Yellow Emperor era. Mr. Xu Xusheng said: "The birthplace of the Yellow Emperor clan, on the Loess Plateau in present-day Shaanxi, panji water, got the surname Ji. Emperor Yan began to work in the upper reaches of the Wei River in present-day Shaanxi, with the surname of Jiang. Since then, some of the two communities have gradually moved eastward. The Yandi clan followed the upper reaches of the Wei River and the banks of the Yellow River to the area where present-day Henan and the three provinces of Henan, Hebei and Shandong were bordered. The Yellow Emperors ran along the north banks of the Beiluoshui, Weishui and Yellow Rivers, along with the Zhongtiao Mountains and the Taihang Mountains, until near present-day Beijing" (The Age of Ancient Chinese Legends).
Mr. Han Jianye, a professor at Chinese Min University, said after inspecting the development route of the Yellow Emperor clan in Shaanxi and Gansu: The Yangshao culture and the Longshan era culture from Baoji in Shaanxi to Longdong and northern Shaanxi are basically in the same vein. He said: "During the four or five thousand years ago, that is, the key stage of the development of the legendary Yellow Emperor clan, it should not be accidental that many mega-square-meter-sized sites were discovered in the central and western parts of Guanzhong, longzhong and eastern Longdong to northern Shaanxi. In particular, the Yulin area in northern Shaanxi is a magical area with thousands of Neolithic cultural sites!"
Mr. Ji Yingming, the patriarch of the Jizong clan, said: "The Yellow Emperor is the honorific title of the head of the major clans living in the area from Longshan longdong to northern Shaanxi in Gansu Province, more than 7,000 years ago, and I have inherited it from my ancestors, the first generation of the Yellow Emperor is a direct descendant of Fuxi, who was born on the bank of Ji Shui 7137 years ago, and Is half-brother of Emperor Shennongyan. By the time of the fourth generation of the Yellow Emperor, he went up along the Jingshui River, and finally came to the rich Taiyuan (Qingyang DongZhiyuan) and the ancient Henan area to develop and grow, until the Yellow Emperor xuanyuan completed the great cause of unifying the world. ”
From the beginning, the Yellow Emperor clan lived on the vast and continuous Loess Plateau in Guyong Prefecture, and its development and growth were also all the way to the east and north to open up the territory, and the tribal population became larger and stronger. Regrettably, the study of the origins of the history of Chinese civilization is still in a dilemma of different opinions and inconsistencies. According to relevant data, there are only more than 600 Yangshao period sites found in Henan Province, and the area of the sites found is generally small. If we believe Mr. Xu Xusheng's statement, during the Yangshao period, the first people who lived and developed in Henan were the Yandi tribesmen, and then the Yellow Emperor defeated the Yandi emperor before the people of the Yanhuang tribes. Let's ask: How many people were there at that time at the time of the more than 600 sites in Henan Province? And what will be the population of the tens of thousands of Yellow Emperor settlements in Longdong and northern Shaanxi Plateau? How many generations of people of the Yellow Emperor clan have grown from small to large, and to the Xuanyuan Yellow Emperor Zhan Yan Emperor, the Capture Xuan You, the unification of all states, and the dingding of the Huaxia Domain, can no strong population base be achieved? In Dingbian County, Baiyuan Mountainous District, northern Shaanxi, of the 106 Yangshao sites currently registered, 22 are more than 200,000 square meters, and there are 1.6 million square meters of super-large ones. The Lushan's ruins in Yan'an are also a super-large settlement of more than 2 million square meters. In Jingbian County, which is also in the Baiyuan Mountains, there are currently 225 Yangshao sites registered alone. Unfortunately, the archaeology of northern Shaanxi has been carried out less, the data is scattered, and the research is very weak. At present, the academic community has a vague understanding of the late Yangshao remains in northern Shaanxi, or generally classified into the types of marine no waves distributed in central and southern Inner Mongolia, or believes that there are two types of remains of haisheng bulang and Xiwang village" (Di Nan, "Yangshao remains in northern Shaanxi from the Temple Liang Ruins").
In August 2020, the author participated in the "Yellow Emperor Development Route" source exploration activity initiated by the Research Center for Traditional Chinese Culture of Chinese Min University, from Baoji in the Weishui River Basin to the Longzhong and Longdong Plateaus in Gansu Province, northeast into the Northern Shaanxi Plateau, and inspected many prehistoric sites on the ground. In the Nanzuo ruins of about 5,000 years old and millions of square meters in Qingyang, we see thousands of square meters of large hall-style building sites and carbonized rice millet granaries. Mr. Ji Yingming said: "The real development of the Yellow Emperor clan was in the Tai area, that is, after reaching Dong Zhiyuan in Qingyang, that is, it was established as one of the four capitals of the Yellow Emperor, 'You Xiong ZuoDu'. After several generations of efforts, it gradually expanded northward. When the Yellow Emperor people crossed the Baiyuan Mountain, the flat and vast Hetao Plain was the best gift from heaven! The Yellow Emperor clan established capital cities such as 'Tianfei Shendu' and 'Kunlong Virtual Capital' in Hetao, which greatly enhanced their own strength, which led to the great feats of the Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan in creating a unified World of Huabang. Professor Han Jianye, who accompanied the inspection, said in an interview with the media: "Legend has it that Yanhuang was born and developed in the area of Guyongzhou, which should be the core area of the birthplace of Chinese civilization." The Yulin area is the central area of xuanyuan yellow emperor. ”
The huge number of Yangshao cultural sites in northern Shaanxi is enough to prove that this is the main distribution area and center of the Xuanyuan Yellow Emperor culture.
Danjia Qingwen The code of the Turtle Book Luoshui
In ancient Chinese books, "the Dragon Diagram is out of the river, and the Book of Turtles is out of Luo." The red seal character, to grant Xuanyuan", in fact, is that the Yellow Emperor of Xuanyuan created the script, which is a major event that shocks the world and weeps ghosts, and the dawn of Chinese civilization rises on the banks of the Luoshui River. The traces of the ancestors' lives are densely and clearly exposed on the ground, hidden deep underground.
On the Longdong Plateau in the Hengshan Mountains, the ruins of Nanzuo, where the ancestors of the Yellow Emperor of Xuanyuan lived, are being excavated, and they are now beginning to emerge. Some scholars even assert that its scale, rank, and importance are far from being comparable to Liangzhu. From here, the Yellow Emperor people entered the northern Shaanxi Plateau connecting mountains and rivers to the east and north to expand their territory. Going up against the waters of Jingjing and Luo, turning over the Baiyuan Mountain and overlooking the Hetao Plain of the Ichima Ping River, it is a magnificent and magnificent scene. Most of the townships in Dingbian are connected with Qingyang Huan County, Huachi Jingluo River Basin, Jingbian and Wuqi in the southern mountains of Baiyuan Mountain, scattered with hundreds of Yangshao cultural sites, and 35 sites with an area of more than 100,000 square meters. Large Yangshao cultural sites have also been found in the northern salt lake and aeolian grass beach area. From Dingbian all the way to the east, into the Wuding River Basin Jingbian, Hengshan, Yuyang, Zizhou, Mizhi, Suide, Qingjian and other counties and districts, countless rivers on both sides of the highlands, covered with nearly 4,000 prehistoric sites. Further northeast, into Wubao, Jia County, Shenmu straight to the Jinshan Gorge on the Edge of the Yellow River, hundreds of kilometers north and south of Hexi land is embedded with more than 2,000 prehistoric sites.
Looking around, there are more than 10,000 Yangshao and Longshan cultural sites in northern Shaanxi and the Longdong Plateau. The lights of the Yellow Emperor tribe illuminate the vast, rich, magical and magnificent Chuanyuan River.
Baiyuan Mountain Ya type river Miao Zhuang photography
However, the Loess Plateau, which was once the most frequent prehistoric human activity, provided nutrition and growth drivers for the childhood of the Chinese nation, once became a poor and backward region in the country. Due to historical wars, as well as serious soil erosion and desertification trends, the 1970s was defined by the United Nations as "the most unsuitable place on earth for human existence". Until the 1990s, the Loess Plateau successively discovered rich underground resources, known as "half a basin of oil, full of gas, the bottom of the pot is full of coal and salt layers", shocking the whole country. Some people say that today, the Loess Plateau has once again provided an inexhaustible source of impetus for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
Under the situation of major changes in the world that have not occurred in a hundred years, the rise of the Chinese nation must not only provide impetus from material resources, but also rely on the spirit of Chinese civilization to boost confidence. When the leader inspected Shaanxi in early 2015, he said: "The Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum is the spiritual symbol of Chinese civilization. He also pointed out that "the cultural accumulation of xuanyuan yellow emperor mausoleum is very deep." We must pay attention to the excavation and utilization of history and culture, trace back to the source, find the roots, find the soul, and find the combination point of history and reality." At the study meeting of the Politburo of the Central Committee on September 28, 2020, the Leaders' Record stressed that it is necessary to attach great importance to archaeological work, strive to build archaeology with Chinese characteristics, Chinese style, and Chinese style, and better understand the long-standing, broad and profound Chinese civilization. At the meeting, it was pointed out that prehistoric figures such as "Three Emperors and Five Emperors" are myths and legends or are there really people? Archaeological work is also needed to unravel the mystery. It is necessary to implement major projects such as "Comprehensive Research on the Origin and Early Development of Chinese Civilization" and "Archaeological China", strengthen the adjustment of archaeological resources and the investigation of policy needs, and improve the level of archaeological work planning. The Chinese historical and archaeological circles have the responsibility to implement the spirit of the leaders' instructions, clarify the direction of China's prehistoric history research and archaeology, break the taboo of administrative divisions of archaeological resources, make high-level overall planning, concentrate on tackling key problems, find civilization at the source of civilization, and trace traces on the road of the ancestors of the Chinese nation. The discovery of the site of Shenmu Shi'an in northern Shaanxi in recent years has been hailed as the discovery of a "lost civilization". However, in northern Shaanxi, the Shi'an site is not isolated and the only existence, let alone the last existence, Shi'an is just a sporadic appearance on this land today, and greater discoveries are waiting for archaeologists to excavate it!
In recent years, Yulin has made rapid progress in the construction of railways, highways, aviation facilities and large-scale water sources, and four or five rescue excavations of Yangshao cultural sites in the city have been exposed. The site of Jia Da'a on the east bank of the Luhe River in Hengshan District, partially excavated by the Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, revealed the Yangshao and Longshan period sites with an area of more than one million square meters that lasted from 4800 to 3800 years ago, and the excavation report of the site has not been published so far; Pottery fired from the Hengshan Dagujie site has been unearthed for about 7,000 years. In addition, the excavations of the Yangjiesha, Miaoliang, and Jingbian Wuzhuang Guoliang sites in Hengshan span the late Yangshao period to the early Longshan period, and experts believe that these sites "have high similarities ... Cave-dwelling sites are generally popular in the three sites, and the structure and living surface treatment methods in the site are basically the same... It can be identified as the same archaeological culture" (Di Nan, "From the Ruins of Miaoliang to see the Remains of the Late Yangshao Period in Northern Shaanxi"). The article pointed out: "A certain number of single-ear and amphora jars have been found in the late Yangshao remains in this area, and such artifacts are rare in the late Yangshao remnants and marine waves in Guanzhong, which should be a cultural factor originating from the western region." Therefore, for the first time, the archaeological and cultural connection between northern Shaanxi and the Longdong region of Gansu was confirmed.
At present, very little basic archaeological work has been done in northern Shaanxi, and the prehistoric sites in Yulin are passive excavations, and the number is even smaller, but tomb robbery is rampant. A circular mound of the Yangshao ruins in Aozeyan Village, Jingbian TianciWan, is covered with pottery pieces, and a nearby mountain beam is a large burial area, and according to locals, there are more than 200 ancient tombs that have been stolen and excavated. On the prehistoric sites in some counties and districts such as Jingbian, Dingbian, and Yuyang, some of the scholars who often visited were from Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shanghai, and other places, and they picked up a large number of cultural relics. Yulin currently does not have a municipal large museum, many prehistoric artifacts in the personal museum collection, including a large number of treasures, which is a very unique phenomenon. If the protection of monuments is not strengthened and the excavation of ancient tombs is rampant, the loss of cultural relics on the land of Yulin will become more and more serious and irreparable. (Wang Zhicheng)
Source: Consumption Daily